Policy implications of the diffusion and control of medical technology.

Medical technology has become a controversial national policy issue, largely because of rapidly rising national health expenditures and their relation to medical technology. These costs are increasingly viewed in relation to benefits or effectiveness. Attempts to control medical technology, to consider benefits in relation to costs, have largely been regulatory, and have failed to ameliorate cost rises. This failure has stimulated consideration of the reimbursement system as a controlling device. The Medicare program already has developed a rather formal process for making reimbursement decisions based on technology assessments. However, fundamental reform of the reimbursement system seems necessary to counter perverse incentives built into payment. Recent proposals to shift to prospective payment is an example of such a change. However, the basically private nature of the health care system and the limited leverage of the Medicare program limits the power of the federal government to make change.     

Tradeable emission permits and the control of greenhouse gases

This article reiterates the case for tradeable permits as a global policy option for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, and considers the detailed design of a global tradeable‐permit regime, emphasising the importance of the initial assignment of property rights, and arguing that the relevant property rights in this case are the rights of every member of the world community to share in a sustainable global atmosphere and climate. The allocation of permits should therefore be done on a per capita basis across the world community, with the result that rents generated by the process of reducing carbon emissions would accrue to non‐polluters, most of whom live in the ‘South’. The international transfers of income and wealth implied by the proposed scheme are large but feasible. There is therefore a real prospect that an international convention on carbon dioxide emissions could end the debt crisis and finance sustainable development in the South..     

美国联邦反儿童性侵害犯罪立法沿革及评介

随着美国儿童受到性侵害的案件的发生和广泛报道,美国联邦开始制定相应法律来保护儿童不受性侵害,主要有《雅各·威特灵侵害儿童和性暴力罪犯登记法令》、《梅根法》、《帕姆·林彻尔关于性罪犯追踪迹身份识别法令》等,其内容主要包括性犯罪者的登记、公开等制度。其内容不断的完善,但也存在无法得到实际落实等问题。     

英国青少年犯罪预防的经验

笔者在英国进行了为期半年公共管理专业学习,特别是到司法行政机构进行岗位实习,了解司法体系运作的全面状况。在学习与实践中,对英国预防未成年人犯罪工作给予了重点关注,现结合我国实际,就如何借鉴他国经验,加强我国青少年犯罪预防工作,谈点粗浅的想法。     

学校与青少年犯罪防范：以社会控制理论为基础

社会控制理论是犯罪社会学中研究青少年犯罪问题最有影响的理论,获得大量实证研究的支持。本文以社会控制理论为基础,以学校为出发点,就如何防范青少年犯罪提出了一些设想。本人希望,通过分析、研究和借鉴社会控制理论,扩大我们当前研究青少年犯罪的理论视野,弥补研究中的缺失。     

互联网络动员与新型网络政党的萌生——从2003年迪恩的选战说起

自从1969年美国国防部高级研究计划署启动计算机互联网技术研究以来，网络技术迅猛发展，为人们在现实的生活中建造了一个虚拟的空间。30多年来，这一虚拟空间从根本上重塑了人们的生活方式。20世纪后期，信息和互联技术逐渐渗透到政治生活当中，对各国的政治发展产生了重大影响。由于信息化的关系，包括政党在内许多传统政治主体的结构、理念和行为都出现了较大的变化。21世纪初，在互联网络技术的发源地美国，人们看到了一场深深打上信息时代印记的网络政治动员。在这一动员过程中，