日常生活视野下的业主维权与城市政治

政治是国家与社会关系的集中表现。政治学的研究应有两个基本维度,即政治国家或政治制度的维度和日常社会生活的维度。新世纪以来,城市社会不断发生的"业主维权行动",为日常社会生活视野下的微观政治学研究提供了契机。在日常社会生活视野下,"业主维权行动"既是形成身份认同的社会行动,也是从利益诉求到主张权利进而自主创制规则的公民政治行动。业主组织与资本组织和行政组织,围绕利益、权利、规则而建立起的复杂博弈关系及表现出的内在延展逻辑,证明着政治的原点可能不是别的什么,乃是日常社会生活的自然延伸。     

从“乌坎事件”透视社会资本在农村群体性事件中的运作逻辑

农村群体性事件指那些发生在农村地区的,由农民组织参与的,具有一定规模,并且对社会稳定造成一定程度负面影响的事件。通过对"乌坎事件"的解读,从民众和政府两个角度揭示社会资本在农村群体性事件中的运作逻辑,最后从社会资本的角度提出了对农村群体性事件防范的一些思考。     

社会资本的建构:国家与社会互动的视角

社会建构论、文化建构论、政治建构论对社会资本的生成提出了各自解释,但都是在国家与社会对立的范式中提出命题。以广州市F街公共服务转型为经验文本,从国家与社会互动的视角探讨社会资本的建构命题。在"政府搭台、民间唱戏"式的国家与社会互动合作中,具有一定自主性的社团活动空间与公民参与网络得以构建,跨越私人关系的社会资本得以生发。不同于西方社会,在中国,建构社会资本需同时导入国家与社会力量,进行政治与社会的双重建构。     

环境群体性事件的后控:发挥“正范立行”的核心作用

当前,无论是在既成污染型环境群体性事件,还是预防风险型环境群体性事件中,对于事件的控制和应对,基层政府都在不同程度上表现出"被动性"和"人为性"。为此,当务之急是通过规范政府的行动立场,规范政府的生态补偿行为及干预事件的行政行为,规范环境利益受损方的维权行动,规范传统媒体与新媒体的舆论行为等方式,形成控制环境群体性事件的"制度化"和"法制化"支撑。在环境群体性事件的后控中,应充分发挥"正范立行"的核心作用,避免环境群体性事件向暴力事件的演变,使对其控制尽可能地具有"可预期性"和"可调节性"。     

地方政府在社会抗争事件中的“摆平”策略

"抗争政治"是当代中国政治研究中的一个重要解释概念。现有研究大多基于公民及公民社会立场,较少关注抗争事件中另一个重要行动者——地方政府的行为及其内在策略。少数探讨抗争事件中地方政府行为的研究,则主要关注地方政府某些特定的行为模式,注重对微观过程的分析与解释,而较少涉及具体有效的行为策略。当代中国地方政府在应对社会抗争事件时主要运用了"摆平"的行为策略,即地方政府较为被动、消极地履行社会管理职能;根据对特定社会抗争事件是否超出管辖范围的可能性估计,选择性进行应对;在应对社会抗争事件时,运用拖延、收买、欺瞒、要挟、限制自由等方式,尽量实现属地社会表面上的暂时性稳定。这是因为,受到"上下分治"以及"经济发展主义"和"有限任期"、"一票否决"等体制机制的共同影响,地方政府运用制度框架内的方式应对社会抗争的动力较小,甚至无法使用。同时,刚性压制的方式受到了中央的严格控制,并且可能造成更严重的社会抗争。"     

拆迁博弈:要走出“双输”困境

政府与拆迁户,任何一方都不要去激化矛盾和制造对立,因为这无助于事件的妥善解决,尤其是行政权力和国家机器要保持克制至关重要,政府与拆迁户必须理性沟通。当然,还要有一个目的正当、权限规范、程序公正、补偿合理的可操作性强的法律制度。     

再造可治理的邻里空间——基于空间生产视角的分析

住房商品化重构了中国城市的居住空间和社区权力格局,而业主维权行动集中体现了基层城市社会变迁给社区治理带来的挑战。本文试图解读业主维权行动对地方政府的城市基层治理策略的影响。现有文献将社区治理制度和业主维权行动看作两个独立的研究议题,未能很好解释社区治理规则(变化)与业主维权行动两者之间的关系。本文将列夫菲尔的空间生产视角引入社区治理研究,尝试为社区研究提供新的理论模式和分析框架。研究认为,社区治理规则的变化是政府建立可治理的邻里空间与业主追求权益与自治两者角逐的后果;在国家应对治理挑战的过程中,话语和表征塑造了人们对社区的理解和想象,合法化了国家对私有化空间的介入,因此在重塑可治理的邻里空间过程中发挥了关键性的作用。空间的生产的视角要求研究者思考社区治理规则与业主维权行动之间的辩证关系,是对现有社区治理研究视角的重要补充。     

直击陇南事件

11·17事件发生的原因是武都区部分干部群众,特别是拆迁户担心行政中心搬迁后,其利益受损 11月17日9时30分许,甘肃省陇南市武都区东江镇30多     

群体性事件处置中的警察公关策略研究

近几年,随着社会利益矛盾与冲突的加剧,我国的群体性事件呈现多发态势,而作为处置主体之一的警察组织,其公共关系策略的应用关系到事件处置的成败。当前我国群体性事件处置中的警察公关策略存在着意识薄弱、对媒体信息管理不到位、"官本位"思想、方法处置不当等问题;在完善警察公关策略方面需增强公共关系意识、加强舆情传播的管理和提高警方的公共关系能力。     

信任机制与环境群体性事件的合作治理

积累社会资本,构筑一种高度信任的社会关系是促进社会治理创新、化解社会矛盾冲突的"经济"基础和精神基石。追究环境群体性事件产生的文化根源及其社会心理因素,是一段时期以来经济发展、环境保护和行政伦理、公共政策既缺乏了对社会责任的担当,又缺失了对信任文化的营造,导致低水平的社会信任关系及社会资本积累不足,促使局部地区环境治理的社会合作机制坍塌,从而引致环境群体性事件。因此,有效推动环境群体性事件的多主体合作治理,需要重建社会信任关系,推动信任文化的价值形塑。     

The unbearable rightfulness of being human: citizenship,displacement, and the right to not have rights

Claims to human rights protection made by displaced persons are displaced from the universe of humanity and rendered ineffective by the geopolitical character of modern international human rights law, in favour of the protection of citizens' rights claims. In response, there is increasing interest in leveraging respect for and protection of the rights of displaced persons through extension of the rights enjoyed and supposedly borne by emplaced citizens. However, it is a mistake to assume that humans as citizens bear human rights or that the freedoms that they may be able to extend beyond state boundaries are universalisable. The extension of the right to citizenship functions to displace questions of human rights themselves. The question of the human in rights is in fact always displaced, as long as the human subject is acted upon as if it could possess rights. In paying attention to the critical perspectives with which displaced persons confront the citizen, she or he may come to appreciate the fact that the universality of human rights is served where one does not claim to have rights but, rather, actively engages, without limits, with others in the struggle for rights and their respect.     

小议我国股东权司法救济制度

对股东权的司法救济是股权保障的重要方式。以诉的构成要素为视角分析股东权司法救济程序，引导选择正确的股权保护模式。我国股东权司法救济程序还需进一步完善。     

Unequal access to human rights: the categories of noncitizenship

Abstract

International human rights law consists of a body of basic rights and principles that States are to enforce with respect to every person within their borders. The unfortunate reality, however, is that many States are incapable of ensuring the rights of everyone, and in some instances simply do not wish to do so. Accordingly, citizenship serves as an acknowledgment by a State that the status holder is entitled to a higher degree of protection. Conversely, noncitizens may enjoy less rights than citizens, and certain categories of noncitizens frequently find themselves outside of the State’s protection entirely. This article outlines many of the rights that international law directs should be enjoyed by every human being, the factors that contribute to unequal enjoyment of these rights, and the categories of noncitizen associated with the mediated allocation of basic human rights.     

和谐社会与法治国家的同质性思考

依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家已走过十年历程。和谐社会与法治国家具有天然的同质性,二者追求社会和谐进步的目标一致,民主、秩序、公平正义、人权保障等价值追求一致。因此我们要进一步明确和谐社会构建中法治的重要作用,通过尊重保障权利,禁止权力滥用,大力培育市民社会的公民意识与法治精神以及建立道德规范体系,加快法治国家建设的进程,推进社会主义和谐社会建设。     

Changing Conceptions of Rights in the United States and the West

Among the most pronounced features of the American revolutionarygeneration, which culminated in the writing and adoption ofthe Constitution of the United States, were the introductionof the idea of individual rights as the basis for politicalorganization and the protection of those rights as a major taskof government.¹ This idea, which now is uncritically acceptedby conventional opinion, in itself represents only one conceptionof rights and must be understood as such. In this article, wewill examine what is a conception of rights and how rights arejustified. In this exploration, we have to understand how eachconception of rights is shaped by a particular view of the natureof man, a particular understanding of the sources of rights,and a particular direction for the expression of rights.     

Global poverty and responsibility: Identifying the duty-bearers of human rights

Many rights theorists argue that global poverty violates certain human rights, so that responsibility to address poverty involves carrying out the duties that correspond with relevant rights-claims. Liberatirians argue that the rights and duties associated with global poverty, especially what are sometimes thought of as “positive” rights, or rights of assistance, are inappropriately agent-neutral, giving them less justificatory force than agent-relative rights and duties. To counter libertarian concerns, Thomas Pogge tries to reframe the responsibilities corresponding to human rights as institutional rather than as belonging to agents. While admirable, his approach inadequately expalains the relationships between institutional responsibility and individual and collective action. A better way to respond to libertarian concerns—that is also compatible with Pogge’s emphasis on institutional responsibility—is to show that the duties regarding global poverty are indeed agent-relative, but by virtue of individual and collective action within institutions.     

Rights of Self-delimiting Peoples: Protecting Those Who Want No Part of Us

While in recent years new charters and government actions have boosted the collective and individual rights enjoyed by “Fourth-World” indigenous peoples such as the Inuit, another set of indigenous peoples has not experienced such protection: “self-delimiting” peoples. Their rights go largely unprotected because of deliberate ambiguities in the word “indigenous”; because these peoples generally avoid all contact with the larger society, and so are unknown by it and have no voice in it; and because charters and institutions generally require validation of an indigenous people as bona fide—such as a history of contact and of evident land occupation—in order for the group to enjoy full rights protections. Both practice and theory may militate against the extension of full protection. This paper argues that theory, institutions building upon it, and practice realizable from theory and institutions must be reconsidered in terms of the particular circumstances and needs of these peoples if their rights are to be fully respected and maintained. Clear, special protection for these peoples’ rights to their culture must be established.     

Judicial Federalilsm and Equality Guarantees in State Supreme Courts

The new judicial federalism emphasizes state court relianceon state constitutional grounds for the enhanced protectionof individual rights. Commentary in the legal literature givesthe impression of much state court activism in this area. However,a quantitative analysis of 2,286 equal protection cases decidedby state supreme courts between 1975 and 1984 shows much lowerlevels of the exclusive use of state constitutions. The dataalso reveal significant regional variations in the nature ofequal protection cases filed, the types of alleged discrimination,the use of independent and adequate state grounds, and the frequencyof judicial invalidation of state action. These variations areexplored in terms of political culture, the institutional featuresof the state judiciary, and the content of state bills of rights.     

From Passive Objects to Active Agents: A Comparative Study of Conceptions of Victim Identities at the ICTY and ICC

Contemporary developments in international criminal justice have led to new systems of victims' rights and redress. A number of studies have identified the processes of victim protection, participation, and reparations at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). However, little attention has been paid to how these changing practices have served to constitute victim identities. This article seeks to address this gap in scholarship through an analysis of the changing definitions, status, and integration of victims into these institutions. It explores how institutional practices serve to construct victims as either “passive objects” or “active agents” of the law. It then considers whether this “active agent” translates to ideas of the person in all social contexts. The article argues that the ICC needs to consider whether victims hold the necessary personal, material, and social “resources” required to action their rights in this institutional context.     

论居住权的权利建构

早期罗马法上的居住权制度已被后世两大法系演进为现代收益性居住权,集合物权、人权、民生权等多项权利基因,且在当下通过诉诸法院而表达出来,经由法院裁判生成一种新型权利。鉴于其权利结构具有融合性,能够有效融入我国《物权法》体系,故当以私法意义上的用益物权属性为权利基础,形成以《物权法》为核心的权利架构,明确居住权的主体与客体、权利与义务、变动与终止,以保障其权利的可诉性与规范的可操作性,拓宽居住权保护的救济路径,以实现居住权的法律保护。