对农村空巢老人养老保障问题的思考

农村空巢老人的数量已日益庞大,由此带来的一系列养老保障问题越来越突出。阐述了农村空巢老人的生存现状,重点分析了农村空巢老人在生产劳动、经济来源、日常生活、精神供养等方面存在的养老保障问题,指出了人口流动、社会保障、生活理念等使农村空巢老人出现养老问题的原因,并在农村经济发展、养老保障、社区养老、精神文化活动等方面提出了完善农村空巢老人养老保障的建议。     

我国空巢老人孤独感现状及对策研究

随着我国人口老龄化加剧及空巢家庭的增多,空巢老人的心理问题,特别是孤独感成了影响我国空巢老人晚年生活质量的重要因素。提出加强心理健康知识宣传、继续弘扬"孝"文化传统、发挥空巢老人主体优势并构建完善的空巢老人身心健康服务体系等对策来帮助空巢老人克服孤独感。     

集中居住背景下农村空巢老人居家养老模式探析

工业化引致农村大量劳动力向城镇转移,农村空巢老人日益增多.现行的集中居住政策有利于改善空巢老人的养老环境,据此可尝试“居住家庭+家庭供养+养老保险+社区照顾+支持系统+社会化服务”的居家养老模式.具体方略是:合理规划,设计人性化的老人居住环境;利用土地收益,完善老人的社会保障体系;加强社区养老设施建设,提供社会化养老服务;动员邻里,开展社区照顾;强化政府责任,构建社会支持系统.     

浅析城市空巢老人的社区养老现状与对策研究

当前我国已经步入老龄化社会,城市中空巢老人的养老问题是当今学界比较关注的社会热点问题之一,也是重要的民生议题。我国以家庭养老为主,但空巢老人子女不在身边或者没有子女,缺少家庭养老的氛围和条件,所以开展空巢老人的社区养老势在必行,促进空巢老人老有所养、老有所乐、老有所医也是以人为本建设和谐社会的题中应有之意。本文在分析城市空巢老人社区养老现状和必要性的基础上,分析了城市空巢老人社区养老存在的各种问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议。     

影响城市“空巢老人”养老效果的因素分析

在医疗照顾和医疗救济方面,经体弱多病且无经济能力或者经济能力不强的空巢老人的申请,由政府出资为他们提供免费服务。甚至可以在经济条件允许的情况下,对日常生活无自理能力或者自理能力弱的空巢老人给予上门护理服务。     

空巢老人精神贫困的界定及表征问题研究

空巢老人已逐渐成为国内外学者研究的热点课题,但目前,学界普遍将空巢老人和精神贫困作为独立的课题研究,而针对空巢老人精神贫困问题的整体研究则少之又少,因此,对空巢老人、精神贫困、空巢老人的精神贫困的内涵及表现进行细致梳理和分析具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

我国农村养老研究的热点与前沿趋势——基于CiteSpace的文献计量及可视化分析

农村养老的研究热点主要集中于政府责任与农民权益、养老制度建构及其运行、养老模式探索与创新、养老观念与孝道变迁四个方面;研究经历了“初步探索—快速发展—全面深化”的演进过程并呈现多元化、常态化的发展态势,虽取得丰硕研究成果但尚存薄弱环节。未来,学者及科研机构应当加强“三跨”交流与合作,加快形成学术研究共同体;研究内容应当在加强制度可持续性、探索具有中国特色的农村养老模式、创新性发展新型孝道文化以及提升老年幸福感等方面进一步拓展深化,从而提炼出更加具有兼容性、科学性、系统性的农村养老理论体系与实践路径。     

解决农村养老问题的文化视角——以孝文化破解农村养老困境

当前中国的养老问题日益突出,其中农村养老尤为艰难。面对当前家庭养老功能弱化、社会化养老尚不完善的现实困境,从文化视角来探求解决农村养老问题是一条有效途径。由于孝文化对巩固家庭养老功能的作用巨大,因此,未来要采取各种措施弘扬孝文化,充分发挥孝的功能,缓解农村养老困境。     

孝道与当前海南农村养老问题研究

海南省是一个老龄化发展较快的省份,海南农村人口的老龄率要高于城市,而当前农村社会养老机制还不健全,重新考察传统孝道的合理内核,探讨现阶段农村养老的可行路径,对于解决目前海南农村养老问题具有重要的现实意义。     

武陵山片区农村失能老人养老补贴机制研究

武陵山片区的农村失能老人日常经济生活极度贫困、长期照护服务困境尤为突显。武陵山片区各级地方政府应从补贴对象、补贴标准、发放流程,建立配套的科学评估制度、信息统计管理系统及精明强干的组织队伍等方面为失能老人提供一站式的长期照护服务养老补贴机制,以不断促进武陵山片区和谐生态文明社会的建设与发展。     

The Brownlow Committee, Regulation, and the Presidency: Seventy Years Later

Analyzing Robert E. Cushman's study within the context of the Brownlow Report substantiates the argument that the immediate failure of the committee's recommendations—and their influence in the longer term—is best explained within the conceptual framework of changing political orders in American political development. Seventy years later, the field has the historical perspective to see that the committee's work was buffeted by tensions between competing political orders. Today, far from being just an interesting episode in American public administration, we see that the Brownlow Committee's work on regulation, as much as work on executive organization, heralded and enabled a new era of presidential administration.     

代表人民的根本利益须认识和处理好三种关系

江总书记关于中国共产党要始终代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求 ,始终代表中国先进文化的前进方向 ,始终代表中国最广大人民的根本利益的重要论述 ,是新时期党的建设的根本指导思想。这里 ,我联系自己的思想和工作实际 ,仅就“始终代表最广大人民的根本利益”谈点学习体会。我认为作为一个党员特别是党的领导干部 ,要体现当好最广大人民根本利益的忠实代表 ,必须正确认识和处理好三种关系。一、必须正确认识和处理好对上级负责与对人民群众负责的关系我们党代表的是中国最广大人民的根本利益 ,我们每个党员干部是为人民服务的公仆。因此 ,…     

乡村文化治理的公共性困境及其超越

公共性是乡村文化治理的重要基础和动力,主要包括乡村文化治理实现公共利益的本质规定、依托公共空间的场域载体、嵌入公共权力的过程驱动和培育公共精神的目标结果等多个方面。乡村文化治理始终体现公共性是治理的理想状态,现实中却真实存在公共议题失语、场域空间萎缩、行政伦理失范、公共精神淡化等公共性缺失困境,乡村文化治理效能大打折扣。在乡村振兴背景下,需通过形成社会组织、整合文化资源、完善民主制度、培育现代政治文化等多重途径,优化乡村文化治理元素和结构,实现乡村文化治理的公共性“再造”。     

人口老龄化与农村老年医疗保障制度

人口老龄化导致老年人医疗服务需要增加。然而,经济因素制约了老年人医疗服务需要向需求的转化,阻碍了老年人健康状况的改善。为实现世界卫生组织(W H O)提出的“健康老龄化”目标,促进全面建设小康目标的实现,必须为老年人尤其是收入低且几乎没有任何医疗保障的大量农村老年人建立医疗保障制度。建立制度面临筹资来源少、技术难度高、医疗卫生条件落后等制约因素,需要采取“低水平、广覆盖、采用多种模式、利用各方力量、加强配套设施”的发展策略。通过建立农村老年医疗救助、合作医疗、“时间储蓄”等多种制度,提供完善的医疗供方体系,保障农村老年人的基本医疗需求,促进其健康状况的改善。     

The Disempowerment of Empowerment: How Stakeholding Clogs Up Rural Decision-making

In the context of a growth in both participatory democracy and responsible participation, rural decision-making in England has become increasingly complex over the past 30 years, fuelled by national polices relating to regionalism, citizenship and relocalisation. A survey of ‘agents of rural governance’ (ARGs) in the county of Gloucestershire, England, charts their recent growth, reasons for formation and perceived jurisdiction as well as examining complexities of decision-making relating to partnerships, networks and finance. The survey suggests that policies designed to ‘empower’ rural people can be seen to have clogged up rural decision-making processes sufficiently to have, effectively, disempowered many of them. The paper identifies and exemplifies six different types of ‘clogging up’ that impact upon rural decision-making: crowding, knotting, clouding, meandering, subverting and impoverishing. Whilst governmental proposals have been introduced in an attempt to rationalise this decision-making complexity, particularly through the Haskins Review and the English National Rural Strategy, other policy strands have conspired to make such decision-making essentially laissez faire.     

The Tiebout Hypothesis 50 Years Later: Lessons and Lingering Challenges for Metropolitan Governance in the 21st Century

More than five decades have passed since Charles Tiebout wrote his seminal 1956 paper, often cited as the classic apologetic for locally based systems of metropolitan governance. This essay traces the impact of Tiebout's work and subsequent scholarship in public choice, identifying important lessons and lingering issues. Although public choice has demonstrated that polycentric systems are adept and flexible in producing and providing municipal services and a variety of interlocal agreements, the presence of municipal boundaries gives rise to a host of spillover problems, such as urban sprawl and segregation. These spillovers are particularly nefarious because, unlike the natural cooperation that seems to occur in service provision, municipalities tend to assert narrow self-interest in the face of these types of externalities. The essay proposes that, commensurate with the growing salience of equity among the pillars of public administration, interjurisdictional spillovers and their attendant equity impacts will be the central challenge for thinkers studying metropolitan governance in the 21st century.     

善治视域下乡村治理的公共性困境及其重构

乡村社会是国家治理的重要场域,乡村振兴,治理有效是基础,公共性是乡村治理的价值坐标,乡村善治,既彰显了乡村治理公共性的历史必然,也反映了乡村治理理念的变革。就目前我国乡村治理状况来看,存在公共价值理念阙如、公共空间失落、公共文化式微、公共组织功能弱化等公共性问题。新时代乡村治理要厘清面临的公共性困境,探讨公共性价值重构和实践路径,推动乡村社会由“良序”走向“善治”。     

The Birth and Growth of the Social Insurance State: Explaining Old Age and Medical Insurance Across Countries

We examine the factors leading to creation and growth ofnational Old-Age Insurance (OAI) and Health Insurance schemes.None of the theories we test fit the data very well. There isweak evidence that the probability of adopting a systemdeclines in a country's wealth and in the ethnic heterogeneityof its population. Catholic countries are more likely tocreate earnings-related OAI systems. The growth of OAIspending since 1960 has varied considerably across countries,with fast growth in countries emerging from dictatorship andnon-English speaking countries. We conclude that socialinsurance can be politically expedient for many differentreasons.