父親的正義感，照我一生

中國政法大學潘漢典教授是《元照英美法詞典》的總審訂人，也是《君主論》、《比較法總論》等多部名著的漢鋒者.通擅英、法、日、德、俄等多種語言。潘先生今已89歲高齡，他早年從東吴大學法學院獲得碩士學位，先後在北京大學、中國社會科學院法學研究所、中國政法大學問學論道，終身與法結绎. 本刊約請潘先生憶往，温故知新。法學舊事，亦豐厚，亦温文。     

Review of Political Sciences in the USSR. An Index of the Soviet Literature, 1975-1979

The Eleventh World Congress of the International Political Science Association, held in Moscow in August 1979, was a noteworthy event in international scholarly affairs. Among the publications whose appearance was timed for the congress, one's attention is drawn by the bibliographical index of the Soviet literature in the years 1975-1979 prepared by the Sector on Bibliographic Research Information on State and Law of the Institute of Scientific Information in the Social Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. The significance of this work lies principally in the fact that it is essentially the first attempt at compiling and publishing an extensive bibliography of political sciences in the USSR. Its appearance is all the more timely because political scientists abroad have little information on research of this kind in the USSR. The bibliographic index is designed not only for the Soviet but for the foreign reader, and for that reason it is published in Russian and in English. The book has a detailed index of names, which facilitates the search for needed literature.     

环境污水毒品检测技术在禁毒情报中的应用

本文以环境污水毒品检测技术为基础,结合相关法学和统计学理论,为毒品检测技术在禁毒情报的获取中提供了新的应用方式。本文首先介绍了环境污水分析技术的起源以及污水流行病学的研究方法,并对包括样品提取与保存、固相萃取、液相色谱串联质谱法分析在内的污水样品中毒品检测技术手段进行了详细的介绍;进而,对以禁毒情报工作的需求为着力点,通过动态广泛的污水中毒品检测,以大数据的方式获得关于不同种类毒品的时间空间分布情况的方法进行说明论述,充分展现了环境污水检测技术的应用潜力及前景;最后,对此项工作目前在理论和实践中存在的问题与不足进行了简要的汇总和分析。     

《标准化法》修改及对司法鉴定的影响

《标准化法》在实施了近30年后,于近期进行了修改。《标准化法》主要做出了如下修改:将标准适用范围扩展到社会事业领域;严格界定强制性标准,避免强制性标准过滥;增加标准的有效供给,满足社会实践的需求;构建统一有序的标准体系,确保标准间衔接与配套。其中,《标准化法》提出了标准研制要求;强制性标准和具有强制执行效力的标准必须执行;相关单位应当公开其标准执行;不得利用标准优势不正当竞争等规定对鉴定活动将会产生深远影响。当前,我国鉴定机构存在标准制定不科学,标准更新不及时;鉴定机构对标准情况不掌握不了解;鉴定机构执行鉴定标准的意识不强;鉴定机构不公开鉴定活动执行标准信息;鉴定机构自己制定的标准比政府组织制定的标准低等现象,作者因此进行了剖析并提出了相应对策和建议。     

《人体损伤致残程度分级》与GEPI对足踝伤残评定的比较

目的本文通过对《人体损伤致残程度分级》和GEPI有关下肢足踝评定的内容进行比较研究,为《人体损伤致残程度分级》的修订提供建议。方法从条款分布、两个标准适用时的具体评定方法等方面对二者进行比较,并以GEPI足踝评定的残损值为参照,计算、分析《人体损伤致残程度分级》下肢条款致残率合理性。结果在跟骨骨折和踝关节创伤性关节炎评定方面,两个标准存在良好的对应性;在踝关节功能评定方面,除关节强直固定于非功能位的致残率略高于GEPI外,《人体损伤致残程度分级》其他条款与GEPI均具有良好的对应性。而在足弓结构破坏和足趾功能评定方面,两个标准对应性差,《人体损伤致残程度分级》评定的致残率明显高于GEPI。结论通过两个标准下肢足踝评定的比较,可以发现目前《人体损伤致残程度分级》的不足之处,提示在足弓结构破坏和足趾功能评定方面可能存在问题,需要进一步完善。     

中国近代法政杂志与分析法学研究

中国近代法政杂志是近代学者对分析法学深入研究的主要载体。分析法学在近代法政杂志中的介述、评论以及"中国新分析派法学"的诞生与发展,充分吻合中国近代法政杂志"求是致用"的宗旨,也为我们描绘出一幅分析法学在中国成长的生动图景。     

外伤性癫痫灶β-折叠蛋白的FTIR-mapping研究

目的研究外伤性癫痫致痫灶β-折叠蛋白的红外光谱改变。方法利用傅里叶红外光谱面扫描成像技术对大鼠外伤性癫痫脑组织标本进行检测,获得β-折叠蛋白结构的光谱数据,绘制致痫灶的红外光谱图像。结果致痫灶可见明显的β-折叠蛋白结构高吸收区,高吸收区色差、吸收度与低吸收区存在明显不同。结论外伤性癫痫致痫灶广泛存在β-折叠结构跨膜蛋白的改变,具有β-折叠结构的跨膜蛋白广泛参与了外伤性癫痫的发生。     

National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyses the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others.” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Science between 2014 and 2016.     

固相微萃取在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的应用

固相微萃取(solid phase microextraction, SPME)作为一种新型样品前处理技术已受到广泛关注。由于SPME集采样、萃取、浓缩、进样于一体,克服了传统样品前处理技术步骤繁琐、耗时耗力、所需样品量大等诸多缺点,因此在对生物样品中毒品等目标物的分析中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文以纤维SPME技术为例,综述了该技术在苯丙胺类毒品分析中的研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

“非典”防治与法治理论研讨会综述

20 0 3年 5月 30日 ,重庆市人大法制委员会、重庆市人民政府法制办公室、重庆市高级人民法院及西南政法大学四家单位联合主办 ,在西南政法大学召开了“‘非典’防治与法治理论研讨会”。围绕在处置公共危机的过程中 ,政府、社会、公民以及新闻媒介等的角色、职责、权利等问题 ,与会者就依法行政、信息公开、行政应急处置权、公民的合法权益的保护与救济、强制隔离措施的运用与完善等问题进行了热烈的讨论 ,提出通过依法防治非典 ,促进科学发展 ,促进法治的发展     

Between Disability and Terror: Handicapped Parking Space and Homeland Security at Fenway Park

In the United States, handicapped parking spaces tether the social construction of need to the legal assurance of equality of accessibility. However in places such as Fenway Park in Boston, the threat of terror distorts the intention of these spaces by politically reconfiguring their presence and meaning. As a result, our public interest is legally manipulated and socially challenged to preference the abstraction of threat over real life in even the most ordinary of places. This paper was originally written for an Independent Study with Laura Jensen, Political Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and entitled “Categories of Legitimacy” and presented at the New England Political Science Association Meeting in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, May 5, 2006. A later draft was presented at the International Roundtable for the Semiotics of Law at the Universite du Littoral, Bolougne sur Mer, France, May 22, 2006. Many many thanks are due Laura Jensen and John Brigham for their encouragement, continued enthusiasm and support. Much appreciation is also due the Department of Political Science, UMass/Amherst, for their engagement and suggestions offered at the Fall 2006 Colloquium series and to Kate Longley and Maria Koinova for their generous ideas for revision.     

Forensic science in South Africa: Status of the profession

The forensic science profession in South Africa is currently unregulated. There is also no national body that allows for the continued development or professional interaction of forensic scientists. The above has brought about a dire need to regulate the profession, in order to achieve the specific goals listed. To attain these objectives it is envisaged that the founding of a Forensic Science Academy in South Africa is of critical importance. The creation of a Forensic Science Academy was explored as the authors believe that such an Academy will provide structure to the profession of forensic science in South Africa – as well as paving the way towards regulation of the profession.     

Legislative Research Reports

The papers abstracted below were presented at the 2005 annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, held in Washington, DC.     

We Must Overcome the Causes of Terrorism in Russia

Lev Ponomarev--executive director of For Human Rights, a Russian national public movement--gave the following presentation to the Open Forum Club on 17 February 2004. The meeting focused on "The Factor of Terrorism and the Development of the Political Situation in Russia: Global Challenges and the Sociopolitical As-pect" [Faktor terrorizma i razvitie politicheskoi situatsii v Rossii: global'nye vyzovy i sotsial'no-politicheskii aspekt].     

Reviews

Gough Company Charges
Schlag Laying Down the Law: Mysticism, Fetishism and the American Legal Mind
Angel Science on Trial: The Clash of Medical Evidence and the Law in the Breast Implant Case
Farmer Criminal Law Tradition and Legal Order: Crime and the Genius of Scots Law 1747 to the Present
Saunders Violence as Obscenity: Limiting the Media's First Amendment Protection
Rawlings (ed) Law, Society, and Economy: Centenary Essays for the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895–1995     

A High Level of Interfacing: Society,Man, and Nature in the Age of Microelectronics,Information Science,and Biotechnology

Note from the editors of Voprosy filosofii: On 14-15 November 1984 the Scientific Council on the Philosophical and Social Problems of Science and Technology, under the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, jointly with the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, will hold an All-Union Conference, "Social and Methodological Problems of Scientific and Technical Progress" (Chairman of the Organization Committee: Academician P. N. Fedoseev, Vice-President of the USSR Academy of Sciences).     

基于GC-MS的溴鼠灵毒性代谢组学研究

目的运用尿液代谢组学方法对溴鼠灵毒性进行研究,揭示溴鼠灵干预对大鼠毒性作用的分子机制。方法采用气相色谱-质谱建立大鼠尿液的代谢指纹谱,采用主成分分析和偏最小二乘法判别分析比较溴鼠灵给药前后的代谢谱差异,利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析法找出与溴鼠灵毒性作用相关的差异代谢物。结果 PLS-DA得分图显示大鼠不同时点尿液样本代谢物轨迹在各时间段内相似度较好,呈现各自聚类现象。溴鼠灵中毒后,可诱导DNA损伤和突变,机体对神经损伤、肾损伤也出现修复、保护性反应。结论该研究结果表明代谢组学可为溴鼠灵毒性作用机制研究提供技术支持。     

Strategic Behaviour in Parliament

Most research on roll call votes considers each voting decision by members of parliament (MPs) as an independent observation. Only recently have scholars (for example, Clinton, 2012, American Journal of Political Science, 56, 355–372; Clinton & Meirowitz, 2004, American Journal of Political Science, 48, 675–689) started to assess how knowledge about the sequence of votes may help us to understand the legislative process in more detail. Many of these analyses are, however, predicated on quite important assumptions regarding the forward-looking capacities of MPs. In this paper, this more recent literature is drawn on and brought to bear on an analysis of two bills adopted in the Swiss parliament. Having detailed information available on MPs’ preferences over various options voted upon, it is possible to test whether MPs behave strategically, and to what degree they are capable of anticipating the way forward through the agenda tree. Evidence is found that MPs behave strategically, but their foresight is not as perfect as one would expect from theoretical models.     

On the training of specialists for forensic biological departments of forensic medical bureaus

The author analyses the main activities of the departments of forensic medicine in the Russian Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education and the Sankt-Peterburg Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education in the sphere of training and education of biologist experts. Information about the participants of these educational and training programs is presented. Taken together, these data give an idea of the character of post-diploma training of biologist experts and its dynamics during the period from 1950 and 2010. Results of the analysis may be of value for the long-term planning of advanced professional training and upgrading of qualification of the experts for forensic biological departments.     

Chechnya—Preliminary Results

The Army in the political processes of the disintegration of the Soviet empire, the resurrection of Russia, and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States—these extremely urgent issues were discussed at a roundtable of a group of military scholars. The discussion was organized by the editorial board of the journal Polis, together with the military section of the Russian Association of Political Scientists (RAP). The materials were prepared for print by G.A. Abramov (Polis) and V.K. Egorov, acting secretary of the RAP.