论仲裁员面临的欺诈问题(英文)

通过仲裁程序来洗钱和进行其他形式的欺诈在仲裁中鲜有发生,但一旦出现将为仲裁员带来一大难题。研究这个领域的学者是极少的,本文将分析他们关于仲裁员调查欺诈的方法以及当欺诈被发现时仲裁员应如何处理的建议。这些学者着眼于若干个独立的关键问题。然而,笔者认为如果能够合并审视这些问题,并据此形成足供仲裁员于面临仲裁中欺诈时的参考,如此整合式的思考,应是更好解决此一难题的方法。本文将关注以下重点:仲裁员的义务、仲裁员处理欺诈的方法、当欺诈被觉察时的处理方法,以及向有关机关汇报欺诈和保密义务的遵守之间的关联。本文将据此作出结论:当一个仲裁员发现当事人有利用仲裁程序来洗钱或者其他形式欺诈的嫌疑时,他应即进行调查,而不应该将问题留待司法机构依照司法程序解决;仲裁员在欺诈发生时,有义务即时调查处理。然而,有些仲裁员对其是否应就仲裁中欺诈即时调查处理,并不确定。因此确定此义务的存在,有助于釐清仲裁员的疑问。笔者认为,当一个仲裁员确信欺诈切实发生时,他应暂停据此协议而为之仲裁程序,并且即时将相关信息通知有关当局。     

Coparenting Conflict and Parenting Behavior in Economically Disadvantaged Single Parent African American Families: The Role of Maternal Psychological Distress

Substantial research has focused on the negative associations between coparenting conflict, parental psychological functioning, and parenting behavior in European American, middle-income, families. However, less attention has been given to ethnic minority families and to families that are nontraditionally structured. In an effort to address this gap, the current longitudinal study examines the relation between conflict with the mother-identified primary co-caregiver and parenting practices in single parent, economically disadvantaged African American families. Participants included 234 mother–child dyads. It was hypothesized that conflict would relate to less utilization of positive parenting practices and that this association would be mediated, at least in part, by maternal psychological distress. Hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (Lisrel 8.3): Conflict with a co-caregiver was significantly related to parenting both directly and indirectly through maternal psychological distress. Implications of the findings are discussed.

论民事纠纷解决方式与民事纠纷的适应性

民事纠纷纷繁复杂 ,纠纷的性质不同、类型不同 ,解决民事纠纷的方式也应当有别 ,只有这样才能建立起一套合理的解决不同类型纠纷的体系 ,以维系社会的稳定。同时 ,如何借鉴国外的先进做法 ,创造解决纠纷的非诉讼方式 ,也是司法改革的一个方向。     

Out on a Limb: Appointing a Parenting Coordinator with Decision‐Making Authority in the Absence of a Statute or Rule

This Article addresses the issue of whether a court may appoint a Parenting Coordinator (PC) with decision‐making authority in the absence of a statute or court rule. The Article identifies possible sources of authority for the appointment of a PC with decision‐making authority in a state with no authorizing statute or court rule. It also provides a paradigm for constructing an appointment that allows for the benefits of Parenting Coordination but does not delegate decision‐making authority to an extent that it would constitute an impermissible delegation of judicial authority.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court may find some authority allowing the appointment in (1) its equitable authority over child custody and visitation, (2) its authority to enforce its own orders, or (3) its authority to appoint other extrajudicial assistants such as a special master or mediator.
• Where a court seeks to appoint a PC with decision‐making authority in the absence of an authorizing statute or court rule, the court must craft an appointment that delegates enough decision‐making authority to the PC for parenting coordination to be effective yet, at the same time, not so much decision‐making authority as to render the appointment an impermissible delegation of a judicial function, specifically:
  • The PC's role should be limited to assisting the parties in implementing custody and visitation terms already decreed by the trial court.
  • A PC should be appointed only if the parties to the divorce consent to the appointment or if the trial court makes a finding that the case is a high‐conflict case.
  • The parties must have the opportunity for the trial court to meaningfully review any decision of the PC so that the trial court retains ultimate decision‐making authority.

     

论医疗纠纷的代替性解决机制

由于在纠纷解决方面所表现出来的简便、经济、快捷、专业性及保密性强等优点 ,代替性纠纷解决机制———ADR(Alternativedisputeresolution )逐渐成为许多国家和地区解决民事纠纷的一大趋势。我国现行医疗纠纷解决机制仍存在着一些问题 ,有待于进一步的改革与完善。根据我国所面临的实际情况 ,将SDR引入医疗纠纷领域是一条快速、有效地解决医疗纠纷的途径。医疗纠纷的代替性解决机制主要包括仲裁、调解以及和解。这三种纠纷解决方式各具特点 ,适用于不同情况下医疗纠纷的解决。     

论国际商事仲裁的保密性与物权变动的公示公信原则——评国际商事仲裁的保密性对《中华人民共和国物权法》第二十八条、第三十一条的影响

仲裁的保密性被认为是国际商事仲裁的显著特征之一,而公示公信是物权法上一个很重要的原则。保密性在于不为公众所知,公示公信在于为公众所知并相信。如果法律在某一个方面同时存在两者,其冲突就会导致两者或者其中之一无效。笔者以商事仲裁的保密性为切入点,通过对《中华人民共和国物权法》第28条、第31条的逻辑分析得出物权公示公信原则有可能与国际商事仲裁的保密性相冲突,并讨论冲突所带来的影响和提出适当的解决途径。