Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation State Duma: Transcript of Session on April 13, 2012

Russian minister of internal affairs Rashid Nurgaliyev fends off criticism of members of the Russian Parliament and vows to continue to police reform.     

警务实战应用与教学改革之探讨

人民警察在执法行动中,面对各种违法犯罪分子和犯罪嫌疑人,警察缉捕行动任务艰巨,瞬息万变,极具危险性。研究警察实战应用战术,转变思想观念,针对性展开教学改革,提高人民警察为人民服务意识、法制意识、战术意识以及自我保护意识,准确有效的控制、制服犯罪分子和犯罪嫌疑人至关重要。     

我国政府信息公开的问题、对策与前瞻

我国信息公开工作在主动公开、依申请公开、公开的管理体制、公开渠道、公开的监督与救济方面分别存在诸多问题。完善信息公开工作需要进一步完善主动公开机制、规范并健全依申请公开机制、创新信息公开管理体制、推动信息公开渠道的多元化构建、创新信息公开救济方式。在《政府信息公开条例》修改中,要把握好政府信息的界定、信息公开申请人资格与滥用信息公开申请权、信息公开的例外事项、信息公开的决定、信息公开的收费等问题。此外,还应处理好信息公开制度与档案保管规则、个人信息保护的制度衔接。     

Force,Stress, and Decision-Making Within the Belgian Police: the Impact of Stressful Situations on Police Decision-Making

Stress and fear are inevitable aspects of the police job and may have a large impact on police officers’ decision-making process. Many studies have explored how stress and fear may influence assessments of police officers, especially with regard to the use of force. This article aims to contribute to this research domain by reporting the findings from two empirical studies among Belgian police officers: a quantitative study of police officers’ attitudes towards and experiences with the use of force and a qualitative study on the influence of stress and emotions on officers’ decision-making and assessment abilities and accuracy of shooting. Both studies confirmed that stress and fear are often present in Belgian police practice. One of the main findings is that Belgian police officers are anxious about the consequences of their actions because they know they will be held accountable for them. The pressure that results from this accountability can make it even more difficult for police officers to react to stressful situations. Therefore, we need to look for the right balance in this difficult position, by providing tools that support police officers in making daily decisions, and help them do their job as effectively as possible.     

派出所国内安全保卫工作的问题与对策

将国内安全保卫工作落实到派出所是新时期国内安全保卫工作改革和发展的一项重要措施。但落实这一措施却有不少问题和困难,对这些问题和困难应加以重视并逐步解决,这项基础工作才能够取得突破。     

Implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act in State Police and Highway Patrol Agencies: Results of a National Survey

This article provides an empirical analysis of Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) implementation within the law enforcement profession. Specifically, the study reports results from a national survey of state police/highway patrol agencies regarding practical implementation of the ADA. The data is analyzed in terms of population size and collective bargaining status. Results of this endeavor indicate that implementation of the ADA within law enforcement is difficult, especially as applied to the work of sworn personnel. These challenges are somewhat diminished when applied to non-sworn personnel such as dispatchers, administrators, and clerical personnel. The most substantial obstacles to implementation of the ADA within law enforcement is not associated with political officials or administrators. Instead, most arise from the lack of training and vague legislative language and regulatory standards. Smaller states and those without collective bargaining report lower levels of accommodation; however, there are few statistically significant differences in terms of population and collective bargaining.     

留守妇女在乡村治理中的公共参与及其影响——来自苏、鄂、甘地区的一项研究报告

改革开放以来,随着农村劳动力的大规模外移,我国农村出现了一个数以千万计的留守妇女群体.目前,她们不但是农村生产生活的一支重要力量,而且也是参与村民自治和社会公共生活的重要力量,在乡村治理中发挥了人们始料不及的积极作用和影响,表现出了以往农村妇女从来没有过的主体性和重要作用.本文以苏、鄂、甘地区的实证研究资料为依据,探讨了当前农村留守妇女在公共生活参与等方面对农村社会发展的实际影响,进而引发促进农村留守妇女积极发展的若干思考.     

Perceived Citizen Cooperation, Police Operational Philosophy, and Job Satisfaction on Support for Civilian Oversight of the Police in South Korea

While civilian oversight in matters pertaining to police accountability is commonly found in law enforcement agencies in Western countries, this concept is fairly new to many emerging democracies. This study examines the origins and development of citizen oversight of the police in South Korea. Using a sample consisting of 406 surveyed Korean police officers, this study further examines the effects of individual factors and organizational characteristics, such as police operational philosophy, citizen support, and job satisfaction, on officers’ perceptions of civilian oversight of the police. The findings suggest that, although South Korean police officers are generally ambivalent about the role of civilian oversight, there is a strong relationship between organizational characteristics and support for a civilian role in police oversight.     

政府购买养老服务研究现状、热点与前瞻--基于CNKI期刊的共词分析

对我国政府购买养老服务的研究成果进行梳理,从总体上定位其研究的热点主题、概括其研究特点,可以为该领域今后的研究提供理论前瞻。本文以CNKI作为数据来源,采用共词分析法,通过聚类分析、多维尺度分析、社会网络分析绘制出政府购买养老服务研究知识图谱。研究发现,政府购买养老服务的研究热点包括养老服务需求、养老模式、体制机制、养老服务事业发展、问题与对策等;呈现出以政策为导向、以实践为导向、以定性分析为主的研究特点。研究内容将呈现多样化趋势,研究方法采用定量与定性相结合,研究热点将聚焦在社会治理、制度创新等方面。     

政府绩效评估中的公民参与：价值预期、内在困境与制度性建构

政府绩效评估是当代社会政治经济全球化、民主化发展的产物,是政府管理发展的必然要求。公民参与政府绩效评估,不仅是促进民主行政发展的重要手段,也是提高政府绩效评估质量的有效途径。本文从关注政府绩效评估中公民参与的价值预期入手,着力分析了公民参与绩效评估的内在困境,并努力寻求制度化完善的路径,以期为我国地方治理的民主化道路选择和走向提供一些有益的思路。     

Problems and Prospects for the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources Twenty Years On*

Abstract

Twenty years after its adoption, the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) remains unique among fisheries agreements in its declared commitment to considering the impact of existing or proposed fisheries on the entire ecosystem, rather than on just the harvested species. However, the recent picture of fisheries activities within the Convention area suggests a substantial ‐ and perhaps widening ‐ gap between theory and practice. The fishery that has most clearly proven beyond CCAMLR's capacity, and which has resulted in the most significant damage to the Antarctic environment in modern times is that for Patagonian Toothfish, Dissostichus eleginoides. That fishery is discussed in more detail below. The roots of that problem in conjunction with structural problems that have contributed to CCAMLR's inability to deal with the toothfish challenge threaten to be repeated in the second‐generation krill fishery that is rapidly developing in Antarctic waters. The authors provide suggestions for structural and procedural changes within CCAMLR to permit it to effectively manage the marine living resources of the Southern Ocean.     

Organizational Climate, Perceived Citizen Support, and Job Satisfaction of Police Officers: Findings from the Post-Grand Reform Era in South Korea

Two major police reforms were introduced in South Korea in 1991 and 1999 to help bring about a shift from a colonial style of policing to a form more prevalent in developed economies pursuing the rule of law, observance of human rights, and the practice of democratic policing. We conclude that the findings from the present study, drawing on a survey of a national sample of 406 South Korean police officers, offer modest support for the efforts of the Grand Reform in its impact on police officers?? satisfaction with promotion and salary and benefits. While few demographic characteristics, with the exception of age and years of experience, were associated with job satisfaction, there is strong evidence for the relationship between organizational characteristics and job satisfaction. Management support and perceived citizen support of police are associated with both measures of satisfaction, promotion and salary/benefits, while the police officers?? relationship with their supervisors is less than stellar. Finally, officers who believe that the primary operating philosophy of the police is to serve the government appear to be satisfied with their jobs relative to their opportunity for promotion, which is perhaps a more critical measure for them than salary and benefits, reflecting the presence of a police organizational climate that is still rooted in the historical military culture of Korean police. The findings from this study suggest that more efforts are warranted in improving organizational climate if officers are to believe their primary goal is to serve the citizen, a fundamental element of democratic policing.     

Racial Threat,Social (Dis)organization,and the Ecology of Police: Towards a Macro-level Understanding of Police Use-of-force in Communities of Color

Abstract

In this paper, we examine use-of-force incidents as neighborhood processes to understand how rates and levels of use-of-force vary across New York City. We suggest that there are two distinct outcomes of force by the police: number of use-of-force incidents and level of force. Applying theories of racial threat, social disorganization, and Klinger’s ecological theory of policing, we conceptualize use-of-force as a neighborhood phenomenon rather than individual events. Our results suggest that rates and levels of force operate in some distinct ways. In particular, while we find that use-of-force is concentrated in Black neighborhoods, and is also more severe in Black neighborhoods, neighborhoods with higher racial and ethnic heterogeneity have decreasing force incidents, but with increasing severity. This may reflect different types of policing, with high rates of low-level police harassment occurring in primarily poorer, Black neighborhoods, and more isolated but severe incidents occurring in middle-income and wealthier mixed neighborhoods.     

Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation No. 795 of August 15, 2012, Moscow, On the Rules for Making Apologies to a Citizen Whose Rights and Freedoms Have Been Violated by a Police Employee

Order No. 795 defines the rules for making apologies to a citizen whose rights and freedoms have been violated by a police employee.     

反垄断法域外适用问题及其前景分析

本文阐述了反垄断法域外适用的涵义、原则,在介绍反垄断法域外适用现状基础上着重分析了该问题引起的一系列法律和事实上的冲突,并就解决该冲突的前景时持了分析.     

暴力袭警行为的体系地位、规范含义及司法适用

《刑法》第277条第5款所规定的暴力袭击正在依法执行职务的人民警察的行为属于妨害公务罪法定的从重量刑情节,而不是犯罪构成要件。该款的暴力行为无论是在体系地位上还是在具体内容上都应当与第1款的暴力行为同等看待,该款的暴力行为应当属于广义的暴力。构成依法执行职务,必须是人民警察执行职务的行为在其抽象的职务权限内,而且具有具体的职务权限,并且符合作为执行职务必须的重要程序、方式。判断是否属于重要程序和方式应当从该程序、方式对于相对人权利的影响进行实质判断。正在执行,应当理解为从开始执行特定的职务,一直到执行结束这一事件范围内的所有职务行为,而且该行为应当属于具有连续性或者一体性的执行职务的情况。妨害公务罪应当属于抽象危险犯的范畴,成立本罪的既遂形态并不需要造成人民警察人身伤亡的后果。在造成人民警察轻伤以上或者死亡后果的场合,构成本罪与故意伤害罪或者故意杀人罪的想象竞合犯。同时,该款规定还可以适用于第4款国家安全机关、公安机关的人民警察依法执行国家安全任务的情况。     

新世纪国家对农村教师队伍建设的特别性支持政策:成效、问题与建议

新世纪以来,国家实施了一系列支持农村教师队伍建设的政策措施.这些政策对发展农村教育具有重要意义.政策实施已取得积极成效,但也存在实践中的困境.当前,必须继续强化支持农村教师队伍建设的历史使命、实施对农村教师待遇的差别支持、构建有利于农村教师队伍建设的体制机制,不断完善农村教师队伍建设的国家支持政策.