Muslims in India

The Populist Party in the United States has close ties with many extremist, racist and antisemitic organizations, and shares with them a twisted ‘Christian’ ideology known as ‘Identity’.     

翻译中的文化差异(英文)

没有文化因素的语言是不存在的。两个国家语言的交流实际上就是文化的交流。跨文化交流的目的就是翻译。汉语与英语的主要区别不仅在于表达方法,语法和修辞上的不同,而且在于文化背景的不同。东西方文化的差异已经深深的影响了翻译的过程与准确性。这篇论文认为宏观的文化因素将会扩大翻译的规模和丰富翻译研究的内容。文章首先在东西文化翻译方面作了对比,然后用举例子的方法说明了自己的观点。主要从地理位置,历史传统,物质生活或经历,文化和价值这五个方面来解释的。第一个方面说明了不同的地域产生了不同的文化。第二个方面阐释了不同的历史文化作为文化的一部分在翻译中的影响。第三个方面分析了随着不同的经济发展而改变的物质生活是人们社会生活和精神生活的基础,并且深深的影响了翻译。第四个方面讨论了作为行动的基础价值观指导我们的行为而且决定了不同的文化必然会有不同的交流行为。第五个方面说明了宗教在每一种文化中都占有重要的位置。最后提出了对翻译工作中发展方向的认识。     

Living in the world risk society

Abstract

In a world risk society, we must distinguish between ecological and financial dangers, which can be conceptualized as side effects, and the threat from terrorist networks as intentional catastrophes; the principle of deliberately exploiting the vulnerability of modern civil society replaces the principle of chance and accident.     

Cultural Difference

President Trump’s criticisms of minorities, immigrants, and poor countries, while controversial, point to the need to discuss cultural differences more candidly. Much of the upset over diversity in America and the world results from the fact that everyone is not the same. The United States is the world’s most individualist country, where most people approach life as a quest to achieve their personal goals. But most minority Americans and recent immigrants tend to adjust to the world as it is rather than seeking change. That is a major reason why integration of these groups has proven difficult. Poor countries abroad are often ill-governed because local culture accepts misrule more passively than in the West. The entire American tradition, including political theory and theology, takes an individualist culture as normal and thus fails to address our current challenges. We need a new tradition in which cultural difference is the subject rather than denied.     

Signals intelligence in India

In May 1945, as France celebrated the end of the Second World War in Europe, its foremost overseas dependency, Algeria, erupted into rebellion. Revisiting the roles and responses of the colonial security forces to what came to be known as the Sétif uprising, this article suggests two things. One is that the intensity of repressive violence pursued becomes more explicable once we consider the part played by political intelligence gathering in the operation of French colonial government in Algeria. The other is that the decision to use the political intelligence amassed before, during, and after the rebellion to coerce the Algerian population at the rebellion's epicentre signified a fundamental shift in the nature of the French colonial state in Algeria. Intelligence-led security policing, much of it later adopted by police agencies in metropolitan France at the height of the Algerian War, became more repressive, less selective, and highly violent.     

India and Pakistan's evolving relationships with the Gulf

The relationships of South Asian rivals India and Pakistan with Gulf countries are evolving and strengthening. India's focus has shifted towards security and defence cooperation, though it does not seek a dominant or partisan role. Pakistan will continue to try to balance its relations with Gulf Arab states and those with Iran, while its most important bilateral relationship will continue to be with Saudi Arabia.     

Strengthening administrative capabilities in India

Reform in public administration has been pursued in India since 1947 and received particular attention since the 1960s. The approach in the 1940s and 1950s was to hold inquiries into different facets of administration, then in the 1960s the strategy was adopted of having an administrative reforms commission with terms of reference which gave it uniquely wide powers and an opportunity to recommend an overhaul in the country's administration. Its recommendations were, indeed, far reaching, but the failure of its report to result in significant reforms being implemented has contributed to a change in emphasis in the 1970s. Attention has come to be directed once more to administrative improvements at the microlevel, and there are a number of significant criticisms to be made of these currently continuing approaches to improvement and reform.