外伤性鼓膜穿孔面积测定方法及41例分析

目的探索外伤性鼓膜穿孔面积大小的测量方法并分析41例病例。方法用图像分析软件Photoshop分析耳内窥镜获得的外伤穿孔鼓膜照片，计算穿孔与鼓膜面积比例并分析外伤性鼓膜穿孔的法医临床学特性。结果外伤性鼓膜穿孔通常为小穿孔，边缘血污部分外翻，形状不规则，左侧居多。结论耳内窥镜可以清晰记录外伤性鼓膜穿孔，图像处理软件可以定量分析鼓膜穿孔大小。     

外伤性鼓膜穿孔诊断体会

头面部外伤常可累及鼓膜,由此引起的鼓膜外伤性穿孔及听觉损伤临床多见。外伤性鼓膜穿孔为耳鼻喉科常见医疗鉴定的疾病,鼓膜穿孔是否与外伤有关,穿孔大小是否与听力损失程度相关,对法医学和耳科临床诊断具有重要意义,现将166例外伤性鼓膜穿孔的鉴定情况报告如下。临床资料本文案例为我鉴定机构2003年1月1日～2005年8月15日接诊的166例外伤性鼓膜穿孔的鉴定案例。一、检查、鉴定方法1.详细询问病史,均确认有近期耳外伤史。2.清洁外耳道后进行耳内窥镜下对鼓膜照相供诊断及鉴定时用。3.用耳内窥镜接上图像显示仪长口后,在监视器观察下自外耳道…     

耳内窥镜检查和录像对外伤性鼓膜穿孔的诊断意义

探讨耳内窥镜和录像检查对外伤性鼓膜穿孔的诊断意义。采用Hopkin型不同角度耳内窥镜和录像机对114例的 117只耳因头面部外伤累及到鼓膜者进行检查与分析。结果显示 :外伤性鼓膜穿孔在鼓膜的 4个象限都有发生 ,呈梭形、三角形、裂隙形、不规则形和半月形 ,其中前下象限占 6 1 91% ;非外伤性鼓膜穿孔多位于鼓膜的中央或边缘 ,呈圆形和椭圆形。耳内窥镜和录像检查可以客观真实地显示外伤性和非外伤性鼓膜穿孔的形态特征 ,能为外伤性鼓膜穿孔的法医学鉴定提供客观依据     

外伤性鼓膜穿孔诊断体会

头面部外伤常可累及鼓膜，由此引起的鼓膜外伤性穿孔及听觉损伤临床多见。外伤性鼓膜穿孔为耳鼻喉科常见医疗鉴定的疾病，鼓膜穿孔是否与外伤有关，穿孔大小是否与听力损失程度相关．对法医学和耳科临床诊断具有重要意义，现将166例外伤性鼓膜穿孔的鉴定情况报告如下。     

新标准下鼓膜穿孔损伤程度鉴定3例

正1案例1.1案例1贾某,男,46岁,因"手掌击伤致左耳闷2 h"至当地医院就诊。当时感耳闷、耳鸣,听力无明显下降。查体:左耳郭红肿。耳内窥镜检查示:左侧外耳道通畅,鼓膜充血,紧张部可见一圆形穿孔,周边少许新鲜血迹。3 d后行左耳鼓膜修补术。1个月后复查耳内窥镜示:左耳鼓膜穿孔已愈合。1.2案例2张某,女,53岁,因"被人打伤致左眼部及耳部、下肢疼痛肿胀"至当地医院就诊。查体:左耳郭压痛。耳内窥镜检查示:左耳前区及耳郭红肿,左外耳道畅,左侧鼓膜紧张部见梭形穿孔,边缘附新鲜血迹。原定于受伤2 d后在耳内窥镜下行左耳鼓膜贴补术,但患     

鼓膜窥镜及鼓膜照相在法医学鉴定中的应用

本文通过鼓膜损伤的法医学检验实例，将一般耳钱与鼓膜镜进行比较．结果发现，鼓膜镜以其高清晰度及能同时呈现鼓膜全貌的优点，对外伤性鼓膜穿孔的位置、形态，穿孔边缘的细小形态变化及病理鼓膜征象均能较好的反映；鼓膜照相能将鼓膜镜所见真实地记录下来，做为鉴定的客观证据长期留存．     

104耳鼓膜穿孔耳内窥镜电脑成像系统分析

目的 研究耳内窥镜电脑成像系统在鼓膜穿孔法医学鉴定中的价值。方法 用耳内窥镜电脑成像系统,观察已明确诊断97例患者的104耳鼓膜穿孔,并分析不同性质鼓膜穿孔特点。结果 在97例104耳鼓膜穿孔中,外伤性鼓膜穿孔70耳,左44耳,右26耳,均为单侧,以三角形、梭形、裂隙形为主,多发生在前下象限;炎症性鼓膜穿孔 34耳,左19耳、右15耳,单侧20例,双侧7例,以圆形、类圆形为主,多发生在后下象限。结论 两种鼓膜穿孔在耳别、形态、部位等指标上有明显差异;用耳内窥镜电脑成像系统观察鼓膜穿孔,其结果客观、准确,易保存,可为鼓膜穿孔的法医学鉴定提供依据。     

46例外伤后鼓膜穿孔的法医学鉴定

法医学鉴定中,虽然外伤性鼓膜穿孔较为常见,但单纯的外伤性鼓膜穿孔引发的听力严重损失较为少见。本文对46例鼓膜穿孔进行回顾,分析其可能影响听力造成损失的不同情况,以便准确评估伤者的损伤程度。1案例资料本组资料共46例46耳,均为伤者的1耳,另一侧耳听力、鼓膜等均无异常。男25例,女21例,年龄16~56岁,以20~35岁最多。46耳中,间接外力所致鼓膜穿孔41耳(占89.1%),其中拳掌击打耳部致鼓膜穿孔36耳,高坠时耳部撞击建筑脚手架致鼓膜穿孔2耳,炸矿致鼓膜穿孔2耳,鞋底击伤耳部致鼓膜穿孔1耳。直接外力所致鼓膜穿孔5耳(毛线针刺破1耳,火柴棒戳破1…     

双侧外伤性鼓膜穿孔 1例

1 案 例 　　某女， 36岁 ,市民。某日被他人拳击头部并掌击双耳部。伤后 40分钟医院查体：前额有一 3cm× 4cm头皮血肿。双耳道（－），右鼓膜紧张部前下方裂隙穿孔，边缘见血痂，左鼓膜紧张部前下方边缘性肾形大穿孔，边缘附血迹。纯音测听示双耳混合聋。 CT片示双乳突未见异常。 1周后医院检查 :双耳鼓膜穿孔，周边有血迹，左侧较大。伤后 17天法医检查 :双耳廓未见损伤痕迹，右外耳道 (－ ),右耳鼓膜紧张部见穿孔已愈合表面附小血痂，左外耳道下壁见血痂。左耳鼓膜紧张部前下方见梭形穿孔，部分愈合 ,边缘充血，见血痂。耳内窥镜检查并…     

24例外伤后鼓膜穿孔法医学鉴定的回顾性分析

目的研究外伤后鼓膜穿孔的法医学鉴定案件特点,探讨鼓膜穿孔的法医学鉴定要点及评定方法。方法对司法鉴定科学研究院2017年受理的24例外伤后鼓膜穿孔案例资料进行回顾性分析,包括鼓膜穿孔的大小、形态、好发部位、愈合时间、愈合方式等。结果本研究中,外伤性鼓膜穿孔以小穿孔(1/2象限)多见,形态常不规整,以前下象限为主,向心性移行愈合常见,6周内的愈合率达90%。结论外伤后鼓膜穿孔的鉴定案件中,重点是确定是否为外伤性以及6周内是否自行愈合,建议伤后每周定期进行鼓膜摄像检查,并在第6周联合应用声阻抗检查,从而提高鉴定的准确性、客观性及科学性。     

应用ABR法评定外伤性耳聋

本文通过对40例外伤性耳聋的症状、病变和听力检查,重点讨论了鼓膜损伤所致的听力障碍,其损伤程度不超过50dB,给法医学鉴定中耳损伤程度提供了客观数据。进一步验证了ABR检查在判定听力损失的意义,对夸大、伪聋的识别优于其它听力检查。从临床耳聋程度分类法就《人体重伤鉴定标准(试行)》中,关于听力损伤的重伤标准进行了探讨。     

76例113耳的耳蜗电图及听性脑干反应的法医学鉴定

使用NicoletSpirit诱发电位测试系统，结合纳音测听等对76例耳部和头领受伤者113耳进行检测。受试者分为两类：一是鼓膜穿孔32耳，分为小穿孔、中穿孔及大穿孔；二是鼓膜无穿孔81耳，分为轻度聋、中度聋、重度聋、严重聋及极度聋。分别进行耳蜗电图（EcochG）和听性脑干反应（ABR）测试，将鼓膜小穿孔、中穿孔和鼓膜无穿孔的轻度聋、中度聋与正常对照组的相关反应波潜伏期分别进行统计学分析表明，在方差分析和60项双项比较的Q检验中得出有显著差异者（P＜0．05）达76．7％，其中极显著差异者（P＜0．01）达70％。     

Patterns of injuries in domestic violence in a romanian population

In Romania, the quantification of traumatic injuries is achieved in medical- legal services; therefore, each domestic violence (DV) victim needs a medical-legal certificate to prove in a court of law the presence of traumatic injuries. In this study, we aimed to determine the pattern of traumatic injuries in DV. A total of 219 consecutive DV cases were included. For each victim, a detailed medical-legal examination was performed, including specialized consults, if needed. Results were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software. Traumatic injuries in DV cases were usually located in the head, face, and neck areas and had a low severity index. Severe lesions were found in less than 10% and no sexual aggression was found. The severity increases with age and is higher for males than females. The pattern of DV-associated injuries we have encountered is similar to the one found in other similar studies. Knowing this pattern may be useful in clinical practice to detect cases of DV.     

Fatal splenic rupture following Heimlich maneuver: case report and literature review

The most effective resuscitative procedure in choking by foreign bodies is the Heimlich maneuver, described for the first time by Henry Heimlich (1974) and recognized by the US Surgeon General (1985) as the "only method that should be used for the treatment of choking from foreign body airway obstruction." If performed correctly, this lifesaving maneuver is associated with rare complications, of which the most frequent are rib fractures and gastric or esophagus perforations. Other rare traumatic injuries such as pneumomediastinum, aortic valve cusp rupture, diaphragmatic herniation, jejunum perforation, hepatic rupture, or mesenteric laceration have been described.However, we are unaware of previous reports of splenic rupture after Heimlich maneuver. We present an interesting case of fatal hemoperitoneum due to a hilar laceration of the spleen following a correctly performed Heimlich maneuver.     

钝力性心脏外伤实验性研究——隐囊流体压力冲击心前区

本文应用隐囊流体冲击心前区，成功地制造了钝力性心脏外伤，包括心脏震荡、心脏挫伤，心脏裂伤等原发性心脏外伤以及外伤性冠脉血管炎。心肌炎血栓形成，心肌缺血坏死（外伤性心肌梗死）等继发性或迟发性外伤性损伤，指出：心肌膜爆裂（ｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｂｕｒｓｔ），相应纤维横向膨出畸型变可以作为心脏震荡性外伤的形态学指征：钝力作为原始致伤因素作用于心前区通过压，拉，旋转或剪切力引起心脏各部，包括刺激传导系统，心脏神经组织损伤；心脏挫裂伤等见于左右心壁室中隔，心内膜下并呈播散分布。     

不同方法测量不规则瘢痕面积的比较

目的对比不同测量方法在测量不规则瘢痕面积时的优缺点,以确定不规则瘢痕面积测量标准。方法对不规则瘢痕面积进行数字化扫描,运用坐标纸读取法、Auto CAD像素法、Photoshop套索像素法、Photoshop魔棒填充像素法及福昕PDF阅读软件测量法进行测量,从测量时间、可重复性、是否可以全程记录及是否可以溯源等方面进行比较分析。结果采用上述瘢痕面积测量方法的结果差异无统计学意义,但在测量时间、同一人多次重复性及多人测量可重复性上差异存在统计学意义,仅福昕PDF阅读软件可以溯源。结论上述方法均可应用于瘢痕测量,但是各有利弊,还需针对司法鉴定开发新的测量软件。     

Lipomatosis cordis as a cause of ventricular perforation in implantation of a pacemaker probe

A case report is given on lethal perforation of the right ventricle during emergency implantation of a pacemaker probe. The forensic autopsy revealed extensive lipomatous infiltration of the right ventricle in the rupture area. Lethal complications occur occasionally in spite of the standardization of implantation techniques, especially as a result of reanimation attempts. Such cases are discussed with regard to the forensic aspects with reference to the literature. Lipomatosis cordis as "locus minoris resistentiae" has special significance for ventricular perforation.     

Cooling rates of the ear and brain in pig heads submerged in water: implications for postmortem interval estimation of cadavers found in still water

The state of the art for determining postmortem interval in submerged bodies reflects a serious lack of studies. The objectives of the present study were therefore to study cerebral and tympanic cooling in water and its relation to cooling in air, in a pig model. First of all, cerebral and tympanic cooling on a single head and on an entire body were compared and proven to be very similar in air and in water. Nine pairs of heads were then exposed to 9 temperature intervals from 0 degrees C to 20 degrees C. For every set temperature, one head was placed in water, the other in "ambient" air in a thermostatic chamber. Ear and brain temperature were simultaneously measured every 10 minutes during 8 hours. Results showed that both in air and in water, cooling curves were almost exponential, regardless of the site (ear or brain) or the environmental temperature. Cooling was always more rapid in water than in air. Cerebral and tympanic cooling always had a correlation coefficient of 0.98-0.99. Assuming that these cooling patterns are applicable to man, this research may provide a starting point for postmortem interval estimation in submerged cadavers.