Science Is Golden: Academic R&D and University Patents

Many studies have shown indirect effects of academic research by linking academic research to firm patents. However, since the Bayh-Dole Act, universities are allowed to patent inventions that were funded by federal money and to retain the royalties that these patents generate. As a consequence, universities now are interested in protecting their profitable discoveries, just like any commercial firm doing R&D. In this paper, we apply the econometric techniques traditionally used to estimate the patent production function of firms to data on the patents of American universities. We find that more money spent on academic research leads to more university patents, with elasticities that are similar to those found for commercial firms. In addition, we provide estimates of the effect of establishing a Technology Transfer Office on a university's patent output.     

A Design for Russia

Occupying as it does an intermediate position between East and West, Russia from time to time finds it necessary to reexamine its status as a civilized country: it perpetuates itself in history by changing its civilizational orientations—by searching for a new balance between Western and Eastern impulses. Any reform in Russia weakens the screws that "fasten" the country firmly to a specific point on the axis between East and West, thus creating the danger of destabilization. Most countries, both Eastern and Western, are part of more or less stable civilized systems: a cupola over them protects them from the chaos of history. Russia, however, is its own civilizational system, yet a more fragile and mobile one owing to its intermediate position. State power and civilizational fragility—such is the antinomy of Russia's destiny, something our social reformers frequently forget.     

Aslan Maskhadov: My Challenge Is Addressed to the President of Russia

The leader of Ichkeria explained to Kommersant to whom the order on the truce was directed.     

中俄资格刑比较研究

资格刑作为一种特殊的刑罚方式被世界大多数国家所采用,其是剥夺或者限制被判刑人实施犯罪的一些前提条件和身份的一种刑罚。在人类社会的不断发展过程中,资格刑作为一个古老的刑罚种类在特殊预防犯罪上有其特殊意义。资格刑的发展和完善对我国的法治国家建设起到了一个良好的促进作用,也符合国际刑罚发展的潮流。通过对中俄资格刑进行多角度比较研究,发现我国资格刑的缺陷,并在此基础上提出完善措施,以期对我国资格刑的发展有所裨益。     

Russia: A Country with an Unpredictable Past

Russia is a key player in the Kyoto process, and the fate of the Protocol itself heavily depends on future developments in the country, in particular in its energy sector. This article analyses the contradictory and complex relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, gas exports to Western Europe and the energy security of Russia. The paper reviews emerging trends in the energy sector of Russia that will have a long-term impact on these three parameters and assesses the possible influence of these trends on the implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution in Russia. Proceeding from the latest developments in the Russian energy scene, the author tries to forecast how Russia will integrate into the international community in the energy sphere. The study concludes that gas export commitments to Europe will be met despite the serious problems in the domestic gas sector, that energy saving in Russia is the most feasible way of finding a compromise between the three parameters, and that enhancing the energy security of Russia might have rather controversial consequences for Europe.     

俄罗斯的环境保护与立法权

从20世纪90年代起,俄罗斯开始进行积极的生态立法活动,经过十几年的积累,形成了独具俄罗斯特色的生态法律体系及立法特点,积累了丰富的立法经验。其中关于生态立法一体化以及其他立法的生态化趋向,彰显了俄罗斯生态立法中人与自然和谐统一的生态立法理念和价值诉求。但是,现行俄罗斯生态立法中也存在着立法活动与宪法原则不衔接的问题,而构建协调合理的生态法律体系,必须以能否遵守、实现和维护公民的良好环境享有权作为唯一评判标准。     

Is Judicial Review Democratic? A Comment on Harel

Law and Philosophy -     

俄罗斯行政检察制度研究

当代俄罗斯行政检察制度由法律执行情况检察监督、行政违法行为检察监督、行政诉讼检察监督三部分构成。俄罗斯行政检察的理论以检察监督的基本理论为基础,结合三部分子内容的专门理论构建而成。法律执行情况检察监督分为法律执行检察监督以及遵守人和公民的权利与自由检察监督两部分。在行政违法行为检察监督中,检察机关对公务人员的行政违法行为以及行政违法案件的提起、审理和裁决实行监督。在行政诉讼检察监督方面,检察机关有权提起行政诉讼,在诉讼过程中提交结论以及对各审级法院的裁决提出抗诉。我国行政检察应将规范性法律文件纳入行政检察监督范围,增加行政检察的监督手段,加强检察机关对公民个人权利的保护。     

The Scale of the Postcommunist Disaster Is Not Understood Outside Russia : Interview with Eric Hobsbawm by Vladislav Inozemtsev

In July 1985, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee examined and approved proposals on construction, including housing and cultural and service facilities, of youth housing complexes created with the direct labor participation of youth.¹     

俄罗斯司法鉴定考察报告

司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所赴俄罗斯司法鉴定考察团一行7人,于2009年8月22日至31日对俄罗斯司法鉴定体制和司法鉴定制度进行了考察。在俄期间,先后考察了俄罗斯司法部司法鉴定中心、卫生部司法鉴定中心、国防部司法鉴定中心、卫生部司法精神病学研究所等司法鉴定机构。主要介绍了俄罗斯司法鉴定机构设置及其运行的基本情况,俄罗斯司法鉴定的技术现状,以及考察后的感言。     

A Study of the System of Spousal Maintenance on Divorce: A Comparison between China and Russia

This article compares the systems of maintenance on or afterdivorce in Russia and China. Admittedly, we think that a recentamendment to the Marriage Law of China 2001 is significant insolving the practical problem of most divorced women who haveno home in which to live. However, through this comparison,we find there are still some defects in the financial assistancesystem on divorce in China. First, the conditions under whichfinancial assistance is awarded are too restrictive; second,there are no factors that a judge must consider when determiningthe amount of financial assistance; third, enforcement measuresare inadequate. Finally, there is no statutory provision underwhich the financial assistance is exempted, limited, adjustedor terminated.     

Restructuring Justice in Russia: A New Era of Challenges

This paper reviews the criminal justice system in Russia from historical and contemporary perspectives. The realities of greater liberalization and the dissolution of the Central Soviet Government will have a significant impact of the future criminal justice program. Based on a criminal justice delegation including meetings with Soviet criminal justice participants, it is argued that the Soviet will likely lean toward incorporating a more continental crime reduction ideology instead of a Western-style Common Law that emphasizes legal process rather than crime reduction.     

俄罗斯转轨的“腐痛”与忧思

2013年3月,俄罗斯反腐法案细则出台,为俄罗斯庞大的反腐败法律体系又增添了一项规范。陛文件。俄罗斯的腐败问题自苏东巨变以来—直是世界关注的焦点,诸多其他转轨国家冀望于俄罗斯提供反腐败的良治经验。遗憾的是,俄罗斯反腐败的曲折性和艰巨性超出了世人预期,二十多年来,     

俄罗斯行政救济制度述评

俄罗斯行政救济制度在其国内表述为“行政司法制度”,其形成和发展经历了由权力救济模式向权利救济模式的转换过程。而促成这一转换则依赖于当代俄罗斯奉行的人权保障原则以及经济转轨、政治转型等社会条件。俄罗斯行政救济制度的内容主要包括公民请愿制度、行政重新审查制度、行政诉讼制度、人权全权代表制度以及公民权利的国际司法救济制度等。俄罗斯行政救济制度未来发展的应然选择是改革和完善行政系统内的行政重新审查制度和行政系统外的行政诉讼制度。