Russia: The Official Church Chooses the State

The author argues that relations with the state are still much more important to the Moscow Patriarchate than relations with its own flock.     

从一起国家赔偿案看法律援助的职能作用

马腾志因涉嫌职务侵占罪于2005年10月27日被深圳市公安局龙岗分局刑事拘留,同年11月25日经深圳市龙岗区人民检察院批准逮捕,同日由深圳市公安局龙岗分局执行。     

Restructuring Justice in Russia: A New Era of Challenges

This paper reviews the criminal justice system in Russia from historical and contemporary perspectives. The realities of greater liberalization and the dissolution of the Central Soviet Government will have a significant impact of the future criminal justice program. Based on a criminal justice delegation including meetings with Soviet criminal justice participants, it is argued that the Soviet will likely lean toward incorporating a more continental crime reduction ideology instead of a Western-style Common Law that emphasizes legal process rather than crime reduction.     

俄罗斯国家所有权实现方式探微

俄罗斯民法典按照国家所有权的目的规定了两种国家所有权的实现方式.一种是国家所有权与他物权性质的经营权和业务管理权的并立;另一种是国家所有权与法人所有权的并立.这两种方式的合理性值得我国反思《物权法草案》的有关规定.     

论国家治理体系与治理能力现代化制度体系的功能建构

制度建设作为现代国家治理的核心内容和首要任务,发挥着衔接和支持国家治理体系与治理能力良性运作的根本功能。国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的制度功能体系建设主要包括社会动员与政治整合、资源汲取与利益分配、关系协调与国家稳定三个方面。在国家治理现代化过程中,制度建设推进国家权力向社会系统有效渗透并充分汲取所需资源,在对市场实施宏观调控的基础上实现社会成员生活改善与利益关系均衡,从而巩固政府、市场与社会的制度化互动关系。     

联合国改革与现代国际法：挑战、影响和作用

联合国的改革进程涉及诸多国际法问题，它对国家主权平等原则、不干涉内政原则和禁止以武力相威胁或使用武力原则提出了挑战。联合国改革与集体安全制度、《联合国宪章》的修改也密切相关。在联合国的改革进程中，现代国际法将发挥重要作用。同时，联合国改革又将进一步推动现代国际法的发展。     

公司住所的功能、挑战与制度应对

住所为公司设立要件之一,认定上可分为事实标准与登记标准,即主要办事机构所在地与注册登记地的区分。司法实务中认定住所具有一定的不确定性。基于功能主义解读,法律制度中的住所发挥实体功能、管理功能与人格功能,三者共同组成了完整的体系。信息时代来临,我国进行了广泛而深入的商事登记制度改革,整体的趋势为逐步放宽对住所的要求,新技术条件对住所也产生影响,住所的三项功能皆面临挑战。住所制度的完善应坚持整体原则,有效接续现有制度功能,在此前提下进行相关制度、内部要素的区分与重组。《公司法》及《民事诉讼法》须顺应商事登记制度改革,建立内在协调的制度体系,适度开放公司住所的选择自主权,允许公司将网络经营场所注册为住所。     

The Historical Basis for the Understanding of a State in Modern Russia: A Case Study Based on Analysis of Components in the Concept of a State,Established Between the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries

International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique - Using semiotic and historical methods, the article recovers the ancient Russian concept of...     

财税法功能的定位及其当代变迁

财税法在不同国家形态下、不同社会时期中表现出不同的功能,而且在重要历史节点中往往也发挥着推动甚至是决定性的作用,二者呈现出交相辉映的互动态势。过去,社会多关注财税法的经济功能,尤其是强调其中的宏观调控功能。在四个全面的新阶段,应当从国家治理现代化的高度来完整地认识财税法的功能,由此才能更好地推动我国的法学学科整体发展和法治事业进步。在跳出财税法看财税法的检视下,财税法功能在范围上涵摄经济、社会、政治各方面,在立场上则由权力本位转向权利本位、从管理转向法治、从治民之法转向治权之法。具体来说,财税法具有规范理财行为、促进社会公平、保障经济发展三大功能,它们三位一体、协同发力,统一于实现国家长治久安的宏伟目标中。     

Public Experiences of Police Violence and Corruption in Contemporary Russia: A Case of Predatory Policing?

“Predatory policing” occurs where police officers mainly use their authority to advance their own material interests rather than to fight crime or protect the interests of elites. These practices have the potential to seriously compromise the public's trust in the police and other legal institutions, such as courts. Using data from six surveys and nine focus groups conducted in Russia, we address four empirical questions: (1) How widespread are public encounters with police violence and police corruption in Russia? (2) To what extent does exposure to these two forms of police misconduct vary by social and economic characteristics? (3) How do Russians perceive the police, the courts, and the use of violent methods by the police? (4) How, if at all, do experiences of police misconduct affect these perceptions? Our results suggest that Russia conforms to a model of predatory policing. Despite substantial differences in its law enforcement institutions and cultural norms regarding the law, Russia resembles the United States in that direct experiences of police abuse reduce confidence in the police and in the legal system more generally. The prevalence of predatory policing in Russia has undermined Russia's democratic transition, which should call attention to the indispensable role of the police and other public institutions in the success of democratic reforms.     

Medical Treatment of Children with HIV Illness and the Need for Supportive Intervention: The Challenges for Medical Providers,Families, and the State

Human immuno‐deficiency virus (HIV) illness in children poses tremendous challenges to medical providers and families to work together to deliver optimal care. An alternative to filing “neglect” reports with the Department of Social Services is necessary to provide support and appropriate intervention to families and medical providers caring for HIV‐positive children. The creation of a neutral entity that could intervene and identify barriers to treatment and communication between the medical providers and the family would benefit all the parties involved. Knowledgeable mediators could help facilitate communication and identify appropriate support for the child and family. Intervention would not be delayed until it is demonstrated that a child has been “neglected” or is at substantial risk of harm. Assistance could be made available without a finding that a parent was guilty of wrongdoing. Involving parents as full partners in medical decision making and monitoring would benefit children living with HIV now and in the future. The creation of an alternative process will also prove valuable in assisting providers and families caring for other medically at‐risk children, e.g., children with asthma, diabetes, or mental illness.     

The Dutch Disease: evidences from Russia

The present study examines whether the Russian economy exhibits the symptoms of the Dutch Disease over the transition period begun in the early 1990s. Five warning signs have been detected, namely, a real exchange rate appreciation (1); a flourishing economic situation pushed by higher oil prices (2); a relative de-industrialisation (3); an export reduction in the non-booming-sector (4) and a real wage growth (5). The first three symptoms are estimated simultaneously in a VECM dimension. The results suggest the existence of three long-run cointegrating vectors, thus confirming the presence of the first three symptoms. Specifically, a 10% oil price shock leads to a real appreciation by 4%, a rise in GDP by 3% and a decline in domestic manufacturing production vis-à-vis service production by another 3%. Finally, a number of manufacturing exports have been crowded out and real wages have recorded important increases. To a certain extent, this corroborates the presence of symptom 4 and 5. The paper concludes that the risk of the Dutch Disease exists, and two preventive thrusts of action could be undertaken to reduce its threat: namely to diversify the economy and to hold back the appreciation of the exchange rate through targeted fiscal and monetary policies. These instruments would render Russia less vulnerable to exogenous shocks.     

Functions of the Socialist State and Its Apparatus of Administration

Under the conditions of socialism, when the state administers the economy and sociocultural development directly, administration heads the list of all forms of state activity. The functions of the socialist state are therefore realized primarily through state administration. Or from another perspective, none of these functions can be implemented without the involvement of some link in the administrative apparatus. Under these conditions, identification of the functions of government means, to a great degree indeed, identification of the major directions, the most important aspects of the content of the activity of the apparatus of state administration. It is precisely with respect to the latter that the theory of functions acquires the greatest practical significance.     

略论危险状态在危险犯中的地位和作用

危险状态是危险犯既遂形态的构成要件而不是危险犯的成立要件。危险状态的存在意味着危险 犯的构成要件齐备,从而构成既遂。危险状态出现以后,即使行为人采取积极的措施消除这一危 险状态,仍然属于危险犯的既遂,而这种既遂和实害犯的中止形态存在着竞合关系。     

Laws for Sale: Evidence from Russia

How does regulatory capture affect growth? We construct measuresof the political power of firms and regional regulatory captureusing microlevel data on the preferential treatment of firmsthrough regional laws and regulations in Russia during the period1992–2000. Using these measures, we find that: (1) politicallypowerful firms perform better on average; (2) a high level ofregulatory capture hurts the performance of firms that haveno political connections and boosts the performance of politicallyconnected firms; (3) capture adversely affects small-businessgrowth and the tax capacity of the state; and (4) there is noevidence that capture affects aggregate growth.

"oligarchy ... throws a close network of dependence relationshipsover all the economic and political institutions of present-daybourgeois society without exception... ." —Vladimir Lenin,"Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism" (1916)