Post-mortem human reproduction: legal and other regulatory issues

Increasingly women are seeking to establish pregnancies using sperm retrieved from their dead or dying partners. This raises a number of issues of a broad nature, but is also of significance in terms of the relationship between regulatory mechanisms and private choices. This article reviews this relationship with specific reference to the United Kingdom position, but also taking account of case law and regulation in Australia, particularly in the State of Victoria.     

法律规范的逻辑结构新论

准确界定法律规范的概念,是进行逻辑结构分析的前提。根据语义分析哲学对概念的功能论理解,法律规范作为一个被建构起来的概念,应当强调它是能够相对独立地发挥法律调整功能的最小单元。由于法律规范的“最小单元”性质未能引起足够的重视,以往诸种法律规范的逻辑结构理论各有利弊得失,却存在一个共同的缺陷:把“法律规范间的逻辑结构”(或“规范性法律文件的逻辑结构”)误为“法律规范的逻辑结构”。这一误区导致法律规范逻辑结构理论的解释力和应用性受到影响,不仅难以解释刑事法律规范的结构,而且很少在部门法中被实际运用。法律规范的逻辑结构应当采用新的“三要素说”:法律事实 规范模态词 法律效果。     

Posthumous reproduction: a consideration of the medical, ethical, cultural, psychosocial and legal perspectives in the New Zealand context

This paper describes the development of New Zealand policy on posthumous reproduction in assisted human reproduction. It outlines five perspectives: medical, ethical, cultural, psychosocial and legal and shows the multidisciplinary approach taken by the National Ethics Committee. It is argued that each of these perspectives has important contributions to make to the multidisciplinary approach. The guidelines determined by the Committee are outlined, along with the processes used in arriving at these.