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D. Hugh Whittaker Tianbiao Zhu Timothy Sturgeon Mon Han Tsai Toshie Okita 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2010,45(4):439-467
In this paper we argue that the path of economic development for would-be developers has changed fundamentally since the 1980s.
Focusing on East Asia, and taking a broad perspective that spans the economic and social dimensions of development, we contend
that the path charted by the “late development” model has become all but impassible. The path is now better conceived as one
of “compressed development.” Key differences are 1) the extent and consequences of compression; 2) the primary mode of engagement
with the world economy—via global value chains; and 3) the interaction of these. Compressed development forces states to address
a number of simultaneous challenges, resulting in “policy stretch.” We identify key features of an “adaptive state” suited
to navigating the path of compressed development. 相似文献
3.
A. Aggarwal 《发展研究杂志》2013,49(3):119-137
This article tests two empirical hypotheses: one, MNE affiliates perform distinctly better than their local counterparts in the export markets in a globalised economy, and two, the MNE affiliates have greater comparative advantages in high-tech than in low- and medium-tech industries. Tobit estimates of a large data set of Indian manufacturing firms for the late 1990s provide relatively weak support to the first hypothesis. A disaggregated industry-group-wise analysis indicates that MNE affiliates perform no better than their local counterparts in high-tech industries. Thus, even with a higher level of integration with the global economy in the 1990s India appears to have failed in attracting efficiency-seeking FDI on a significant scale, particularly in high-tech industries. R&D and efficiency of manpower emerge as two significant determinants of international competitiveness in technology-based sectors (high- and medium-high tech sectors). Imports of raw materials enhance the export competitiveness of firms in all industry groups. Finally, large firms are found to be more export oriented, implying the need for creating large flagship companies in the country. 相似文献
4.
Gamaliel Perruci Steven E. Sanderson 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1989,24(3):30-50
Latin American populism has been characterized as a time-bound phenomenon, part of the political revolution against the old
agricultural oligarchy and accompanying import-substitution industrialization. It has been asserted that populism died with
the “exhaustion” of the “easy phase” of import-substitution, and that bureaucratic authoritarian regimes were predicated on
that demise. Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and Peru are regularly cited as evidence.
This article examines these definitional premises in light of the apparent resurgence of populist politics in the democratic
transition in Brazil. It is argued that populism is not a pre-1964 anachronism, but is predictably appealing in the 1980s.
Distinctions among populistappeals, contention for power, andsuccessful populist order suggest that populism and its leaders offer a very limited alternative to the future of Brazilian politics.
Gamaliel Perruci, Jr., a native Brazilian, is a doctoral student in political science at the University of Florida. He is
currently conducting research on Brazilian industrial and trade policy.
Steven E. Sanderson is professor of political science at the University of Florida. His most recent book isThe Transformation of Mexican Agriculture: International Structure and the Politics of Rural Change (Princeton University Press, 1986). He is currently completing a book entitledThe Politics of Trade in Latin American Development. 相似文献
5.
Steve Weber Jennifer Bussell 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2005,40(2):62-84
Digital technologies are sufficiently disruptive to current ways of doing things to call into question assumptions about the
“inevitability” or “natural state” of many economic processes and organizational principles. In particular, the impact of
digital technologies on our conceptions of property rights has potentially dramatic implications for the North-South divide
and the distribution of power in the global political economy. Drawing on recent experiences with open-source property rights
regimes, we present two scenarios, the “imperialism of property rights” and the “shared global digital infrastructure,” to
highlight how debates over property-rights could influence the development of the global digital infrastructure and, in turn,
contribute to significantly different outcomes in global economic power.
Steve Weber is director of, the Institute of International Studies and professor of political science at the University of
California, Berkeley. His most recent book,The Success of Open Source, was published in April 2004 by Harvard University Press.
Jennifer Bussell is a doctoral candidate in political science at the University of California, Berkeley. Her research is on
the political determinants of information and communication technology access in developing countries. 相似文献
6.
Peter Evans 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2002,37(2):54-60
Conclusion Sen showed his usual wisdom and astute judgement in keeping his argument carefully focused and, therefore, elegant and compelling.
Nonetheless, the understanding and pursuit of “development as freedom” must go beyond the arguments he lays out. As the global
political economy moves with ever greater determination toward the implantation of more thoroughly marketized economic relations,
analysts must correspondingly focus more closely on how to prevent market-based power inequalities from undermining “development
as freedom.” Centralization of power over the cultural flows that shape preferences is a more subtle form of “unfreedom” than
those which Sen highlights, but no less powerful for being subtle. Institutional strategies for facilitating collective capabilities
are as important to the expansion of freedom as sustaining formal electoral institutions. Indeed, without possibilities for
collective mobilization formal elections too easily become a hollow farce. Sen’s capability approach provides an invaluable
analytical and philosophical foundation for those interested in pursuing development as freedom, but it is a foundation that
must be built on, not just admired.
Peter Evans is professor in the Sociology Department at the University of California, Berkeley. His current research interests
focus on globalization and global governance institutions, and their effects on ordinary citizens. He has written numerous
articles and books on subjects ranging from globalization, the role of the state in industrial development, and urban environmental
issues. A current project supported by the Russell Sage Foundation examines possibilities for constructing North-South links
between labor movements as a strategy for increasing the bargaining power of labor movements in the global South. 相似文献
7.
Helena Chmielewska-Szlajfer 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2010,23(4):201-211
In 2001, Joanna Rajkowska, a Polish contemporary artist, made a trip to Israel, after which she decided to make people aware
of the significance of Warsaw’s Jerusalem Avenue [Aleje Jerozolimskie], one of the Polish capital’s main streets. She intended
to point out the street’s history in a vacuum, as she claimed, caused by the absence of Jewish community after World War II.
She “planted” an artificial palm tree—in her view a plant typical of Jerusalem streets—in the middle of a major traffic circle
in the center of Warsaw. Even though Rajkowska made a project based on “just” one of the forgotten pasts, it revealed a whole
new potential for “other” pasts in that particular space, which suddenly became impossible to be taken for granted as they
had been before. Furthermore, the artist opened a new social space in which pasts were brought back to interact with the present.
The palm quickly became the object and symbol of much more contemporary Polish struggles: for gay rights, for nurses’ wages,
for liberal values, and the right to think differently. Rajkowska’s palm tree managed to bring these and many other issues
to the general public, to make it aware of the everyday inhabited space, to make that space visible—with all its ambiguities,
different layers of meanings, interpretations of the past, and visions of the future—while transforming that very public along
the way. 相似文献
8.
Recently, there has been considerable excitement about the economic potential of the “developmental network state”—decentralized
government policies that successfully accelerated growth in several high- and medium-income countries. The question remains
whether such a strategy could be successful in less-developed nations whose scientific and technological resources were relatively
limited. This paper analyzes the trajectory of Chile, a Southern country which, despite adverse conditions, managed to produce
something akin to an economic miracle during the last few decades. Our argument is that Chile’s success was based on the developmental
network state strategy. Moreover, we highlight the centrality to understanding the Chilean experience of the concept of “network
failures”—a common phenomenon that occurs when domestic production would be best served by network forms of organization but
for a variety of reasons, these networks either fail to materialize or fail to take hold (Schrank and Whitford 2011). Over and over again, we see that the logic behind the actions of the Chilean state was to provide resources that reduced
the likelihood of network failures. We examine three case studies of successful export sectors: salmon; wine; and fruit and
vegetables. The paper outlines some of the challenges faced by the Chilean model and assesses its long-term viability. 相似文献
9.
Chi CC 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1994,29(2):23-47
During the 1980s, economic development in Taiwan received much attention in development studies. The “Taiwan miracle” has
made Taiwan rich and famous. This article examines an often ignored aspect of development—environmental quality—and argues
that Taiwan has achieved “growth with pollution” that will not increase but decrease the welfare of the people in the long
run. The root cause of Taiwan's environmental degradation rests on the obsession with fast economic growth at any cost by
the powerful coalition between the ruling Kuomington and the capitalists. The article argues that the case of Taiwan is far
from being a “model” for developing countries. Taiwan's experience of “growth with pollution,” on the contrary, should stand
as a warning to other developing countries pursuing similar development paths.
Chun-Chieh Chi received his B.A. in sociology from Tunghai University in Taiwan, and his M.A. and Ph.D. in sociology from
State University of New York at Buffalo. He is assistant professor of sociology at the University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104.
His research interests include sustainable development in Taiwan and Kenya, indigenous people and the environment, and women
and the environment in developing countries. 相似文献
10.
This article discusses the strengths and weakness of world-system theorizing in the light of recent geopolitical changes and
the emergence of new “shatter zones” in the world economy. It also examines the relationship between hegemonic social sciences
and the crisis of the world-system. Thus, it argues, the idiographic tradition that emerged in the nineteenth century pushed
us in the direction of specialization and micro-analysis at a time when a global perspective and comparative, interdisciplinary
analysis could have offered deeper insights into the nature and direction of social and geopolitical change in the modern
world. It also suggests that the nomothetic tradition which emerged in the 1960s is being revived in order to push us away
from structuralist explanation and in the direction of atheoretical and quantitative analysis. The article concludes with
a brief discussion on the organization and political problems confronting antisystemic movements in the modern world.
Dr. James Mac laughlin is on the faculty of the geography department at University College, Cork, Ireland. His most recent
publications include “Defending the Frontiers: The Political Geography of Race and Racism in the European Community” (1993)
andEmigration and the Peripheralization of Ireland in the World Economy: A World-Perspective on Irish Emigration (1993). 相似文献
11.
James Giordano Paul J. Hutchison Roland A. J. Benedikter 《International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society》2010,23(1):29-41
This article analyzes the role and the status of medicine within the “post-modern” culture(s) of the West. As we know, culture
is a major factor that influences the perception, the interpretation, and the expectations toward medicine, medical institutions,
medical politics, and the persons involved with them. When culture changes, the social construct called “medicine” changes.
Today, the Western condition of “post-modernity” finds itself in a process of rapid change due to the “global systemic shift”
that is manifesting since a couple of years within all four main systemic logics and discoursive patterns of Western societies:
in culture, religion, politics, and economics. In this situation, the article tries to elaborate on crucial questions about
how a contemporary social philosophy of medicine can be delineated within the current “global systemic shift” and what some
consequences and perspectives could be. It pleas for an integrative philosophy of medicine which has to strive to re-integrate
the “(de) constructivist” patterns of “nominalistic” post-modern thought (dedicated primarily to freedom and equality) with
the “idealistic” patterns of “realistic” neo-humanism (dedicated primarily to the “essence” of human dignity and the possibility
of intersubjective morality). Only the institution of a balanced “subjective-objective” paradigm can ensure medicine its appropriate
place, role, and status within our rapidly changing society. 相似文献
12.
Fatos Tarifa Jay Weinstein 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1995,30(4):63-77
In several of the central and eastern European nations, the fall of Communism has initiated a new round of political intolerance
that threatens to destroy the foundations of their fragile democratic regimes. Campaigns of lustration (political “cleansing”)
have imposed ideological tests for employment and political participation in the Balkan countries and in parts of the former
Soviet Union. The small, poor nation of Albania has been especially seriously impacted by this atmosphere of vengeacean against
ex-Communists and their families. Justified by the principles of destructive entitlement—reminiscent of ancient cultural rituals
of blood retribution—journalists have been arrested, members of the opposition have been imprisoned, and University programs
have been suspended. In response to Albania’s plight, and to a similar pattern of civil rights abuses in neighboring countries,
social scientists have begun to analyze the powerful role played by the “past-in-the-present” in current reconstruction efforts.
As Jurgen Habermas, Adam Michnik, Seymour Martins Lipset, and others have noted, a new “culture of forgiveness” may well be
a necessary condition for the development of stable and authentic democratic societies in the region.
Fatos Tarifa is currently at the Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He received his Ph.D.
in Political Science from the University of Tirana in 1985. He is director of the New Sociological Research Center (NSRC)
in Tirana, Albania, and is the author of several books and journal articles, including a 1991 bookIn Search of the Sociological Fact (published in Albanian). Jay Weinstein is a professor of sociology at Eastern Michigan University. He has travelled widely
in the Third World and in Central and Eastern Europe. Author of numerous books, journal articles, and chapters, he is currently
working on a volume entitledSocial and Cultural Change: Social Science for a Dynamic World (forthcoming in 1997 by Allyn & Bacon Publishers). 相似文献
13.
Bahrain and Kuwait adopted sharply divergent responses to the economic crisis in the Gulf during the 1980s. The Bahraini government
reduced the level of state intervention in the local economy, opened up opportunities for private investment and relied on
the operation of the unregulated market; Kuwait's government, on the other hand, imposed a greater degree of state supervision
over domestic economic affairs and expanded central planning to allocate resources to the most profitable enterprises. Two
influential bodies of neo-Marxist writing on the state—the state-derivation school and the writings of Claus Offe—have difficulty
accounting for these differences. A more adequate explanation for Bahraini and Kuwaiti policy can be formulated in terms of
the strength of each country's indigenous rich merchant community relative to that of the ruling family/central administration
and the political activities of the labor movement in each amirate.
Fred H. Lawson is associate professor, Department of Government, Mills College, Oakland, CA 94613. He received his Ph.D. from
UCLA in 1982 and has also taught at the University of North Carolina and Smith College. His most recent publications include
“Political-economic trends in Ba'thi Syria: a reinterpretation,”Orient 29 (December 1988) and “Libéralisation économique en Syrie et Irak,”Maghred/Machrek 128 (April–May 1990). He is currently exploring the connection between class conflict and foreign policy in contemporary
Syria and Iraq. 相似文献
14.
Tulia G. Falleti 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2011,46(2):137-162
While much has been written about democracy and democratization, far less attention has been paid to the institutional organization
of authoritarian regimes. Scholars have focused on the causes, economic policies, societal support, intra-elite conflicts,
or human-rights violations of authoritarian regimes. More recently, political scientists have also studied the role of elections
and legislatures on the survival of authoritarian regimes. However, the very different ways in which authoritarian regimes,
and military regimes in particular, organize the government, occupy the state apparatus, and modify the country’s political
institutions have largely gone under-theorized. This essay contributes to fill in this void by analyzing how the last military
regimes of Argentina (1976–1983) and Brazil (1964–1985) organized power within the state and the legacies of such organization
on the institutions of federalism. The essay argues that variation in the organization of the state under the military regimes
accounts for the divergent origins of post-developmental decentralization, which in turn explains the contrasting evolution
of intergovernmental relations in each country. The article contributes to the recent literature on electoral authoritarian
regimes by showing that elections and legislatures matter not only to regime survival but also to policy outcomes. 相似文献
15.
Eun Mee Kim 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》1989,24(4):24-45
The relationship between foreign capital and state autonomy is investigated in the rapidly developing South Korean economy.
The changing composition and the sectoral distribution of the different types of foreign capital, the role of the Korean state
in the acquisition and distribution of foreign capital, and the implications of foreign capital on the autonomy and capacity
of the state are studied. The findings show that public loans and state-guaranteed commercial loans in the 1960s and 1970s
have supported and strengthened state autonomy, while direct foreign investment (DFI) and commercial loans in the 1980s could
potentially undermine it. Significant changes in the 1980s—rapid increase of Japanese DFI in hotels, commerical loans behaving
more like DFI, and changing industrial orientation of the Korean economy toward more high-technology sectors—suggest that
the types of foreign capital which are more independent of state control and more keen on market signals will increase in
the future. This has importnat implications for future Korean economic development.
Eun Mee Kim is an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Southern California. Kim has been conducting research
on various topics of economic development and political development in South Korea and East Asia, and has published inPacific Focus, andThe Journal of Developing Societies. Kim’s current research includes the industrial organization and growth of the “chaebol” (business conglomerates) in Korea;
the political economy of MNC investment by U.S. and Japanese corporations; and economic liberalization and political democratization
in Korea and Taiwan. 相似文献
16.
Axel Hadenius Jan Teorell 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2005,39(4):87-106
The purpose of this article is to reassess two influential theories of democratic development: the theory of democratic culture
and the theory of economic development. The leading predecessors in each domain—Ronald Inglehart and Adam Przeworski—are the
prime targets of analysis. We take issue with recent evidence presented by these authors on three grounds: the evidence (1)
confuses “basic” criteria of democracy with possible “quality” criteria (Inglehart); (2) conceptualizes democracy in dichotomous
rather than continuous terms (Przeworski); and (3) fails to account for endogeneity and contingent effects (Inglehart). In
correcting for these shortcomings, we present striking results. In the case of democratic culture, the theory lacks support;
neither overt support for democracy nor “self-expression values” affect democratic development. In the case of economic development,
earlier findings must be refined. Although the largest impact of modernization is found among more democratized countries,
we also find an effect among “semi-democracies.”
Axel Hadenius is professor of political science at Uppsala University in Sweden. He is the author ofDemocracy and Development (Cambridge University Press, 1992) andInstitutions and Democratic Citizenship (Oxford University Press, 2001).
Jan Teorell is associated professor of political science at Uppsala University. His articles on intra-party democracy, social
capital, and political participation appear in international journals. 相似文献
17.
Giovanni Arrighi Beverly J. Silver Benjamin D. Brewer 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2003,38(1):3-31
This article demonstrates empirically that widespread convergence in the degree of industrialization between former First
and Third World countries over the past four decades hasnot been associated with convergence in the levels of income enjoyed on average by the residents of these two groups of countries.
Our findings contradict the widely made claim that the significance of the North-South divide is diminishing. This contention
is based on a false identification of “industrialization” with “development” and “industrialized” with “wealthy”. Elaborating
from elements of Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of innovation, Raymond Vernon’s product cycle model, and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept
ofillusio, the article offers an explanation for the persistence of the North-South income divide, despite rapid Third World industrialization
and despite dramatic changes in the world political-ideological context for development (that is, the shift around 1980 from
the “development” project to the “globalization” project or “Washington Consensus”). While emphasizing the long-term stability
of the Northern-dominated hierarchy of wealth, the article concludes by pointing to several contemporary processes that may
destabilize not only the “globalization project”, but also the global hierarchy of wealth that has characterized historical
capitalism.
Giovanni Arrighi is professor of sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. His latest books areThe Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times (1994) and (with Beverly J. Silver et al.)Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999).
Beverly J. Silver is professor of sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. She is the author ofForces of Labor: Workers’ Movements and Globalization Since 1870 (2003) and co-author (with Giovanni Arrighi et al.) ofChaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999).
Benjamin D. Brewer is a graduate student in the Department of Sociology at The Johns Hopkins University. His dissertation
is a commodity chains analysis of the professional-sport economy. He has also published articles on sport and globalization.
Previous versions of this paper were presented at the American Sociological Association Meeting, Anaheim, August 2001; Lingnan
University, Hong Kong, May 2001; the Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, May 2001; the Annual Convention
of the International Studies Association, Chicago, February 2001; the Center for International Studies, University of Southern
California, November 2000; the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington D.C., September 2000;
the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Urena, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, March 2000; and at the Conference on Ethics
and Globalization, Yale University, April 2000. We benefited greatly from the comments of Hayward Alker, Charles Beitz, Peter
Evans, Walter Goldfrank, Michael Mann, David Smith, Ann Tickner, and two anonymous reviewers forSCID. 相似文献
18.
From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation: Transnational Communities and Regional Upgrading in India and China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
By 2000, over one-third of Silicon Valley’s high-skilled workers were foreign-born, and overwhelmingly from Asia. These U.S.-educated
engineers are transforming developmental opportunities for formerly peripheral regions as they build professional and business
connections to their home countries. In a process more akin to “brain circulation” than “brain drain,” these engineers and
entrepreneurs, aided by the lowered transaction costs associated with digitization, are transferring technical and institutional
know-how between distant regional economies faster and more flexibly than most large corporations. This article examines how
Chinese- and Indian-born engineers are accelerating the development of the information technology industries in their home
countries—initially by tapping the low-cost skill in their home countries, and over time by contributing to highly localized
processes of entrepreneurial experimentation and upgrading, while maintain close ties to the technology and markets in Silicon
Valley. However, these successful models also raise several questions about the broader relevance of brain circulation outside
of several key countries, and regions of those countries, within the global South.
AnnaLee Saxenian is dean and professor at the School of Information Management and Systems and professor in the Department
of City and Regional Planning at the University of California, Berkeley. She is currently exploring how immigrant engineers
and scientists are transferring technology entrepreneurship to regions in Asia. 相似文献
19.
In this article, I analyze how the structure of the Chinese state affects the probability that local cadres will comply with
the directives of the center. Because the Chinese state consists of a five-level hierarchy of dyadic principal-agent relationships,
the existence of even moderate levels of routine incompetence and noise ensures that compliance will be less than perfect
due to simple error. Moreover, because the center cannot perfectly differentiate between simple incompetence and willful disobedience,
the structure of the state enables cadres to engage in strategic disobedience. I thus conclude that the complexity of the
linkages between center and locality are a major factor in the observed persistence of corruption and institutional malfeasance.
Andrew Wedeman is an assistant professor of political science at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln. His research focuses
on the political economy of reform in China and specifically on the effects of corruption on development, both in China and
elsewhere in the developing world. Recent publications include: “Budgets, Extra-Budgets, and Small Treasuries: The Utility
of Illegal Monies”,Journal of Contemporary China; “Agency and Fiscal Dependence in Central-Provincial Relations in China”,Journal of Contemporay China; “Stealing from the Farmers: Institutional Corruption and the 1992 IOU Crisis”.China Quarterly and “Looters, Rent-Scrappers, and Dividend-Collectors: Corruption and Growth in Zaire, South Korea, and the Philippines”,The Journal of Developing Areas. 相似文献
20.
Leah Gilbert Payam Mohseni 《Studies in Comparative International Development (SCID)》2011,46(3):270-297
This paper appraises the state of the field on hybrid regimes by depicting the tensions and blurred boundaries of democracy
and authoritarianism “with adjectives.” An alternative conceptualization and ordering of regimes are subsequently introduced
using a configurative approach. Rather than place regimes on a linear continuum from authoritarianism to democracy, it highlights
the multi-dimensional arrangements possible for the construction of regime types. The configurative approach also provides
an analytically useful way to measure and integrate hybrid regimes into our classificatory schemes. As a result, it helps
alleviate the conceptual confusion in the literature and contributes to a discussion of hybrid regimes beyond the framework
of authoritarianism. The paper concludes by presenting a list of all hybrid regimes in the world between 1990 and 2009 identified
with this method. 相似文献