联合国气候变化大会

2007年12月3日，《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方第十三次会议（联合国气候变化大会）在印度尼西亚巴厘岛开幕。由于《京都议定书》第一承诺期将于2012年到期，之后如何安排全球继续进行温室气体减排成为本次大会的焦点。经过激烈争执与讨论，12月15日与会各方通过了“巴厘岛路线图”，主要内容包括：大幅度减少全球温室气体排放量，     

欧盟气候变化政策的演变

欧盟的气候变化政策起源于欧洲环境保护运动,其形成经历了一个循序渐进、不断深化的过程。欧洲环境运动的发展为欧盟气候变化政策的形成提供了早期基础;围绕着《京都议定书》的谈判和履行议定书中欧盟提出的各项承诺,该政策正式形成。在后京都时代,欧盟又提出了气候变化扩展政策,该政策成为欧盟参与国际气候变化谈判的主要依据与基础。哥本哈根会议后,欧盟出台了“后哥本哈根国际气候政策：行动起来重振全球气候变化谈判”的政策文件,明确了欧盟后哥本哈根气候变化谈判战略。     

中国与77国集团气候变化合作机制研究

中国实力地位变化是影响中国与77国集团气候变化合作机制起伏的重要因素。当中国的发展中国家地位未受质疑时,中国与77国集团拥有共同的理念和利益,因而能有效合作。当中国的发展国家地位受到质疑时,中国与77国集团合作的共同利益基础会逐步弱化进而导致合作走向解体。在这一过程中,中国实力地位发生变化的转折点成为与77国集团合作发生逆转的关键时刻。研究表明,2008年的金融危机既是中国实力地位变化的转折点,也是中国与77国集团合作由紧密走向松散的转折点。尽管这一合作尚未完全解体,但未来将面临更多挑战,更难以回到2008年之前的合作状态。     

美国气候变化政策演变特征和奥巴马政府气候变化政策走向

美国气候变化政策发展大致经历了四个阶段,主要表现出如下特点：从地位上看,美国气候变化政策经历了从一般性程度上升到战略性高度的过程;从内容上看,美国气候变化政策是变化性与延续性相结合的产物;从政府首脑来看,其党派属性对气候变化政策影响重大。奥巴马政府任期内,“积极应对”将会成为美国气候政策的主旋律,但是其国内政策能否有效推进取决于多重因素的相互制衡。美国依旧会继续避免作出实质性的减排承诺,并且会继续要求发展中国家也参与到全球温室气体减排中来,只是形式将会更加间接化和多样化,同时会加强与主要发展中国家的合作力度,并有望打破小布什退出《京都议定书》造成的僵局。     

中美气候变化合作与中美军事关系

气候变化是人类在二十一世纪面临的重大挑战,但这一重要命题却在金融危机导致的全球经济衰退背景下难以找到破解良方。作为对全球治理气候变化最具影响力的中美两国应按照求同存异的原则,在适应和后续应对方面进一步提升合作的深度和广度。特别是在气候变化导致极端天气和自然灾害日益增多的情况下,中美两国军队应加强在人道主义救援和灾难救助领域的协作和配合,尤其是在对两国均具有战略利益的地区。而中美在敏感军事领域的有效合作将有助于进一步提升两国之间的战略互信。     

哥本哈根:气候变化并非童话

2009年12月19日,欧洲气温骤降、大雪纷飞,气象兆头不佳。最后一天的联合国气候变化大会全体会议推迟至凌晨3时10分开始。大会主席宣布讨论一份由二十多国草拟的《哥本哈根协议》。该协议草案共10页,包括全球温度控制长期目标、发达国家强制减排目标、发达国家资金支持等内容。     

Polish Return and Double Return Migration

Regional surveys indicate that about half the Poles who migrated since 2004 are living back in Poland. However, surveys of returnees also suggest that most are not committed to settling. This article explores why, looking at re-integration problems common worldwide, but also at the specifics of post-communist Poland, such as regional inequalities, job insecurity and low social trust. Although many returnees will continue to migrate temporarily, for others (notably those aged around 30) the experience of failed return to Poland inclines them to settle abroad. Such double return migrants engage in new, less transnational livelihood strategies, integrating more abroad and burning bridges back to Poland.     

Energy Security and Climate Change in the European Union,China and Latin American Relationships:Major Challenges and Areas of International Cooperation

The author discusses the subject in both ecological and political perspectives based on a most comprehensive,authoritative and updated bibliography.Hence,Latin America and the Caribbean(LAC) is as much diversified as there are sub-regions and regional organizations in geopolitical and geo-economical terms and often dialectic regarding energy security,climate change and LAC ties with Europeans and China and so is the tripartite relations with the rest of the world so far as energy security and climate cha...     

论碳外交与多边经贸外交的协调共进——以应对气候变化为视角

当前的外交领域尤以多边环境和多边经贸外交为重。以《联合国气候变化框架公约》为起点的应对气候变化领域的多边环境协议通过碳外交谈判的形式创造了减排温室气体的原则和框架体系,形成了激励不同发展层级的国家积极参与全球环境治理的灵活机制。同时,随着全球金融动荡引发的经济衰退不断加深,发达国家以应对气候变化为借口采取的以碳税为代表的新贸易保护主义又开始抬头,使既有的多边经贸规则面临冲击。因此,有必要将多边环境和多边经贸这两个外交领域的交叉问题通盘考虑,通过外交政策协调,促进应对气候变化的多变环境协议与维护自由贸易的世界贸易组织规则的完善,在保障国家利益的同时,实现国际环境治理和国际自由贸易的健康发展。     

Return of the Volksgeist

Sir Isaiah Berlin, who died in 1997, was a fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. One of the West's foremost political philosophers, he authored several seminal works, including Karl Marx, The Age of Enlightenment, Four Essays on Liberty, Vico and Herder and The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas .
We sat down for several rambling hours of conversation at a cafe in the small harbor in Portofino, Italy, at the end of the summer in 1991.     

Climate Instability,Urbanisation and International Migration

This paper focuses on climate-induced migration. We construct a simple theoretical model where, in a first step, climate shocks accelerate the transition from the traditional to the modern sector, leading rural workers to move to urban centres within national borders, while in a second step, downward pressures on wages due to the greater labour supply in cities push people to engage in international migration. To test this hypothesis, we exploit a rich panel dataset, displaying a representative picture of bilateral migration flows and climatic data across 222 countries for the period 1960–2000. Findings suggest that in the next few years the climate-induced growth rate of migrant stocks might be in a range between 8.6 per cent and 12.8 per cent, especially from developing countries, where the level of rural employment is more likely to be affected by climatic shocks.     

Planning,evaluation, and legislative capabilities

Virtually all examinations of governmental planning have been restricted to the executive branch. However, over the last fifty years, Congress has acquired a relatively sophisticated, though latent, planning capability which has greatly increased its potential for policy making that is both more anticipatory and more comprehensive. While the transformation of Congress from a quintessential liberal institution into an institution dominated by planning is certainly an unlikely prospect, the reforms of the 1970s, building on the reforms of 1946, have changed Congress significantly. These reforms have vastly expanded congressional sources of internal support, have created and enhanced external congressional support agencies, and have reorganized the internal structure of Congress. It is important to recognize the planning implications of each of the structural modifications, and grouping them all together as part of a grand congressional planning capability puts past reforms and proposals for future reforms in a new and enlightening perspective.