REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT: An Economic Study of the British Factory Inspectorate

The British Factory Inspectorate is the body responsible for enforcing occupational health and safety legislation in the manufacturing industries. The concept of economic efficiency is used to link the compartmentalized disciplines involved in regulation. Many enforcement practices in social regulation can be seen as attempts to minimize social costs of disobeying regulations subject to institutional, political, and budgetary constraints.     

浅述检察工作保障司法公正的作用

党的十六大报告提出,“社会主义司法制度必须保障在全社会实现公平和正义”。公平和正义历来是司法机关的灵魂和生命,也是司法工作的价值取向和追求目标,但长期以来不管是学术界还是实务界,对司法公正的研究和讨论往往较多地集中于法院的审判活动,而对检察工作在实现司法公正中     

Smokers vs. nonsmokers in the work place: clearing the air.

As the antismoking movement grows, employees are becoming more vociferous about their right to a work environment free from tobacco smoke and its toxic effects. In response to these concerns, ordinances regulating smoke in public places and in some cases banning it altogether have been passed in several states and some cities. Likewise, courts have addressed the issue of nonsmokers' rights in the work place. In the following article, the authors examine the scope of regulation thus far and the prospect of future regulation on smoking in the work place. They also examine court, National Labor Relations Board, and arbitration decisions that have dealt with the rights of smokers and nonsmokers.     

Smoking in the work place: a management perspective.

In the past, smoking in the private work place has been a matter left largely to the discretion of individual employees and employers. A recent poll of the nation's largest service and industrial companies indicates a strong employer preference for this noninterventionist approach by which employees work out smoking-related problems among themselves. Nonetheless, approximately eight states and four dozen localities have passed legislation regulating smoking in the private work place, apparently in response to the courts' reluctance to order such restrictions where the employer has undertaken reasonable efforts to accommodate smokers and nonsmokers. While these laws vary widely in their language and specifics, they may pose significant practical and compliance problems for employers. In the following article, the authors examine judicial, legislative, and employer responses to work-place smoking issues and discuss the options of private employers for coping with this problem.     

社区矫正与社会工作的关系

自2003年以来,社区矫正试点工作在我国广泛开展,初步形成了社区矫正制度.很多省市采纳社会工作专业力量助推社区矫正,取得了明显成效.但是,如何厘清社会工作在社区矫正中的地位和作用,直接关系到社会力量介入社区矫正的方式和效果.本文通过分析社区矫正与社会工作的关系,对社会工作在社区矫正中的定位进行了探讨.     

试析构建“和谐社会”进程中农民工犯罪问题

城市农民工是城市中的特殊群体。一直以来,由于受制度歧视,社会保障机制不完善等原因的影响,加之自身素质低下,造成了城市农民工的犯罪活动频繁发生,危害了安定的社会秩序,侵害了公民的人身和财产权益,激化了社会矛盾,增添了社会不稳定、不和谐的因素。因此,本文从构建和谐社会的视角着笔,重点分析了当前农民工犯罪的现状及产生原因,并就如何在新的形势下解决农民工犯罪问题提出了自己的看法和观点。     

The internal crisis of corrections: Professionalization and the work environment

Criminal justice policymakers and managers have viewed professionalization as a favored solution to the current crisis in correctional systems across the country. Utilizing case study data drawn from a state correctional system located in the western United States, we find that upgrading line correctional staff was a strategy used by top administrators to improve the image of their agency and maintain the autonomy of their prison system in the face of a threatened take-over by the federal court. However, in mandating the professionalization of their personnel, these managers failed to confront deeper organizational problems. Instead, they argued that an educated staff was the cure for acknowledged operational problems—including corruption and inhumane treatment. The failure to combine staff upgrading with more comprehensive organizational reforms merely heightened the frustrations within the workforce of the state's correctional institutions. In essence, these professionalization strategies represent a prime example of utilizing individual-level solutions to solve organizational-level problems.     

司法精神病学鉴定中工作方法及思维方法的研究现状

随着人们对司法精神病学专业越来越深入的认识，当前国内外一些专家已明确认识到科学的工作方法和思想方法对于取得正确鉴定方结论的重要意义，并集中很大精力进行了探讨和研究。本文从对刑事责任能力鉴定特殊性与困难性的认识，司法鉴定方法论问题的探讨以及重复鉴定的研究三个方面，对司法精神病学鉴定中工作方法和思维方法的认识和研究现状进行介绍。一、对刑事责任能力鉴定的特殊性与困难性刑事责任能力鉴定最主要的目的在于合理地解答说明被鉴定人的精神状态与本人违法行为之间的相互关系，帮助司法人员明确刑事被告人实施违法行为当时…     

司法精神病学鉴定中工作方法及思维方法的研究现状

随着人们对司法精神病学专业越来越深入的认识,当前国内外一些专家已明确认识到科学的工作方法和思想方法对于取得正确鉴定方结论的重要意义,并集中很大精力进行了探讨和研究.本文从对刑事责任能力鉴定特殊性与困难性的认识,司法鉴定方法论问题的探讨以及重复鉴定的研究三个方面,对司法精神病学鉴定中工作方法和思维方法的认识和研究现状进行介绍.     

铁路运输司法机构存废论

铁路运输专门司法机构的司法问题产生了一系列的社会矛盾,司法不公成为社会关注的焦点。其表现不但在理念选择上片面强调国家利益甚至是企业利益,牺牲社会正义和司法公正;而且行为方式上将行政权置于司法权之上,使国家司法行为蜕变为企业司法行为。由此带来诸多弊端并亟待消除。在改革的方式上,取消铁路运输法院是较为现实的选择。