Russian Police Involvement in the Shadow Economy

Police corruption has its roots in the de facto privatization of the police, the system of police administration, and an informal social contract among elites.     

Two-Thirds of Russian Citizens Are Afraid of the Ministry of Fear

According to a public opinion survey of Russians, more than 80 percent of respondents are concerned about abuses committed by law-enforcement personnel, but not all of them lay the blame for this on minister Rashid Nurgaliyev.     

Mind the Gap: Attitudes about Miranda Warnings among Police Chiefs and Citizens

Research shows that the police subculture can be characterized by a distinct set of values and beliefs. Much of the police subculture research has focused on common characteristics and values found among a sample of police officers. Fewer studies have considered how the police, as a group, are similar to citizens. In this study, attention is given to similarities and differences in how the police and the public perceive the Miranda warnings. Attention is also given to whether type of neighborhood (low crime versus high crime) is related to attitudes about the Miranda warnings. Findings suggest that while the warnings are perceived in different ways there are similarities that could bridge the gap between the police and public. Implications are suggested.     

国民共享改革发展成果略论

不少国家的发展历程表明,在人均收入达到一定水平时,多元利益主体的不同诉求将使社会管理进入复杂局面。其中,利益均衡是一个核心问题。从经济学角度看,社会公平要求决策者在经济增长与资源环境、公平与效率之间找到平衡;从社会学角度看,社会公平要求决策者调节各社会成员间不同利益群体的关系,以缩小因社会分工造成的贫富差距;从政治学角度看,社会公平要求决策者保护公民的基本人权,维护和实现社会公平。经济发展的目的在于提升全民福祉。     

Gennady Korepanov: We Are Obliged to Guard Russian Citizens Against Cruelty

The speaker of the Tiumen Oblast Duma Sergei Korepanov argues that the chief tasks of the police reform are to forewarn citizens about possible crimes and to prepare a new kind of police.     

当代英国警察改革研究综述——以2002年《警察改革法》为视角

20世纪末21世纪初,英国社会在经济和政治等各方面都发生了深刻变化,传统的警察制度面临挑战.为适应形势需要,2002年,英国国会颁布<警察改革法>,对现行警察制度进行全面改革.     

论警察权的法理属性与设置改革

警察权包括治安行政管理权和刑事侦查权。在学界,对治安行政管理权属于行政权性质的认识一般是明确的。但对刑事侦查权是属于行政权还是司法权性质的认识并不明确。警察权在法理属性和制度设计上的这种模糊性是导致警察违规事件屡屡发生的重要原因之一。因此,明确警察权的法理属性、正确看待警察权设置上存在的主要问题,并通过必要的制度架构改革对之进行适度改造,对防止和减少警察违规事件的发生具有积极意义。     

警察院校射击教学现状与改革

当前严峻的治安形势要求我们警察院校改革射击教学的现状,警察院校的射击教学应更好地面向基层,面向实战,改进射击教学的方法,提高警察院校的射击教学水平.     

俄罗斯当代刑事立法关于犯罪概念的变革——兼与中国现行刑事立法相比较

俄罗斯1996年新刑法典关于犯罪概念的立法模式沿袭了1958年以来苏俄刑事立法采取的形式———实质概念模式。但是,新刑法典的规定和变革因批判地继承民族立法的传统,特别是反映俄罗斯刑事立法和刑法学发展的最新成果而显得更为科学和合逻辑性。新中国成立以来,刑法典关于犯罪概念的立法规定深受苏俄刑事立法的影响,但是,由于俄罗斯新刑法典的变革,两国关于犯罪概念的立法表述和内容有了较大的区别。这值得我们去了解和研究,以资借鉴。     

警务实战应用与教学改革之探讨

人民警察在执法行动中,面对各种违法犯罪分子和犯罪嫌疑人,警察缉捕行动任务艰巨,瞬息万变,极具危险性。研究警察实战应用战术,转变思想观念,针对性展开教学改革,提高人民警察为人民服务意识、法制意识、战术意识以及自我保护意识,准确有效的控制、制服犯罪分子和犯罪嫌疑人至关重要。     

欧盟合并控制法的根本变革

在全球经济一体化、欧盟实施货币一体化、成员增加之际 ,欧盟开始了对欧盟合并控制制度的进一步完善。 2 0 0 4年初 ,欧盟理事会通过了新的合并控制条例 ,欧盟委员会通过了与之配套的欧盟历史上第一个合并评估准则 ,代表着欧盟的合并控制制度发生了根本性的变化。欧盟新合并条例 ,实体上采取了新的合并控制标准 ,由支配地位标准改为重大阻碍有效竞争标准 ;程序上在坚持单一程序原则的基础上 ,实行欧盟委员会与成员国双向移交的模式。合并评估准则建立了合并效果评估的法律框架和评估因素 ,在合并评估中正式认可了效率的积极作用。     

论我国刑事诉讼中警检关系的完善

我国刑事诉讼中的警检关系存在着缺陷。为此,学术界提出了一些改革方案。本文对主要的改革方案加以分析和评价,在此基础上提出自己的看法:我国应建立相互配合的警检关系。     

The Salience of Social Contextual Factors in Appraisals of Police Interactions with Citizens: A Randomized Factorial Experiment

Objectives

Prior research indicates that public assessments of the manner in which the police exercise their authority are a key antecedent of judgments about the legitimacy of the police. In this study, the importance of context in influencing people’s assessment of police wrongdoing is examined.

Methods

A randomized factorial experiment was used to test how respondents perceive and evaluate police–citizens interactions along a range of types of situations and encounters. 1,361 subjects were surveyed on factors hypothesized to be salient influences on how citizens perceive and evaluate citizen interactions with police. Subjects viewed videos of actual police–citizen encounters and were asked for their evaluations of these observed encounters. Contextual primes were used to focus subjects on particular aspects of the context within which the encounter occurs.

Results

Structural equation models revealed that social contextual framing factors, such as the climate of police–community relations and the legality of the stop that led to the encounter, influence citizen appraisals of police behavior with effects comparable in size to and even larger than demographic variables such as education, race, and income.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the understandings and perceptions that people bring to a situation are important determinants of their assessment of police fairness. The police can positively influence citizen interpretations of police actions by striving to create a climate of positive police–community relationships in cities.     

When Citizens Fight Back: Justice Sensitivity and Resistance to Political Reform

A considerable number of individuals show resistance to reform, whereas others, although similarly affected, do not react in a resistant way at all. Based on research showing that people differ concerning how sensitive they are toward being a victim of injustice (victim justice sensitivity), we argued that people high in victim justice sensitivity perceive a reform more as an illegitimate limitation to their freedom resulting in more reactance. Consequently, people high in victim justice sensitivity should show more resistance to reform. We conducted three studies to test these assumptions. Our studies revealed that physicians (healthcare reform, Study 1) and students (introduction of tuition fees, Studies 2 and 3) with higher victim justice sensitivity experienced more reactance and thus showed more resistance to reform. The implications of these results for the implementation of political reforms are discussed.     

对铁路警务组织体制与指挥机制改革的探讨——以铁路公安机关转制为视角

铁路公安机关的体制改革,与国家警察体制改革一起,是我国政治体制改革的一部分,无论是队伍建设,还是警务活动,铁路公安机关都发生了深刻的变化。当前铁路公安指挥系统和处置体系现状存在许多问题如警力严重不足与警务工作量刚性增加矛盾凸现成为制约铁路公安发展的瓶颈,应立足警力无增长改善思路,制定和完善预案体系、建立集约、高效的铁路警务作战指挥体系,提高指挥效能,培养高素质指挥人才。     

公安高等教育人才培养模式改革探索

公安高等教育,是为各级公安机关输送合格人才的主渠道.跨进21世纪,公安工作对公安高等教育人才培养提出新的更高要求.改革人才培养模式,造就大批符合"政治坚定、业务精通、作风优良、执法公正"总要求的公安高级专门人才,是公安高等教育服务公安工作、体现存在价值进而谋求发展的关键.当前公安高等教育在人才培养模式上还存在诸多问题,应予以改革.     

The Debate over Police Reform: Examining Minority Support for Citizen Oversight and Resistance by Police Unions

Researchers have argued that the creation of citizen oversight often involves debate between those that support its use and the police which do not. Police unions, for example, have a long history of objecting to the creation of oversight, especially during collective bargaining. Minority demands for police reform, on the other hand, can lend support for its implementation, especially after a highly publicized case of misconduct between the police and minority citizens. Using a retrospective approach, this study examined the extent to which these opposing forces influenced the existence of oversight. Findings suggest that departments that engage in collective bargaining were no more likely to use an oversight agency than departments that did not engage in collective bargaining. Cities with large percentages of African Americans, however, were more likely to have an existing oversight agency.     

论公民请愿自由

请愿自由是公民所享有的一项基本政治权利 ,广泛性、强制性、公共性及参与性是其基本特征。在现代社会 ,请愿权具有重要的宪政价值 ,已经为越来越多的国家的宪法和一些国际人权公约所确认。请愿自由入宪不仅对我国当前的改革、发展与稳定有着特殊意义 ,而且还具有现实的可能性。为此 ,我国应当在宪法典中明确承认请愿权概念 ,并制定专门法律     

社会转型期俄罗斯土地市场化改革中的法律控制

在俄罗斯土地法中土地首先是极为重要的自然环境组成部分、是作为俄罗斯境内从事经济活动和其他一切人类活动的基础、是公法客体与公共利益的载体,其次才是民法中所有权和其他私权的客体——地块。任何地块总是广袤不可分的俄罗斯土地的组成部分,这确立了其土地法中公共性原则对私法权利的无遗漏、严格的指导与约束地位,防止了社会转型过程中土地改革的过度市场化。