新时代基层党建民主化系统建构的四重向度北大核心

新时代基层党建民主化系统建构,必须聚焦基层党组织的主体意识、体制运行、社会基础、法治保障等诸方面,即系统建构基层党组织领导意识民主化、权力运行民主化、民意参与民主化和制度规约民主化等。在这一系统建构过程中,基层党组织(负责人)领导意识民主化是前提,权力运行民主化是关键,民意参与民主化是动力,制度规约民主化是保障。以上"四位一体"辩证统一,循环往复,螺旋式演进。其中,制度规约民主化起到承上启下的作用,其既是对前一个周期基层党建民主化过程的总结,也是对后一个周期基层党建民主化过程的发轫。总之,以上"四位一体"共同构成了新时代基层党建民主化的整体运行系统,只有其同向合力,才能不断提高党的基层组织建设的质量。     

邓小平政治民主化思想述论

政治民主化的提出是邓小平对社会主义人民民主理论的发展,其主要内容体现了这样的认识:推动政治权威的转变、促成干部制度的改革是政治民主化的前提;重构各政治主体的权力和权利关系是政治民主化的关键;以党内民主化推进国家政治生活的民主化是政治民主化的路径选择;制度、法律建设是政治民主化的保障。     

论政党共识对民主化绩效的影响--关于巴西、委内瑞拉和尼日利亚的实证比较

通过对巴西、委内瑞拉和尼日利亚三个国家民主化进程的实证比较 ,本文认为 ,民主化进程具有相对独立于经济的发展特质 ,民主化过程本身包含着对社会分裂与共识的整合水平 ,社会分裂的表达只是民主化发展的部分内涵 ,对分裂的社会利益进行整合是民主化的题中之意。在民主化进程中 ,政党扮演了独特的角色 ,它连结着社会的冲突与整合 ,其整合冲突、形成共识的功能是影响民主化绩效的重要因素 ,而历史传统文化则成为能否达成政党共识的关键。     

论民主化的本质——从国家建设的视角

从自由选举视角来看待民主化,进而把实施普选作为民主化的标志,存在一定局限性。实际上,民主化是现代国家建设的本质属性和内在要求,所以应把民主化放在现代国家建设中来理解,它内在地包含了国家制度建设、公民的社会行动和国家治理机制转变三个逻辑阶段。但在三个逻辑阶段之间过渡过程中,存在较大的政治风险,所以必须将民主化理解为一个深思熟虑的政治实践,从而有效驾驭民主化。     

制定公共政策过程的科学化与民主化的内在联系

本文对制定公共过程的科学化民主化的内在联系进行了论证 :一是科学化与民主化相互联系 ,密不可分 ;二是民主化是决策科学化的前提和保证 ,科学化是决策民主化的目的和归宿 ;三是决策民主化与科学化必须相辅助相成。     

民主化的理论系谱:从现代化理论到结构化理论

本文简要的梳理了在过去几十年学界对民主化现象的主要研究成果,并对主要的民主化理论进行了评价。民主化的理论发展主要经历了三大阶段:宏观探索、微观导向和理论融合,并形成了现代化理论、结构理论、文化理论和过程理论等丰富的民主化理论。其中,现代化理论、结构理论与文化理论又被统称为民主化的宏观理论,主要认为民主政治的出现和发展是由客观的社会经济结构或文化价值决定的;而过程理论被称为民主化的微观理论,主要认为政治行为者的选择和博弈最终决定了一个国家能否建立民主政治体系。这些理论在主要观点、研究方法和分析框架之间存在着很强的进化色彩,后一种理论的发展是针对前一种理论存在的缺陷而进行的。总的说来,从宏观理论、微观理论到理论融合不仅代表着民主化理论的研究成就和发展趋势,而且对于那些正在经历或将要经历民主化的国家而言具有现实意义。     

理论界关于政治民主化一些提法

政治民主化是近来理论界颇为关注的一个问题,现将其中若干观点概述如下: 关于民主的含义理论界认为,民主是社会主义国家的根本政治制度。尽管社会主义各国的民主化进程不完全一样,但是向民主化方向发展却是一个带有规律性的总趋势。政治体制改革的目标就是实现政治制度、政治生活的民主化。改革的实质就是民主化,改革的过程就是民主化的过程。一种观点认为,民主实际上是一个权力问题,要真正做到“人民有权”。民主的本来含义就是:一,由人民行使对国家大事的决定权;二,由人民行使对国家官员的选举权,罢免权和监督权。另一种观点认为,民主化包括3个相互联系:一、政治参与,即个人承担政治角色,参与政治活动程度越来越深,这是民主化的核心;二、政治文化,即     

中国民主化道路选择问题的变量分析--一个概念图式的解释

对于中国民主化道路的选择问题,学术界晚近的争议主要集中于民主化的逻辑起点:应该优先考虑社会的自主化、政治制度的合理化抑或民主价值的本土化。本文通过一个概念性图式来解释,这三种立场的理论原型分别构成发展逻辑不同但又相互依存的三个民主自变量,而自变量的变化决定着任何国家具有不同的民主化路径。中国的民主化函数是在以历史时间和世界空间构成的坐标系中全方位展开的,应在整体上并行不悖地推动三重民主化的发展与和谐社会的建构,以超越民主自身的弊病和后发国家的民主化困境。     

路径依赖与西方式民主的矛盾——以全球民主浪潮下的泰国政治为例

自由、平等、博爱,公民对政府的有效控制,负责任的政府、完善的政治参与机制,以及各种各样的公民美德是普遍的政治价值追求。在政治民主化进程中,最重要的不是制度形式的优越性,而是国家机器在运转制度中的有效性决定了国家的民主化程度和繁荣稳定。民主化浪潮是在一个特定的时期发生的有非民主政权向民主政权的转型,泰国是近代民主化的最早的一波浪潮,同时又是最不稳定的,通过研究泰国的政治文化特征,分析路径依赖下的发展中国家民主化的出路。     

浅析菲律宾民主化进程中的公民社会运动

菲律宾自独立以后就享有"东方小美国"之称,但是其政治发展却经历了民主化兴起—失败、威权统治和民主化回归三个阶段。着重阐述每一阶段公民社会运动在菲律宾民主化进程中的表现,分析其作用,并总结其经验教训与不足,这对于菲律宾以及很多发展中国家在推行本国的民主化制度时有重要的借鉴意义。     

中国共产党的三个历史决议与正确党史观的确立和发展

唯物史观是共产党人认识和把握人类社会发展规律的世界观和方法论,确立正确党史观就要以唯物史观为指导,运用辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义认识和研究中国共产党的历史,从而得出正确的观点。中国共产党历来高度重视总结历史经验,在百年奋斗进程中形成了三个历史决议,一以贯之地坚持辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的理论与方法:用具体历史的、客观全面的、联系发展的观点来看待党的历史,准确把握党的历史发展的主题主线、主流本质,正确对待党在前进道路上的曲折;加强思想引导和理论辨析,澄清对党史中一些重大历史问题的模糊认识和片面理解;守正创新、正本清源、固本培元,系统总结党的历史经验。三个历史决议确立并不断丰富和发展了正确党史观。     

Solace for the Frustrations of Silent Citizenship: the Case of Epicureanism

Insofar as no democratic society can fully realize norms of free and equal citizenship, citizens in such regimes are likely to experience some degree of discontent with their political lives. This raises a second purpose for democratic theory beyond the usual focus on improving democratic institutions: the psychological issue of how ordinary citizens might find solace in the face of disappointment. Democratic theory is capable of providing solace because egalitarian commitments – equality, free speech, solidarity, and self-sufficiency – have a double potential: they not only ground efforts to democratize institutions, but when sublimated in apolitical form also have the capacity to generate a transcendence of the political form itself. In this essay, I pursue both ideas – the need for solace and egalitarianism's ability to provide it – through analysis of the way Epicureanism may have functioned for the ordinary, plebeian citizens in late Republican Rome.     

Managing Performance at Local Government Level: The Cases of the City of Brisbane and the City of Melbourne

Local governments have been involved in a continuous reform process during recent decades. In many cases, this process has focused on the introduction of performance measurement and management. Reforms have evolved from the mere use of indicators to integrated management systems. In this article, the Balanced Scorecard, a system designed to answer the need for integrated management systems, is used as the framework to analyse how local governments have managed the use of performance management systems. The demands for better public performance, for greater customer focus, for enhanced decision-making and for increased responsiveness have an important role in the design of performance management systems. In addition, a perceived crisis in the area of management can act as catalyst for the implementation.     

谈医院科室教学档案管理模式创新

针对医院科室教学档案管理的现状及存在的问题,我院在管理模式、管理内容以及管理措施等方面进行了深入细致的研究和积极创新,把科室教学档案作为医院文化建设中的一项重要内容来抓,通过一系列的精心运作,取得了显著成效,为医院迎查评估达标提供了可靠保证。     

浅论曾国藩伦理道德对公共道德建设的积极意义

中国现代化建设需要相应道德体系的支撑，需要对传统伦理道德的重构。曾国藩家训中道德思想以孝为基本核心，包含居家美德、个人道德修养、交接之道等，形成了自己独特的伦理道德体系，这有助于形成一个公平正义、诚信互爱、简朴清廉、忠义有孝的社会环境。对现代化进程中公共道德建设有着积极的作用。     

Innovation at the edges of the metropolis: An analysis of innovation drivers in Sydney's peripheral suburbs

Abstract

This article discusses using the concept of innovation ecosystems to assess innovation intensity in peripheral areas of metropolitan regions. Innovation is a significant driver of prosperity, industrial growth, and job creation. Emergent areas of new technology applications have their roots in entrepreneurial and innovative practices. However, studies have focused on the strengths that cities—and central business districts and inner suburbs in particular— have relative to the industries of the emerging knowledge economy, notably information technology and financial, property, and business services. Most of the time, the peripheral suburbs have been neglected.

The results from a study of innovation drivers in Sydney, Australia, show that peripheral suburbs in metropolitan areas have local innovation processes that require specific planning measures to promote innovation intensity. Some of these processes are linked to local suburban characteristics that might not apply to the entire city or metropolitan region.     

The Reinvention of Public Personnel Administration: An Analysis of the Diffusion of Personnel Management Reforms in the States

Reform is a common theme in American public administration. During the twentieth century at least 12 major administrative reforms have taken place at the federal level and countless others in state and local governments. Frequently, these reforms have addressed the operation of public personnel management systems. Recent efforts associated with the reinventing government movement, for example, have proposed numerous alterations to civil service rules and procedures, and many jurisdictions have implemented significant changes in their personnel practices. This article examines the extent to which these kinds of personnel reforms have been implemented by state governments. A reform index is developed to document the considerable variation among the states in their approach to personnel practices. Several state characteristics are associated with scores on this index, including legislative professionalism, which bears a positive relationship to reform, and the level of unemployment within a state and the proportion of state employees associated with public employee unions, which are both negatively associated with reform.     

A Political Outlier: the Distinct Politics of the Millennial Generation

The generation one comes of age politically is an important determinant in one’s political identity. As a result, there is the potential for a disparity of the vote choice among different generations. Today, the youngest generation of American adults—the so-called Millennial Generation—have developed distinct political leanings that are significantly to the left of older generations Since Millennials have achieved adulthood and gained the right to vote the generation has consistently been a generational outlier. The strong pro-Democratic vote of the Millennials has its roots in the generation being both very pro-Obama and very anti-Bush. The Millennials support for the Democratic Party, however, is also due to the generation’s liberal views on policy that are a product of Millennials’ relative diversity, high education levels, global perspective on politics, and lack of religiosity. The huge generation gap that has emerged since Millennials have entered the electorate suggests that there is an emerging realignment of the electorate along generational lines. With generational replacement, Millennials thus have the potential to alter the direction of American politics.     

Governing the Chinese Economy: Regulatory Reform in the Service of the State

Pursuant to its extensive program of market reforms, China’s government tried to restructure itself to support a market‐dominated economy. Reform efforts have included elements that are familiar to scholars of public administration: streamlining government, strengthening bureaucratic capacity, distancing government from firms, and establishing independent regulators. But how deep have these reforms been, and with what ultimate goals? This article examines a crucial segment of the economy—China’s so‐called lifeline industries—to show how reforms to China’s economic governance system have been mapped onto an existing system characterized by extreme institutional fragmentation and an inability to imbue new governmental bodies with authority. Moreover, for these key industrial sectors, the Chinese party‐state’s strong interests in ownership, revenues, and social policy dictate that it use a variety of tools to protect these interests.     

From asset to patrimony: the re-emergence of the housing question

Abstract

The global financial crisis has ushered in a major housing crisis in many European countries. The paper seeks to shed light on why, despite massive housing crises, there are few policy efforts at tackling it. Probing into the policy paradigms that have informed housing policies, the paper demonstrates a shift towards housing as an asset before the crisis. Increasingly, housing policies have become interwoven with financial markets. This has led to a major policy mismatch after the crisis: while the return of the ‘housing question’ would have required renewed efforts at establishing housing as a social right, de facto policy makers sought to stabilise financial markets. The result is a paradoxical outcome, where neoliberal market-driven programmes are embedded in increased dependence on family wealth. The article demonstrates the shift from housing as asset to housing as patrimony in three different varieties of residential regimes, represented by Ireland, Denmark and Hungary.