国家创新:制度与观念的变革

建设创新型国家作为中国社会新时期的发展战略,其内涵不仅仅局限于技术和微观经济制度的创新层面,更需要一种全方位的社会制度的变革和观念的革新.要大力提升整个社会的自组织能力,推动整个社会的管理体制、生产和生活方式的变革；要适应时代的复杂性和不确定性,探索创新的内在规律,建立一种学习型战略,增进战略思维能力.     

地方工科院校毕业设计“创新模式和创新能力”的探索与实践

毕业设计对工科院校学生创新能力的培养起着举足轻重的作用,阐述了现有毕业设计的局限性与不足之处,针对如何培养学生的创新能力进行了探讨,分析了在毕业设计类型划分、保障制度以及实施步骤等环节中的创新能力培养的方法,通过开展多种模式的毕业设计以更好地培养学生的创新能力,最后通过建立完整的毕业设计操作规范和切实可行的实施步骤,以达到改革现有毕业设计的目的。     

论制药企业思想政治工作创新策略

近年来,我国制药企业在激烈的市场竞争中,其生存和发展环境正发生着复杂而深刻的变化,制药企业的思想政治工作遇到了大量的新情况,面临着一些新挑战。因此,制药企业的思想政治工作也的创新显得尤为重要。     

智慧资本、表征资本、产业资本与北京文化创意产业

本文从"智慧资本"、"表征资本"和"产业资本"三个方面论述了北京文化创意产业的概念,提出以创新为"智慧资本",以文化为"表征资本",以产业为"经济资本",构建以"创意"为本体,"文化"和"产业"为资本构架,"智慧资本"为自主创新动力的文化创意产业。     

技术创新资源对技术创新绩效影响的实证研究

本文从创新资源的角度分析了我国52个国家高新区研发经费投入和人员素质水平对技术创新绩效的影响。基于2005-2007年三年的面板数据,我们发现,研发经费投入对高新区技术创新绩效具有正效应,而人员素质水平对其具有负向影响;同时研发经费投入和人员素质水平会交互影响技术创新绩效。     

社会管理创新理念下的反腐倡廉建设

社会管理创新是指政府和社会为实现社会系统的良性发展,建构新的社会管理体制和机制,实现对社会公共事务有效治理的一系列过程。在社会管理方式不断创新的今天,各地反腐倡廉建设中也出现了一些新的方式和手段,取得了一定成效,但也有一些让人感觉流于形式,力量单一、薄弱,未能形成社会反腐合力。针对此种情况,今后应该选择促进社会管理创新、弘扬全民廉洁道德、抑制贿赂腐败犯罪三位一体的反腐倡廉路径,从理念的更新、主体的拓展、手段的多元化、制度的完善、法律的健全等多个渠道,全面推进反腐倡廉建设。     

基于创新能力培养的大学生信息素质教育

建设创新型国家,要靠创新型人才。本文阐述了信息素质教育在大学生创新能力培养中的作用,对高校如何围绕创新人才培养开展信息素质教育提出了一些看法。     

Where Science Comes to Life: University Bioscience, Commercial Spin-offs, and Regional Economic Development

Biotechnology, rather than being defined as a distinct industry like steelmaking or shipbuilding, is instead a scientific knowledge base—a rapidly evolving technology—that has economically valuable applications in such diverse industries as pharmaceuticals, medical diagnostics, agriculture, bioenvironmental remediation, and chemical processing. Biotechnology has captured the imagination of ambitious scientific investigators and investors seeking high rates of return, as well as state economic development officials who hope to anchor the industry in their locality and reap the industry's economic and employment rewards. Biotech is still at an early stage of its development, and there are many competing hypotheses about its future development. Most importantly, biotechnology involves the commercialization of science resources in which the federal and state governments have made substantial investment. One key question is how to leverage this investment for future economic growth. This article explores the policy issue related to the commercialization of biotechnology, its role as an engine of economic development, and the appropriate public policy response.     

Innovative work behaviour in the public sector: The roles of task characteristics,social support,and proactivity

This study examines the roles of task characteristics, organisational social support, and individual proactivity on innovative work behaviour (IWB) in the public sector. Analysing empirical data from 154 employees from a government agency in Australia, we found that task characteristics, organisational social support, and proactive personality have a positive impact on IWB. Proactive personality is also found to be a moderator in the relationship between task characteristics and IWB. The findings suggest the need to design human resource practices that better identify proactive and innovative job applicants in the recruitment and selection process. Further, we highlight the requirement to organise and design work that recognises the need to develop social support to improve IWB. The implications of the study for further research on IWB are discussed.     

培养大学生创新意识是国家创新体系可持续发展的要求

国家创新体系建设是提升国家科技竞争力、提高国家综合实力的一项战略。大学作为国家创新体系建设的主体，承载着培养高素质的创新人才的重任。大学生是国家、民族的未来，大学生创新意识、创业精神的培养直接影响着国家创新体系的可持续发展，也是高等院校实践科学发展观的本质要求，必须加强对大学生创新意识、创业精神的培养途径的探讨与研究。     

共享经济下企业的组织资源贡献行为及创新绩效——基于中国三大高新区高技术企业的定性比较分析

资源贡献行为对于共享经济模式下企业构建自身竞争优势具有重要意义。借助动机—机会—能力(M-O-A)框架构建企业资源贡献的理论模型,并探讨产业竞合与组织因素的组合对创新绩效的作用机制,有助于厘清资源贡献行为及构成,了解资源贡献行为促进创新绩效提升的作用机制。以北京中关村示范区、苏州工业园区和天津经济技术开发区的中国高新技术企业为研究样本,运用定性比较分析法探讨资源贡献行为的动机、机会、能力要素与产业环境因素对企业创新绩效的组配效应。研究发现了可实现高水平创新绩效的6种路径,即反应型资源贡献、研发—能力利用型资源贡献、(利用式)能力塑造型资源贡献、(获取式)能力塑造型资源贡献、动机驱使型资源贡献、资源捕捉型资源贡献,为企业提升创新绩效提供可行的策略选择。     

产业政策如何驱动中国应急产业发展?——基于应急产业政策的文本分析

在风险社会背景下,公共安全管理对应急产品和服务的需求不断增长,应急产业应运而生。国家自2007年开始陆续出台政策引导应急产业发展,随着2018年应急管理部的成立,一系列产业政策及措施正越来越成为规范和驱动应急产业发展的重要力量。构建"主体—工具—价值链"三维政策分析框架,采用内容分析法,对国家层面36项政策进行的文本分析显示:我国应急产业政策在主体维度上,呈现"简单"多元化特征;政策工具选择上,供给型政策工具使用过度,需求型政策工具使用不足;在创新价值链维度上,研发阶段政策供给过度,试验、产业化阶段政策覆盖不足。基于此,产业政策驱动应急产业发展需要从政策主体、政策工具和政策价值链三个维度同时推进。     

图形推理研究

对于人类的智能而言,抽象推理和形象推理缺一不可,而图形推理是形象推理非常重要的形式。积极、深入地开展图形推理规律的研究,对于揭示人类智能的本质、进一步开发人类的智力潜能具有非常重要的理论意义。图形推理是以推理为主、其他思维方式为辅的综合性思维过程;图形推理的有效性既考虑图形在空间形式结构上的联系,又考虑图形与图形之间内容上的联系;图形推理的结论有些是确定的,有些是不确定的,图形推理培养的是发散型思维。图形推理可以分为必然型和或然型、确定型和不确定型、直指型和意谓型、平面型和立体型等多种不同的推理形式。图形推理具有重要的创新功能。     

Homeownership and Nontraditional and Subprime Mortgages

This article documents the growth and geographic distribution of nontraditional mortgages (NTMs) and subprime mortgages during 2000-2006, and examines the association between these products and homeownership at the county level between 2000 and 2012. It finds a significant relationship between the origination of NTM and subprime mortgages during the boom and changes in the number of homeowners (positive during the 2000-2006 period and negative during the 2006-2012 period) but no significant relationship with the change in the homeownership rate. Looking at specific categories of the population, the results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of NTMs and subprime mortgages and increased numbers of homeowners for young households as well as for low income and minority households, but the relationship is smaller than for the general population. Overall, the relationship between NTMs and homeownership is stronger than the relationship between subprime mortgages and homeownership during the boom and it is less negative during the bust.     

Civic engagement and participation among Ghanaian and Kenyan students and their correlates

This article examines levels of civic engagement among university students in Ghana and Kenya and identifies factors that may account for their civic engagement. Overall, the students reported low civic engagement, with the Kenyans reporting higher engagement. Demographic factors (gender and age) and personal values hardly contributed to the students’ civic engagement. Political interest and attentiveness, barriers and motivation towards participation made a consistent and significant contribution to political participation and future participation. Furthermore, trust, social endorsement and social efficacy showed a consistent and significant contribution to civic engagement. The findings underscore the need to work towards getting the youth more engaged.     

Concept and Politics in Derrida and Deleuze

Abstract

This paper points to significant similarities between the political orientations of Deleuze and Derrida. Derrida's appeal to a pure form of existing concepts (absolute hospitality, pure forgiveness, and so on) parallels Deleuze and Guattari's distinction between relative and absolute ‘deterritorialisation’. In each case, the absolute form of the concept is a condition of the possibility of change.     

Between ballots and bullets: elections and citizenship in and beyond the nation-state

This article approaches electoral acts and performances as central sites for the negotiation of citizenship relations. I argue that, in order to understand how these relationships are shaped, we must attend to governmental actors beyond the nation-state, from trade unions to criminal organizations. Focusing on the case of Jamaica, I show how non-state actors have come to play a central role in hybrid forms of governance, shaping citizens' allegiances to multiple, overlapping political communities. How are campaigning and voting affected by such multiple allegiances? What new understandings of citizenship can we develop if we take the role of non-state actors in the electoral process seriously? I suggest that we should study elections as a site where citizenship – understood here in its broad sense of membership of a political community – can develop both within and beyond the nation-state.     

Ontological Anti-naturalism and the Emergence of Life and Mind: Castoriadis and Deacon

This essay compares the ideas of Cornelius Castoriadis and Terrence W. Deacon. Castoriadis’s anti-Naturalistic ontology, with its conception of radical ontological creation and fundamental indeterminacy, along with his analysis of the category of the “for-itself”, comprising all subjective beings from the living organism to the social-historical, is compared to Deacon’s exploration of the emergence of life and mind, which sees the emergence of teleological beings as resulting from the creation of form-generating constraints that involve new types of dynamic process. Significant parallels and convergences between Castoriadis and Deacon are uncovered and explored.