Threats to Perceptions of Fairness in the Termination of Parental Rights

Termination of parental rights (TPR) proceedings are among the most important family court activities. This study contributes to knowledge of the TPR process by illustrating practices employed in TPR proceedings and considering ways that certain practices can hinder perceptions of fairness. TPR court records from one state were analyzed using inductive coding procedures. The analysis identified nine categories of threats to perceptions of fairness in the TPR process. Findings have implications for procedural justice and the legitimacy of child welfare practice.     

Family Values in the Classroom? Reconciling Parental Wishes and Children's Rights in State Schools

This article examines the extent to which the law should permitdivergence in various aspects of state education by allowingschools to accede to a parent’s request for differenttreatment for his or her child. With a view to this the articleexplores some of the areas where contention is likely to occur;describes the current legal frameworks for responding to theserequests; and articulates the competing rights and interestsat stake when a parent makes a request for his or her childto be exempt from part of the education on offer at a publiclyfunded school. It emerges that the current legal responses arenot only inconsistent but are also in many instances incompatiblewith the United Kingdom’s international human rights obligations.The article concludes by suggesting a new model for the resolutionof these disputes which provides a mechanism for balancing parents’wishes with children’s rights and the broader public interestsat stake.     

Parental Responsibility

Families are the first level in our society with the responsibility and authority to prevent substance abuse by their children and to intervene if their children become involved. They are responsible for exemplifying and teaching the values of drug-free lives for their children. These responsibilities are more than the practice of good parenting skills. They are inherent responsibilities recognized by society and by law. Supported in their efforts by community services, parents must be encouraged to fulfill their roles and to recognize themselves as accountable.     

知识产权：自然权利亦或法定之权

就财产权的正当性而言,以洛克财产权劳动学说为代表的自然权利论和源于休谟并经边沁等人发扬光大的功利主义影响最为深远.两种理论看似难以调和的两极,实则从不同侧面揭示了财产权的正当性基础.在这个意义上,知识产权既是源于创造性活动的自然权利,又是国家基于功利原则授予的法定之权.     

Parental opposition to deinstitutionalization

Parental opposition to the deinstitutionalization of mentally retarded persons is a growing, organized phenomenon which has recently emerged as a nationwide challenge to the deinstitutionalization movement. It is a challenge, however, which has been virtually ignored by key actors in the movement, including planners and implementers of deinstitutionalization schemes, systemic and individual advocates, and researchers. In order to begin to address and appropriately resolve the challenges posed by this phenomenon, an examination of it was undertaken in Nebraska using a tripartite conceptual framework which (1) historically described the national and state social-legal context within which parental opposition has emerged; (2) identified the bases of the opposition; and (3) recommended how these concerns could be addressed and appropriately resolved by offering directions for future research and policy analysis based upon applicable psychological theories and studies, and legal decisions and principles.American Association for the Advancement of Science-American Psychological Association Congressional Science fellow, Washington, D.C.     

论作为财产权的水权

将水权客体——水资源的功能概括为生活功能、资源功能和环境功能,认为水权的财产权性质在水资源的不同功能区间中得到体现,其中水资源的生活功能对应的是作为宪法财产权的水权,水资源的资源功能对应的是作为民法财产权的水权,水资源的环境功能对应的是作为宪法财产权或共用财产权的水权。在此基础上,提出作为财产权的水权的实现机制及对我国水资源保护和利用的启示。     

论专利被许可使用权之债权属性

从《专利法》第11条的“未经许可”规定来看，将专利权视为消极排除权较将其视为积极使用权更为合理。一旦将专利权视为消极排除权，专利权人不能积极行使排除权，专利许可是专利权人容忍被许可人“进入”了其“排除”范围，被许可人仅取得了使用专利的行为资格。而且，专利被许可使用权是通过合同产生的，被许可使用权是一种合同债权。即使在目前大多将专利权视为积极使用权的情况下，专利被许可使用权只能是合同债权，不能成为类似于用益物权的权利，也不能被物权化。     

论环境权的人权属性

对于环境权的属性问题一直是法学界争论的一个焦点 ,可谓众说纷纭 ,莫衷一是。从权利本原的角度入手 ,阐述目前我国研究权利特别是环境权的范式存在的误区 ,提出应从唯物主义的立场揭示环境权的自然权利属性。同时 ,对人权的历史发展中概念、性质、主体和内容的变化进行剖析 ,推断出环境权符合人权的构成要件 ,在精神实质与价值内涵上与人权存在固有的联系 ,是一项人类社会生存与发展不可或缺的基本人权。     

Are Procedural Rights Derivative Substantive Rights?

Law and Philosophy -     

欧美：严惩国际儿童诱拐

作为移民国家,美国父母诱拐儿童的历史由来已久,而且案发量逐年增加。为此,美国加快了立法进程,逐步形成了较为完备的法律体系。目前不但联邦有统一的法律,而且各州也制定了相关的法律。既有涉及民事的法律,又有涉及刑事的法律。在所有50个州的法律中,都将父母拐骗行为定为严重犯罪。     

信息网络传播权的权利限制

信息网络传播权是著作权在网络中最重要的权能之一,是著作权人的权利在网络环境中的延伸和扩张.它是法律赋予著作权人控制自己的作品在网络上传播的专有权利,与网络文化的自由开放精神相冲突,对其进行限制成为必要,同时有必要从合理使用与法定许可两方面予以完善.     

Insatiable Rights

The essay criticises Ferrajoli's ideas about political democracyand the relationship between it and fundamental rights. Thedefinition of `substantial democracy' furnished by Ferrajoliis considered inopportune, because it claims to provide a semanticsolution to the normative problem of the limits of content ofdemocratic decisions. Ferrajoli is also criticised for equatingconstitutions with the social contract, with the result thatthe functioning of political democracy is tied to unanimousconsent and constitutions are treated as eternal. Finally, theauthor argues that treating the lack of guarantees of fundamentalrights in a legal order as a technical gap is tantamount toconceiving rights and their guarantees as something preordainedto positive law and subtracting them from the democraticlegislator's political decisions.