论抗辩与抗辩权

抗辩权包含在抗辩之中。抗辩权乃专指对抗他人请求权行使的权利。抗辩权具有永久性、无被侵害可能性、不可单独让与性、无相对义务观念性等四个特征。抗辩和抗辩权之间、抗辩和反诉及否认和反驳之间,都存在着明显的区别。     

走出洞穴,走向何方?

在柏拉图的《理想国》中,有一个著名的"洞穴"比喻:长期困于洞穴之中的"囚徒",借助火光在石壁上造成的影像来形成自己关于这个世界的观念.     

抗辩权的法官释明问题

引言:关于法官对抗辩权之释明的三个命题 在全球司法改革的潮流推动下,我国民事程序法学界积极借鉴大陆法系的法官释明制度,对我国构建辩论主义诉讼模式、营造和谐的诉讼氛围无疑具有积极的作用.     

答辩失权之建构

答辩失权制度是审前准备程序的重要组成,被告应当在法定的期限内提出正当的答辩,否则导致原告起诉事实的自 认。强制答辩是基于诉讼平等原则,诚实信用原则,程序安定,对话,诉讼效率等要求。应根据我国现行的法制,应建立起答辩失权制 度。     

The Mobile Internet: What is it? How will it be built? And What Services will it Deliver?

It is only natural for people to communicate. That is why the telephone has been such a success. It extends the power of the human voice to reach wherever the telephone network goes. The mobile phone added a new dimension, by cutting the cord that previously tied phone users to specific locations - like their homes or offices. It gave users for the first time the freedom to make and receive calls wherever they happen to be. The next significant step in wireless communications will be to build on this basic wireless access, and add a considerable range of new and more advanced internet-based services involving high-speed data, video and multimedia communications.     

Alcohol and Parasomnias: The Statistical Evaluation of the Parasomnia Defense in Sexual Assault,Where Alcohol is Involved

Sleep sex may be a defense for alleged sexual assault. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD3) states: “Disorders of arousal should not be diagnosed in the presence of alcohol intoxication… The former [alcohol blackouts] are exponentially more prevalent.” A panel member of ICSD3, quoting ICSD3 asserts: “alcohol intoxication should rule out a sleep-walking defense”. This implies extremely strong support for a prosecution hypothesis (H_p) over a defense hypothesis (H_d). I use Bayesian methodology to evaluate the evidential probity of alcohol intoxication. The likelihood ratio, LR, measures the amplification of prior odds of guilt, . By Bayes' theorem, . I use data from cross-sectional studies of sexual assault and prevalence of alcohol use, in college students, with data from longitudinal studies, and data from the epidemiology of parasomnias to evaluate LR (alcohol). LR ~1.5 or 5, depending whether alcohol does, or does not, increase the risk of parasomnias. The proposition of extremely strong support for H_p implies a LR ~1,000,000, so the proposition in ICSD3 is not supported by formal analysis. The statistical reasoning in ICSD3 is unclear. There appears to be inversion of the Bayesian conditional (confusing intoxication given assault, and assault given intoxication) and failure to evaluate alcohol intoxication in H_d. Similar statistical errors in R. v Sally Clark are discussed. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine should review the statistical methodology in ICSD3.     

Research on Gender and the Law: Where Are We Going,Where Have We Been?

This article provides an overview of issues related to research on gender and the law. Following a discussion of the ways in which gender and the law interact, we assess the extent to which Law and Human Behavior (LHB) has addressed the issue of gender. Specifically, we present the results of our analysis of the role of gender in articles published in LHB from 1990 through 1996. We discuss the relatively few gender-relevant studies that appeared, as well as comment upon the attention given to gender by research with other primary foci. We then discuss various strategies for conducting gender research and their implications for research on gender and the law. We conclude by introducing the articles in this special issue on gender and the law, commenting on how they add to our accumulated knowledge in this area.     

见义勇为行为的民法透视

见义勇为的行为是民法无因管理行为的种类之一 ,属事实行为。又有别于无因管理 ,具有自身特点 ,见义勇为行为的发生引起了民事上的几种请求权 ,负有义务的各方当事人应履行各自的义务 ,由此形成的债权债务关系 ,构成了见义勇为行为所引发人与人之间的人身和财产利益的法律机制。受益人向救助者给付酬谢金是民法债务关系的新创见。这有利于弘扬当今社会有难相助 ,大义大勇的高尚精神     

隐私权的政治哲学辩护

作为现代社会的基础哲学,自由主义通常被作为隐私权的政治哲学基础。在对自由主义的基本前提“权利优先于善”的质疑中,社群主义和共和主义以不同于自由主义的理路也对隐私权作出了辩护。厘清和阐释这三种政治哲学对隐私权的辩护方式有助于我们加深对隐私权的概念理解。     

The Defense Lawyer is Called Upon to Defend

The article by G. Z. Anashkin, with which LG began its discussion of current problems confronting the Soviet legal profession, is accurate in its basic content. But the subject of the discussion is so broad that it clearly cannot be exhausted by one or two statements in a newspaper.     

The Role of International Legal Norms in Ensuring the "Right to a Legal Defense"

On 22 November 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted the "Declaration of the Rights and Freedoms of the Individual and Citizen."¹ Article 1 of the declaration states that universally recognized international norms on human rights have priority over the laws of the RSFSR where they directly give rise to rights and duties of citizens. But, in the words of A.M. Vasil'ev, this is "really only a defended, not a proclaimed right."² The systems of international and Soviet law set down the procedure and the order of realization of rights and freedoms and the ways and means for their legal defense. An important guarantee for the realization of rights and freedoms is ensuring the individual's right to a legal defense.     

论侵权法中的防御请求权

《中华人民共和国侵权责任法草案》规定了八种侵权责任方式,其中排除妨碍和消除危险这两种责任方式可以合称为防御请求权。防御请求权源起于罗马法的役权保护思想,并逐渐扩展形成物上请求权制度。在自由权以及潘德克顿法学派的影响下,转变为所有权之诉并扩展到动产领域,逐渐由最初的物权防御请求权发展到对其他权利的保护,即出现了侵权法上的防御请求权。我国应当在坚持物、债二分的前提下,明确两种防御请求权的关系,在侵权法防御请求权上以违法性为要件,并将妨碍排除请求权适用于持续且不断更新的妨害源的情况下。     

辩护律师证据知悉权独立化研究——以与控方卷证移送关系为视角

无论是英美“起诉状一本主义”还是意大利“法官卷宗”移送制度,都对辩护律师证据知悉权的实现不起决定性作用。在我国司法实践中,辩护律师的证据知悉权因完全依赖于控方卷证移送而受到“主要证据复印件移送主义”的压制。辩护律师证据知悉权只有摆脱控方卷证移送方式的绝对控制,获得自身的独立性,才有可能最大限度地得到实现。     

论民意审判与辩护权缺失——从六组案例谈起

民意审判所指向的所谓正义的结果,只是被障眼法所偷梁换柱了的“正确判决”,这样的结果必然会有失偏颇,同时,它对案件胜负的不同影响乃是取决于诉讼外的力量对比,其实,辩护权的缺失才是所有问题的症结所在。     

Police personality: What is it and why are they like that?

Debate has swirled around the issue of the term “Police Personality.” The debate over this has been mainly over the issues of definition and development; i.e., what is a police personality and how does it form? Is it a predispositional model of personality or is it created by the nature of the work itself (an occupational-socialization model)? Perhaps the issue is not as simply dichotomous as that; perhaps it is a combination of both predisposition and experiences that forms this elusive personality. This paper will review the relevant literature pertaining to police personality, both predispositional notions and job created notions, as well as the literature on personality theories in a broader perspective.     

律师刑辩权扩大后面临的困境和出路

律师在办理刑事案件中,经常遇到"会见难"、"阅卷难"、"调查取证难"等,这已经成为了束缚中国律师刑事辩护业务迅速发展的瓶颈。2007年修改后的律师法,专门规定了一些新措施破解律师执业难题。围绕律师在刑事诉讼中的会见、阅卷、调查取证、法庭辩护等问题,指出这些新的规定在司法实践中面临的挑战,并提出解决的出路。