论第三部门兴起下的公共政策

第三部门的兴起带来了公共政策过程的变革。它使公共政策成为社会治理体系中新的调节工具,并使公 共政策具有了新地位和新作用。第三部门的兴起展示了社会治理环境对公共政策的创新要求。     

Banking reforms and the evolution of cost efficiency in Indian public sector banks

This paper analyses the trends of cost efficiency and its components across Indian public sector banks (PSBs) during the post-deregulation period spanning from 1992/1993 to 2007/2008. The study also examines the issue of convergence in cost, technical and allocative efficiency levels of Indian PSBs. The empirical results indicate that deregulation has had a positive impact on the cost efficiency of Indian public sector banking industry over the period of study. Further, technical efficiency of Indian PSBs followed an uptrend, while allocative efficiency followed a path of deceleration. We note that in Indian public sector banking industry, the cost inefficiency is mainly driven by technical inefficiency rather than allocative inefficiency. The convergence analysis reveals that the inefficient PSBs are not only catching-up but also moving ahead of the efficient ones, i.e., the banks with the low level of cost efficiency at the beginning of the period are growing more rapidly than the highly cost efficient banks. In sum, the study confirms a strong presence of σ- and β-convergence in cost efficiency levels of Indian public sector banking industry.     

Factors affecting information utilization and change: The case of recreation research and river management in the public sector

The Journal of Technology Transfer - This research looked at the information transfer process between recreation researchers and managers. The objective was to identify personal and organizational...     

公安系统GIS应用中需要着力解决的问题

在公安系统中，地理信息系统（GIS）技术已不同程度地应用于指挥中心建设，人口管理，案事件管理，出租房屋、网吧等特行营业场所管理，移动目标位置服务，交通管理，应急救援，应急预案模拟演练等各个方面。在GIS应用中需要着力解决以下方面的问题：提高GIS技术的应用深度和广度，促进数据充分共享，增强数据的保密安全、实战化和辅助决策功能，研发微型化GPS移动终端和低成本的通用GIS系统平台等。     

公安系统GIS应用中需要着力解决的问题

在公安系统中,地理信息系统(GIS)技术已不同程度地应用于指挥中心建设,人口管理,案事件管理,出租房屋、网吧等特行营业场所管理,移动目标位置服务,交通管理,应急救援,应急预案模拟演练等各个方面.在GIS应用中需要着力解决以下方面的问题提高GIS技术的应用深度和广度,促进数据充分共享,增强数据的保密安全、实战化和辅助决策功能,研发微型化GPS移动终端和低成本的通用GIS系统平台等.     

Keeping the PEACE? A study of investigative interviewing practices in the public sector

Purpose. This study examined the interviewing ability of benefit fraud investigators, specifically examining the effects of training in the PEACE model. This model, preferred by the British police, is a mnemonic for the interview process: planning and preparation, engage and explanation, account, closure, and evaluation. Methods. An analysis was undertaken of 99 audiotapes of real‐life interviews with benefit fraud suspects, comparing performance levels between trained and untrained investigators, using an assessment scale consisting of 56 behavioural and procedural elements adapted from Clarke and Milne (2001) . Results. Some improvements were found in performance amongst the trained investigators notably with good practices being seen in the effective use of ‘open’ questions which facilitated increased information from suspects, in addition to a comprehensive fulfilment of the necessary legal requirements. Additionally, only rare occurrences were found of any unethical practices. However, the study also found little evidence of planning which was thought to affect interview content particularly in relation to their structure and flexibility. Concerns were also found with (i) shortfalls in rapport building, (ii) insufficient coverage of the points that required proving, (iii) failures to completely explore the suspect's motive and (iv) the lack of summarizing during the interview. Conclusions. The research found some performance improvement after interview training but this was insufficient to suggest a general trend towards increased professionalism. A need for further training was identified, both in the PEACE model and in other appropriate interviewing skills.     

The financial competition,concentration and structure of financial performance nexus in the financial sector of Oman

Economic Change and Restructuring - This study aimed to measure the impact of financial competition, as measured by the Lerner index (LRI) and the Panzar-Rosse model (PRM), and concentration, as...     

Why we need the independent sector: the behavior, law, and ethics of not-for-profit hospitals

Among the major forms of corporate ownership, the not-for-profit ownership form is distinct in its behavior, legal constraints, and moral obligations. A new empirical analysis of the American Hospital industry, using eleven years of data for all urban general hospitals in the country, shows that corporate form accounts for large differences in the provision of specific medical services. Not-for-profit hospitals systematically provide both private and public goods that are in the public interest, and that other forms fail to provide. Two hypotheses are proposed to account for the findings, one legal and one moral. While no causal claims are made, not-for-profit hospital behavior is consistent with the behavior required by law and morality. The moral argument, developed as a preliminary theory of not-for-profit ethics, also provides a potential reason to prefer not-for-profit hospitals. The findings provide a new justification for the not-for-profit tax exemption for hospitals, and also suggest new uses for ownership categories as regulatory tools.     

Market structure, performance, and efficiency of the Chinese banking sector

The Chinese banking system is evolving from a mono-bank system to one involving many banks of varied types and functions and there is a heated debate on whether competition can help to improve the performance and efficiency of the banks. This paper tests five hypotheses that have been proposed in the literature on the relationship between market structure, profitability, and efficiency using data envelopment analysis with a panel data of the 14 largest nationwide banks in China during the period of 1998–2007. The empirical results show clearly that neither the structure-conduct performance nor the efficient structure hypotheses hold in China. The strongest support is for the relative market power hypothesis that suggests that banks with differentiated services and products are those with higher market shares, and that they are able exercise their market power to obtain higher profits by setting higher prices. Technical efficiency has a significant effect upon bank profitability and the policy makers should promote further competition in the Chinese banking sector.     

Microgravity protein crystallization for drug development: a bold example of public sector entrepreneurship

The Journal of Technology Transfer - A basic mission of NASA is to use the United States’ segment of the International Space Station (ISS), designated a national laboratory, to facilitate the...     

The R&D performance of the South African manufacturing sector, 1970–1993

In this article we undertake a detailed exploration of the research and development activities in one particular middle-income country. We explore what the data from R&D surveys can tell us about the levels, the determinants and the effectiveness of R&D in the manufacturing sector. We point to some of the broader factors that may have influenced South Africa’s drive to improve the technological capacity of its manufacturing sector, but we mostly focus on those issues associated directly with R&D. We show that the degree of interaction between the different domains of R&D activity, business, government and the tertiary sector has been weak, and that the possibility of positive spill-overs between these domains has not been fully exploited. In addition, little or no policy intervention designed to stimulate R&D activity by industry has been deployed in South Africa. We find that South African R&D activity has mainly been reactive in character and suggest that this lies at the heart of South Africa’s mixed R&D performance in relation to other developing countries.     

Review of employee privacy issues: Implications for law enforcement and other public and private sector agencies

It has been predicted that the number of lawsuits filed for workplace privacy violations will increase over the next few years primarily because of advances in technological innovations and a change in how workplace privacy is defined. This could have implications for law enforcement agencies as well as other public and private sector agencies. This article examines current interpretations of workplace privacy both in the public and private sectors and how courts have traditionally ruled on various types of privacy issues.