隐私权制度中的权利冲突

现代社会,隐私权日益成为一项重要的人格权。基于隐私权概念的不确定性和法律的局限性,隐私权与其他权利的冲突不可避免。解决的方式有立法和司法两种。其中司法中的利益衡量方法发挥着重要作用。从类型化研究来看,隐私权与表达自由的冲突主要通过司法途径解决,而隐私权与知情权的冲突则主要通过立法途径解决。     

论临床教学实践与患者隐私权保护

医学教育临床教学实践要求对患者隐私权进行保护,临床教学实践必须获得患者的知情同意,并符合一定的构成要件。     

我国人权保障中"有限制"沉默权制度

人与人之间权利的和谐是构建和谐社会的重要标志,沉默权是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的一项重要的诉讼权利,是对国家公权的制约,它是和谐人权社会的重要内容,没有沉默权的权利体系是不完备的权利体系.沉默权制度是刑事诉讼进步的标志,作为一种成熟的法律制度,沉默权制度在司法和审判的实践中起到了不容忽视的作用.我国目前的人权保障制度正日益完善,中国实行这项制度的时机已经逐渐成熟.本文通过对沉默权的论述,结合我国具体的司法实际,阐述在我国设立有限制沉默权对于构建和谐人权社会具有重要意义.     

Data protection: The future of privacy

The Art. 29 Working Party (hereinafter “Art. 29 WP”) is an influential body comprised of representatives from the Member State Data Protection Authorities² established under the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC, has recently issued an opinion with the Working Party on Police and Justice. This is quite significant, since the opinion sets out some of the issues that will need to be addressed in the lead up to the revision of the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC.³ This comes at a time, when there have been discussions on the current application of the European Data Protection Directive to the internet,⁴ (such as social networking) and the recent European Commission’s consultation on the legal framework for the fundamental right to protection of personal data. Not least, there have been a number of cases brought before the European Court of Justice dealing with the partial implementation of the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC.⁵The aim of this paper is to consider in detail the issues set out by the Art. 29 WP and the likely challenges in revising the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC.     

Conflicts and coordination between the right to issue US dollars as international currency and the protection of international human rights

In the existing global financial system, the US private central bank controls the right to issue international currency, while the rest of the world have to involuntarily leave their destiny to such system. In the current financial crisis, American government evaded and deviated from due regulation. It is virtually a robbery of other countries as well as a serious infringement upon international human rights. In such a situation, other countries should stick to the international community standard and the protection of international human rights to fairly distribute the interest deriving from the right to issue international currency, and establish a monetary exchange mechanism; or abide by the principle of “one world, one currency” and accordingly come up with a common international currency, or form a monetary union to safeguard the economic sovereignties; or enhance the due position, rights and interest of the developing economies in the existing international financial system; or strengthen efforts in reforming and building the regime of international financial regulation to prevent people’s legitimate property, rights and interest from being infringed.     

犯罪控制与人权保护

犯罪从根本上说是对人的权利的侵犯。惩罚犯罪、控制犯罪是人权保护的应有之义。然而,惩罚犯罪、控制犯罪语境中的人权保护主要是保护遭受犯罪侵害的被害人的权利。事实上,在作为惩罚犯罪载体的刑事诉讼中,人权保护的概念涉及犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、被害人和其他诉讼参与人的诉讼     

隐私权:刑事程序基本权

隐私权是宪法权利,亦是刑事程序基本权.隐私权作为刑事程序调整的重要范围,保护着个人对刑法执行至关重要的有罪或者无罪信息的私有,以及对不让政府插手的个人信息的享有.加强刑事领域的隐私权保护,意味着要在政府的规范需要和个人隐私权益上达成大量开放式的司法平衡,对政府操纵背景条件的能力进行有限限制.漠视隐私权的刑事程序比我们想象的更具有事实性的恶果,其对事实结果的影响可能导致一些不良趋势.为此,应关注作为宪法权利的隐私权在刑事诉讼中的属性、价值及作用,加大对我国刑事程序中隐私权的保护.     

The Supreme Court's spring term: abortion, the right to die, and the decline of privacy rights

Wing analyzes the constitutional significance and the important long-term implications for health policy of three 1990 U.S. Supreme Court decisions: Hodgson v. Minnesota, Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, and Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health. Hodgson and Ohio upheld state statutes requiring parental notification of a minor's impending abortion. Cruzan upheld a state court decision refusing to allow the family of a patient in a persistent vegetative state to discontinue life-sustaining treatment. Wing argues that these decisions reach far beyond "the abortion issue" or "the right to die." Not only have they narrowed the constitutional protection of individual privacy, but they allow states to regulate activities like abortion in a manner that indicates that the Court is prepared to repeal the notion that individual privacy is entitled to enhanced judicial protection.     

论网络时代隐私权及其法律保护

随着网络规模的爆炸性扩张,计算机网络技术已经改变了人们传统的生存和生活方式,这也使得个人隐私权的保护受到前所未有的严峻挑战。个人数据被非法收集、储存、使用和传播的现象层出不穷,网络隐私权受到多方面的侵犯。我们应综合考虑目前的立法状况和网络时代侵犯隐私权的特征,借鉴他国的先进经验并结合我国具体国情,以国家立法与行业自律相结合的方式,全面保护公民的网络隐私权。     

论网络空间个人隐私权的法律保护

计算机信息网络技术的迅猛发展 ,使得网络空间的个人隐私受到前所未有的严峻挑战。这种状况已经严重阻碍了电子商务和网络经济的进一步发展。强化对网络空间的个人数据和隐私权的法律保护 ,已成为国际社会立法的当务之急。本文从隐私权的传统界定与保护入手 ,引出网络隐私权的内容和保护领域 ;在此基础上论述了现阶段网络空间存在的侵犯个人隐私权的种种现象 ,揭示了保护网络隐私权的迫切性与必要性 ;最后介绍了美国和欧盟两种不同的法律保护体系的特点 ,借鉴先进法域的立法经验并结合我国目前的现状 ,提出了我国网络空间个人隐私权保护的立法建议     

Tax treaties with developing countries and the allocation of taxing rights

Worldwide income taxation in the country of residence is a legal dogma of international taxation. We question this dogma from the perspective of relations between developed and developing countries from legal and economic perspectives, and make a modern and fair proposal for tax treaties. We show under which conditions a developing and a developed country will voluntarily sign a tax treaty where the developing country is more inclined to share the information with the developed country and whether they should share revenues. Moreover, we demonstrate how the conclusion of a tax treaty can assist in the implementation of a tax audit system in the developing country.