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1.
James L. Gibson 《后苏联事务》2013,29(2):101-128
An American political scientist investigates whether, and how, the political and economic values of ordinary Russians have changed. The study is based on a three-wave panel survey of a representative national sample of Russians, conducted between 1996 and 2000. The article considers the degree to which democratic commitments have solidified over the last half of the decade. The article also tests the conventional wisdom that democratic values are dependent upon perceptions of a successful economy. 相似文献
2.
Vladimir Gel’man 《后苏联事务》2016,32(5):455-473
Since the collapse of Communism, Russia and some other post-Soviet states have attempted to pursue socioeconomic reforms while relying upon the political institutions of neopatrimonialism. This politico-economic order was established to serve the interests of ruling groups and establish the major features of states, political regimes, and market economies. It provided numerous negative incentives for governing the economy and the state due to the unconstrained rent-seeking behavior of major actors. Policy reform programs revealed these institutions to be incompatible with the priorities of modernization, and efforts to resolve these contradictions through a number of partial and compromise solutions often worsened the situation vis-à-vis preservation of the status quo. The ruling groups lack incentives for institutional changes, which could undermine their political and economic dominance, and are caught in a vicious circle: reforms often result in minor returns or cause unintended and undesired consequences. What are the possible domestic and international incentives to reject the political institutions of neopatrimonialism in post-Soviet states and replace them with inclusive economic and political ones? 相似文献
3.
Do Russians’ personal experiences with corruption influence how they evaluate their political leaders and, if so, in what direction? In addressing this question, we focus specifically on small-scale corruption that arises when Russians encounter employees of service provision organizations. We analyze survey data gathered in the summer of 2015 from Russia to trace the links between personal corrupt behavior and political attitudes. We show that participation in everyday corruption lowers a person’s support for the political regime, both as a bivariate relationship and in a multivariate model with controls. Being involved in corrupt transactions reduces support for the regime through two indirect mechanisms: by making the political leadership’s performance seem worse and by heightening perceptions that corruption is widespread among the country’s leaders. We find no support for arguments in the literature that bribery and other forms of bureaucratic corruption help citizens pursue their needs in the face of inefficient state institutions and less developed economies. In Russia, those who frequently encounter corruption are less, not more, happy with the regime. 相似文献
4.
2020年1月,普京宣布政治改革初步方案,俄罗斯政治将在联邦层面发生巨大变化。同年9月13日,在俄罗斯地方选举中“统俄党”大获全胜。普京的一系列政治操作——政府重组、宪法修正似乎已初见成效。实际上,俄罗斯政治在地方层面上已经发生许多变化。通过使用python语言自编程序从俄罗斯中央选举委员会的官方网站抓取相关数据,本文研究了从2008年至2020年的情况,发现普京及“统俄党”在地方政治中的支持度明显不如在联邦中央,自2018年以来其他党派赢得一些地方选举的趋势仍在延续甚至加强,但“统俄党”在地方的表现未直接影响到联邦层级。从政治、经济、民生角度解读俄罗斯地方与中央政治态势的显著差异十分重要。未来俄罗斯存在普京续任总统或“统俄党”顺利推出新人执行类似普京政策的可能,但也不能排除“统俄党”落选反对派上台的可能性。俄罗斯政局的下一个重要观察点是2021年第八届国家杜马选举。 相似文献
5.
Grigorii V. Golosov 《后苏联事务》2014,30(6):464-480
This article uses statistical analysis of aggregate electoral returns in order to establish continuities in the territorial patterns of support between four major political parties of contemporary Russia, on the one hand, and those parties that contested national legislative (Duma) elections from 1993 through 2007, on the other hand. It is hypothesized that such continuities, dubbed “territorial genealogies,” are largely rooted in the migration of region-based gubernatorial political machines from one national party to another, which constitutes a major flow of organizational continuity in the development of political parties. Statistical analysis confirms that the main hubs of machine politics in Russia's regions, originating from the intra-elite struggles of the 1990s, provide United Russia with the territorial core of its current support. Other political parties retain electoral salience in those regions where their electoral appeal is not mitigated by the presence of political machines, which underscores the importance of non-machine party organization for their electoral destinies. 相似文献
6.
Grigorii V. Golosov 《后苏联事务》2013,29(5):397-419
This article uses data from the 1993–2011 national legislative elections in Russia in order to systematically measure and explain the dynamics of party system nationalization. The analysis registers a salient discrepancy between the extremely low levels of territorial homogeneity of the vote in the single-member plurality section of Russia's electoral system (1993–2003), on the one hand, and very high levels of party nationalization in party-list contests, on the other. This discrepancy, facilitated by such factors as the legacies of regime transition, federalism, and presidentialism, was reinforced by the integration of gubernatorial political machines into the nationwide political order, which ultimately resulted in unprecedentedly high levels of party nationalization in the 2007–2011 elections. The findings challenge a conventional theory that equates the formation of national electorates to the progressive process of party system consolidation, suggesting that under certain conditions, related but not reducible to the authoritarian perversion of the structure of electoral incentives, there is no such linear relationship. 相似文献
7.
Bernardo Teles Fazendeiro 《Central Asian Survey》2015,34(4):484-498
The article looks at Uzbekistan's political economy from the perspective of a logic of appropriateness, an approach that takes rules to be the underlying principle of action. The rules are mostly in line with a ‘spirit’ of self-reliance (mustaqillik), which has shaped Tashkent's international engagement since independence. From the perspective of those rules, the article reveals some important features of Russian–Uzbek relations, particularly the difficult and often tense negotiations over the future of the Tashkent Aviation Production Association (TAPOich). Self-reliance and the rules by which it was comprised were not, in the end, conducive to long-term cooperation with Russia in the aviation sector, where collaboration was first and foremost necessary. 相似文献
8.
灰色经营是指非正规但又被默许存在的经营活动。华人在俄进行灰色经营的领域主要有包棚种菜、在批发市场做买卖和带团旅游。华人在俄灰色经营活动之所以能够长期存在,在某种意义上是俄方有意为之的结果。俄罗斯社会缺乏安全感,对外资和外来移民充满戒心;在制定移民政策和引资政策时,总是更多地考量安全。这样就形成了如下矛盾心理:一方面对于外来移民的经营活动存在客观需求;另一方面又担心对外来移民的经营活动难以把控。对待在俄谋生的外来移民,俄方事实上的行为模式如下:先通过收严合法化空间使包括华人在内的外来劳务移民处于非法境地,然后,一方面默许其灰色经营方式的存在,另一方面在必要时进行检查和惩处。在这一背景下,如何化解灰色经营带来的危害,如何使经营方式由“灰”转“白”,就成为亟待探讨和解决的问题。 相似文献
9.
Oana Lup 《Swiss Political Science Review》2013,19(4):513-538
This article provides a review of extant empirical research on ordinary citizens' everyday political communication, its phenomenology, determinants, consequences, and relevance for democratic politics. It highlights the recent upsurge in interest in the study of political conversations against the background of both classic and more recent developments in democratic theory and empirical research that served as intellectual inspirations. The article discusses conceptual and methodological issues of research into interpersonal political communication and presents key findings with regard to the background and consequences of political talk, tapping into fundamental aspects of democratic citizenship such as political preferences, participation, cognitive involvement with politics as well as orientations towards fellow citizens and towards the democratic political system. It concludes with an assessment of the state of the art in this field of study, highlighting desirable avenues for future empirical research. 相似文献
10.
陆南泉 《中国浦东干部学院学报》2020,(3):123-136
不论是十月革命前的俄国、革命后建立的苏联,还是苏联解体后独立的俄罗斯,农业问题在其历史发展进程中,一直占有重要地位。沙俄是一个落后的农业国家。苏联并没有解决好农业问题,农业一直是个落后的部门。苏联解体后俄罗斯独立,直到近几年其农业发展才出现转机。农业的发展状况在很大程度上取决于农业制度。土地关系和农业组织形式是构成农业... 相似文献
11.
大东亚会议是日本为巩固和强化对占领地区的控制于1943年11月初主办的"首脑会议",是日本操纵下的一场徒具象征意义的检阅。对于伪满洲国来说,在大东亚会议的政治展示背后更具有深刻的内涵,标志着日本在太平洋战争后期对伪满洲国在其侵略体系中地位的强化与再确认。由此可见,日本精心策划的大东亚会议就是其在战局不利的情况下加紧强化对各仆从政权的控制而召开,并基本达到预期目的,促使伪满洲国进一步"国防国家化"。 相似文献
12.
近来,面对世界金融危机的严重冲击,俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫连续发表文章,就俄罗斯的未来发展提出新的战略思考,其核心是建立新型的现代化国家。除了继续强调创新发展、确定优先目标等内容之外,梅德韦杰夫突出强调了去斯大林化的现代化思想。去斯大林化指的是什么?去斯大林化的现代化对于俄罗斯具有怎样的现实意义?这一新的战略目标能否实现?有必要对这些问题进行系统的归纳与分析。 相似文献
13.
随着信息技术的发展和广泛应用,互联网成为人们互动的特殊空间,民众表达社会情绪、产生多元舆论的新场所,对传统政治形成新挑战。2011年以来,俄罗斯互联网快速发展,互联网政治给俄罗斯传统政治带来的挑战致使俄罗斯网络空间治理的形势愈加严峻;2018年12月俄罗斯在刻赤海峡与乌克兰发生冲突后被要挟断网,该事件使俄罗斯深刻地认识到没有网络安全就没有国家安全。在此背景下,为有效应对国内外互联网安全出现的挑战,俄罗斯政府采取战略战术相结合的思路,从顶层设计入手,借助完善法律法规、管理机制等多种手段,构建出较为完备的互联网空间治理体系。俄罗斯互联网空间的治理手段主次鲜明、有管有控,其在互联网治理理念以及管理方式上具有独到之处,值得深入研究,具有借鉴意义。未来,俄罗斯将继续从立法、技术和国际合作三个层面解决治理困境,有效规避互联网政治对国家安全带来的消极影响。 相似文献
14.
论俄罗斯混合市场经济模式的形成及特点 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
鉴于学术界对于俄罗斯经济发展模式存在不同观点,本文首先分析了俄罗斯从建立自由主义市场经济的政策取向到混合市场经济模式的转变过程,然后分析了俄罗斯混合市场经济模式的突出特征.在此基础上,文章对俄罗斯混合市场经济模式作出评价.最后得出结论,认为以强国富民为目标的混合市场经济模式是俄罗斯经济取得新发展的正确途径,进一步兴利除弊是保持经济增长速度和实现经济多样发展的重要前提. 相似文献
15.
俄罗斯知识分子问世的问题关系到如何看待俄罗斯知识分子的本质和特征,怎样评价知识分子在民族文化中的作用,知识分子的民族特征、类型及其内在规律和发展趋势等问题.俄学界之所以对此争论不休,很大程度上与其对知识分子界定标准的多元化有关:或以社会结构为依据,或以知识分子的特点为出发点,或从知识分子的功能角度.实际上上述种种观点互为补充,应加以综合分析研究. 相似文献
16.
Eugene Huskey 《后苏联事务》2013,29(2):115-143
The main aim of this study was to investigate whether the competition and cultural theoretical models that have received solid empirical support in the context of Western European societies can explain anti-foreigner sentiment in post-socialist Russia as a society searching for new national identity borders. Data obtained from the third round of the European Social Survey (2006) indicate a high level of anti-foreigner sentiment in contemporary Russia – more than 60% of Russians claimed that immigrants undermine the cultural life of the country, and almost 60% claimed that immigration is bad for the economy of the country. Our multivariate analysis showed that the two sets of individual-level predictors of anti-foreigner sentiment – the socioeconomic position of individuals (as suggested by the competition model) and conservative views and ideologies (as suggested by the cultural model) – are not meaningful in predicting anti-foreigner sentiment in post-socialist Russia. The results are discussed from a comparative sociology perspective and in the context of the Russian society. 相似文献
17.
俄罗斯地方选举的结果往往能够反映出俄罗斯的政治社会形势、中央地方关系的变化情况以及精英的流动和发展状况,对国家杜马选举甚至俄罗斯总统选举都有一定的影响。2018年俄地方选举呈现出不同以往的特点,普京支持的“统一俄罗斯”党不仅失去多个地区的领导权,在地区立法机构的席位也大幅缩水。相比之下,俄罗斯联邦共产党则取得了不错的竞选成绩,在所有参选地区的得票率都有所提升,大幅提高了在地区立法机构中的席位占比。但是由于政治当局的打压、左翼政党内部的分裂和俄罗斯联邦共产党自身的发展局限,俄罗斯左翼政党在短期内依然无法与强大的政权党抗衡。不断进行理论创新、加强党的自身建设、联合其他左翼政党和爱国力量,才是俄罗斯左翼政党复兴的长远之计。 相似文献
18.
Pamela A. Jordan 《后苏联事务》2017,33(6):452-471
Russia’s 2012 accession to the World Trade Organization was widely expected to spur economic growth and modernization, by helping the country abandon its import-substitution model and fully integrate into the global economy. However, thus far, Russia’s compliance record with its WTO commitments has been mixed, and WTO membership has given Russia limited economic benefits and few political gains. In analyzing why, this article uses neoclassical realism as a framework for assessing Russia’s behavior in WTO trade disputes and negotiations. During Russia’s economic recession, the regime of President Vladimir Putin advanced protectionist policies and maintained statist control over the heights of the economy, while using rhetorical strategies to counter accusations from Western powers that Russia had violated WTO norms. Russia’s struggling economy weakened its status as a global economic power, and it was viewed as unqualified to sit among the core group of negotiators in the WTO. 相似文献
19.
Marthinus Conradie 《Journal of contemporary African studies : JCAS》2016,34(4):479-497
Working with a set of theoretical concepts from critical race theory, this article examines perspectives on the impact of micro-aggressions and systemic inequality, as elicited during on online debate among undergraduate students. The debate centred on the degree to which white South Africans may legitimately identify as Africans. This topic served as a means of stimulating talk about the effects of racialisation in post-apartheid South Africa. During the analysis, the arguments that emerged from the online debate were analysed within a framework of white talk, referred to as New South Africa Speak. All contributions to the debate were measured against the discursive forms and functions that characterise New South Africa Speak. The findings are reported in terms of: During the conclusion the potential relevance of these findings to ongoing protest movements at South African universities is considered. 相似文献
20.
文章简述了日本爱国妇人会的创立背景和思想渊源,对该会的宣传教化执行机构和意识形态工作进行了梳理。通过对该会在日俄战争、九一八事变、全面侵华战争(前期)这三场大规模侵略战争中的宣传内容、策略和目的加以分析,进一步从微观上勾勒出日本裹挟妇女走向战争深渊的必然路径。 相似文献