The Totalisation of Human Social Practice: Open Marxists and Capitalist Social Relations, Foucauldians and Power Relations

This article critiques Open Marxism for an ontology which totalises human social practice—for Open Marxists, capitalist social relations are the singular constitutive source of human activity. Such a stance is superficially attractive yet ultimately inadequate, and I reinforce my case by demonstrating how other critical approaches—in this article, Foucauldian perspectives on power—suffer from similar deficiencies. Thus there is a need to resist the temptation of claiming to know how human social practice can be understood with recourse to a singular aspect (no matter how important) of such practice. I conclude that an excellent example of how to avoid such pitfalls is provided by Antonio Gramsci's writings, for they acknowledge the multifaceted yet nevertheless anchored existence lived by humans in capitalist societies.     

The Rescaling of the Chinese State and Sino-North Korean Relations: Beyond State-Centrism

While Beijing has repeatedly signed up to multilateral sanctions against North Korea, it is widely regarded as having failed to enforce them. Indeed, China’s deepening economic engagement with the country has led observers to debate the causes of this seemingly duplicitous approach. Constructivist and realist approaches have relied on state-centric frameworks that serve to reduce Sino-North Korean relations to the high politics of Beijing-Pyongyang diplomacy in the context of broader geopolitical dynamics. This article argues that such approaches pay insufficient attention to the profound rescaling of the Chinese state in recent years and the implications this process has for bilateral relations. This article sheds light on how Sino-North Korean relations are being driven by actors at multiple scales and by a multitude of objectives as a result of decentralisation and marketisation alongside increasing geographical unevenness within China and new challenges to continued capital accumulation. North Korea has come to play an increasingly important role in efforts to facilitate economic recovery in the northeastern border regions through serving as spatial fix for Chinese manufacturing capital. These new cross-border flows of capital and labour suggest an emerging pattern of Sino-North Korean relations that is by no means static but in considerable flux.     

中国国家身份变迁与对外交往:以中国-东盟关系为例

在分析中国和东盟关系的发展过程中,本文引入了身份政治的分析视角,以中国的国家身份变迁为思考的出发点,来具体分析中国与东盟关系的发展.文章指出中国在冷战期间和冷战后的身份变迁及其与东盟关系发生的相应变化,然后分析身份变迁与对外关系演变的内在逻辑机制,认为国家在对外互动中形成了新的观念体系结构,而这种新的体系结构又重新建构了国家的身份.所以,我们在对外交往中要注意分析国家的身份,从而有利于更好地理解国家的行为.文章最后指出了身份政治在进一步学理化过程中应该深入思考的问题.     

体系·国家·社会·个体——中国外交的分析层次

在国际关系学科发展、中国学者的学术使命及民族关怀不断增强、中国外交现实政策需求的推动下,当代中国外交研究呈现出理论意识、主体性、规范性以及方法论意识等特点。笔者运用层次分析方法,把当代中国外交研究分为体系、国家、社会与个体四个分析层次,以此来考察中国外交研究领域的进展及存在的问题。笔者认为,理论多元主义、具体案例研究、实证主义与反思主义的并重,以及行为体与结构间互动,理应是当代中国外交研究进一步深入发展的重要环节。     

都市中的熟人社会--缅甸曼德勒华人的生存场域、社会交往及其与缅人的族群关系

曼德勒为缅甸第二大城市,它既是缅甸地理意义上的中心,也是缅北地区政治、经济与文化的中心。近年来,随着曼德勒华人的日益增多,华人与当地主体族群———缅人的关系成为曼德勒最重要的族群关系之一,而这种关系并非总是处于友好和谐的状态,甚至时而可以体会到这座城市中的反华情绪。笔者通过田野调查发现,曼德勒华人在都市的法理空间中,践行熟人社会的社会交往方式是导致出现这种紧张族群关系的重要原因之一。综合曼德勒华人与缅人两个群体的表述,揭示日常生活中曼德勒华人的熟人社会的社会交往方式,将会为理解曼德勒华人的境遇及缅华关系提供一种新的视角。     

The State,Identity, and the National Question in China and Japan,by Germaine A. Hoston

Abstract

This very dense book represents a significant effort to come to terms with the “national question” in radical discourse—the meaning of the nation in relation to, or in opposition to, the state—through the prism of the adoption of Marxist ideas in China and Japan in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This is a critical problem inasmuch as issues of state-building in China and of state hegemony in Japan have dominated the recent histories of those two countries.     

韩国学的“古代对外关系史”视角

本文在学界已有研究的基础上,从中国韩国学的成果发布和成果积累等新的考察角度入手,审视韩国学的研究成绩,进而提出不同于以往的"古代对外关系史"研究理念,尝试探析目前韩国学领域研究中的空白点,并结合中韩两国的韩国史研究现状,阐述韩国学所属的古代对外关系史这一新研究领域的研究对象、旨趣、方向等问题。总体上,对中国韩国学及其主要分支韩国史予以理论支持,并对韩国国内的"国史"研究提供镜鉴。     

从印尼社会特点看伊斯兰教与政治的关系

印度尼西亚是世界上穆斯林人口最多的国家,但伊斯兰教在政治中的影响较小.这是由印尼社会的特点决定的.印尼是多元种族社会,主张融和的爪哇文化占主导地位,印尼穆斯林大都属名义穆斯林,加之威权政治下的弱政党制度,使得印尼人更拥护潘查希拉而不是伊斯兰教为立国基础.     

中印关系-新型的大国关系

中国与印度都是快速发展的国家,是新兴的大国.两国关系既有一般意义上大国关系的特点,又具有一些新特征,主要表现为:两国都希望利用现有的国际环境保证本国发展;两国都将发展经济放在第一位,希望有一个和平的国际环境;两国都坚持独立自主的外交政策,不危害别国的利益.因此,中印关系不会对国际稳定和安全造成威胁.印度在中国对外关系中处于大国、周边国家、发展中国家三个层面,具有特殊意义.     

结构性地区主义与开放性地区主义——西欧与东亚的比较

全球化浪潮下,地区主义伴随区域一体化得到迅速发展。在西欧一体化过程中,西欧国家通过重视合法协定、强调功能整合以及超国家机构的建设形成了结构性地区主义;而在东亚一体化发展中,东亚国家则强调不干涉原则,突出国家主权至上,抵制和质疑超国家机构,从而形成了弱机制化的开放性地区主义。两种性质的地区主义的成因主要在于:西欧和东亚的历史发展体系不同,导致其各自成员国之间的经济政治制度同质性程度不同,成员国之间的集体认同以及对民族国家主权的价值观存在差异。就发展趋向而言,自金融危机后,欧洲债务危机频现,暴露了规范严谨的结构性地区主义的僵化弊病,而东亚一体化过程中,东盟、10+1、10+3、东亚峰会等对话形式层出不穷,则表明了缺乏规范机制下的地区合作效率的不足。     

Executive–Legislature Relations in Foreign Policy: A Case Study in Incipient Regional Integration

This article explores the role of the Argentine and Brazilian parliaments during the formative years of Mercosur with the aim of assessing how the specific model of ‘limited democracy’ may have had an impact on the course and shape of Mercosur. Although that integration process was essentially a governmental exercise, with only a marginal role for congresses, this article argues that this does not constitute in itself either a violation of constitutional provisions in the member states or a geographical anomaly compared to other constitutional traditions or to incipient integration processes elsewhere. Yet, perhaps ironically, the conclusion suggests that democratic limitations have fostered, rather than hampered, integration in the Southern Cone of Latin America.     

跨国华人社会场域的动力与变迁:新加坡的个案分析

通过对过去半个世纪来新加坡华人与中国之间密切联系的实证分析,本文认为海外华人与故乡的多层互动推动了跨国华人社会场域的形成和发展.该场域有三个主要特征:第一,海外华人借助这一超越民族国家疆界的跨国网络与故乡建立起稳定的联系,推动着人员、观念、商品和资本的跨国流动和交流,国家在塑造这一跨国联系的性质方面扮演着重要角色;第二,除了推动社会和商业发展之外,该跨国场域还涵盖了动态的经济、政治和文化互动,并为创造一个集体性的华人散居者群体认同做出了积极贡献;第三,跨国华人社会的关键性制度机制是推动社会和商业网络整体发展的各类华人社团,它们包括宗乡社团和专业机构等.     

蒙古社会保障"名义账户"制改革研究

为适应向市场经济的转型,蒙古于1995年建立了现收现付制养老体系,但很快就面临越来越多的难题.2000年蒙古实施了"名义账户"制改革,并开始着手建立多支撑的养老体系.本文考察了这一改革的过程和成效,并探讨了"名义账户"制在低收入发展中国家的适用性.     

Sources and Transitions of Chinese Foreign Policy: An Introduction

Chinese foreign policy has multiple sources, and the incentives that are driving its behaviour have grown from the domestic/international, as well as from regional, economic, normative, multilateral, and cultural levels. Foreign policy-making in China is becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. This special issue is drawn from some edited papers presented in the joint workshop between Fudan and Durham Universities on Chinese foreign policy on 29–30 March 2010. By assessing the economic, domestic, regional, global and cultural sources of Chinese foreign policy, we aim to illustrate the various sources and to locate possible ways to consolidate the transitional process, and to spur future endeavour facing China’s foreign policy.     

反恐对马来西亚政局与对外关系的影响

马来西亚在反恐问题上采取了有异于其他东南亚国家的立场 :马哈蒂尔政府在坚决支持打击恐怖主义的同时 ,也严厉反对任何把反恐行动演变为反伊斯兰教行动的倾向 ,并强调追溯与确认恐怖主义根源的重要性。恐怖主义活动与政府的反恐政策给马来西亚的政局与外交带来了深远的影响。对内 ,它加剧了执政的国民阵线主干政党巫统与在野的伊斯兰教党之间的政治斗争 ,以及在一定程度上加强了国阵在来届大选争取华人选票的胜算 ;对外 ,它为马来西亚制造了和美国改善与加强双边关系的契机 ,并提高了马来西亚在国际政治舞台上的地位     

2012年俄罗斯国内形势和对外关系的若干特点

2012年是普京“王者归来”的第一年,俄罗斯国内形势的主要特点是保持政治和经济稳定,进行适当变革,但仍存在一些不稳定因素.对外关系波澜不惊,与美欧关系基本停滞,在亚太、欧亚地区稳中有进,同时也存在诸多不确定因素.