新社会阶层的政治资源与阶层关系和谐

改革开放以来,社会阶层的分化和重组在给我国社会结构注入活力的同时,也带来了各阶层之间社会、经济、生活方式及利益认同的差异,乃至产生比较尖锐的利益冲突。其实质是各阶层争取经济资源、政治资源、文化资源的过程。本文在实证调查的基础上指出,新社会阶层掌握着大量的经济资源,随着其社会经济地位的逐步上升,他们拥有的政治资源也在不断扩大,从而形成经济精英和政治精英的结盟。在当前的政治背景下,缺乏有效的监督机制,在政治资源上占优势地位的新社会阶层容易垄断大量的社会资源和经济资源,在获取利益的同时,往往会损害其他阶层的利益,对阶层关系产生不利的影响。     

The Adaptation of Immigrants in Russia

The author discusses the general immigration situation in Russia and surveys efforts to teach Russian to immigrants and their children.     

The Adaptation of Migrants in Russia

This issue of Russian Politics and Law addresses the topic of migration from the point of view of the host country, examining the tensions inherent in accepting large numbers of migrants, and the government policies aimed at immigrant integration at both the national and local levels. The articles in this issue demonstrate that government efforts to push immigrants to integrate into their host communities by learning the Russian language, abandoning traditional customs, and encouraging their children to assimilate have had limited success.     

Restructuring Justice in Russia: A New Era of Challenges

This paper reviews the criminal justice system in Russia from historical and contemporary perspectives. The realities of greater liberalization and the dissolution of the Central Soviet Government will have a significant impact of the future criminal justice program. Based on a criminal justice delegation including meetings with Soviet criminal justice participants, it is argued that the Soviet will likely lean toward incorporating a more continental crime reduction ideology instead of a Western-style Common Law that emphasizes legal process rather than crime reduction.     

新中产阶级的崛起与当代西方社会的变迁

二战结束后,西方社会阶级结构发生了深刻的变化。蓝领工人阶级逐渐衰落,新中产阶级迅速崛起,并成长为主要的职业群体与阶级群体。新中产阶级的崛起使得当代西方社会发生了深刻的变化：在经济方面,工业与服务业的产业结构与劳动者的生产力差异趋于消失,社会贫富差距始终保持在合理的范围;在政治方面,西方社会的阶级矛盾趋于缓和,蓝领工会逐渐衰落,新中产阶级工会与社团组织迅速发展,劳工斗争方式日益呈现出“多元化”的特点。     

Russia,Europe, and the New World Order

The very name of our topic, so popular a subject for discussion at the threshold of the twenty-first century and evoked in the title of our article, conceals a dual problem.     

The Devolution of the Electoral System in Russia

The author describes how the democratic content of electoral legislation was eroded in the 2000s, and considers the prospects for a new democratic reform.     

俄罗斯的防救灾体系

作为世界上灾害事故频发的国家之一,俄罗斯对于本国的灾害响应工作十分重视。俄罗斯不断加强俄罗斯联邦紧急状态预防和响应统一国家体系(UEPRSS)和俄联邦民防、应急与减灾部(EMERCOM)的发展整合,规范应急响应的制度和程序,努力打造及时、正确的灾害管理体系。     

The Political Regime in Russia in the 2000s

The author analyzes the current political regime in Russia as a mild type of authoritarian neopatrimonial regime, based on inertia rather than tradition. He argues that changing conditions are undermining its stability and opening up an opportunity to create a democratic state based on law and capable of modernization.     

俄罗斯：腐败成“一号公敌”

俄罗斯如今仍是一个存在严重腐败的国家。2008年,透明国际清廉指数排行榜上俄罗斯在全球180个国家和地区中位列147位;去年,又从2009年的146位下滑到154位。媒体称,俄罗斯是20国集团成员中最腐败的经济体,也是欧洲最腐败的国家,在“金砖四国”中的腐败程度也首屈一指。     

Nationalism in Russia

The articles in this issue examine the role played by nationalism in present-day Russian politics, focusing particularly on potential policy approaches to dealing with the various nationalist discourses that have gained in prominence in recent years.     

Migration from Central Asia to Russia in the New Model of World Order

Migration becomes not only a means of survival but also and above all an impulse for the dispersal and "gathering together" of people, capital, information, and skills in new social configurations.     

The emergence of the rule of law in Russia

This paper challenges an empirical claim about the commercial courts (arbitrazhnye sudy) made by Kathryn Hendley and her co-authors in their paper “Law, Relationships and Private Enforcement: Transactional Strategies of Russian Enterprise” in Vol. 52, No. 4, Europe-Asia Studies in 2000. Basing their case on a quantitative survey of Russian firms, they conclude that economic actors in the 1990s relied on ‘the law and legal institutions’ because the commercial courts were relatively effective. In order to test this claim about the link between individual behaviour and the judiciary, I ask: What type of belief about corruption was held by Russian economic actors who trusted the commercial courts for conflict resolution at the end of the 1990s? The data set is drawn from a survey of 227 Russian firms made in 1997. I use self-reported data on economic actors’ preference for using or not using the commercial court (in case of a hypothetical conflict about a considerable amount of money) as a proxy for trust. A binary logistic regression model shows that economic actors who accepted corruption as a fact of life at the time of market entry were three times more likely to trust the commercial courts for conflict resolution than economic actors who rejected corruption. This finding contradicts any reasonable definition of the rule of law and suggests that the neo-liberal reformers should have paid more attention to the content – rather than merely to the speed – of reform.     

A New Paradigm for the Teaching of Business Law and Legal Environment Classes

There is a need to develop curriculum and materials on law-related topics better designed for business students planning a career in business. Except incidentally, business school legal faculty are not teaching future lawyers or paralegals. The world of the business practitioner is very different from that of the lawyer. For most business people the law and lawyers are a necessary nuisance. Furthermore, the legal world is changing. For example, methods of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) have become mainstream. Opportunities for "self-help law" have proliferated. These trends, and other opportunities considered in this article, offer substantial benefits to the business community. To meet the needs of today's business person, college business law and legal environment courses must stress economical, intelligent prevention of legal problems and resolution of conflict . This article is about empowering future business managers by utilizing their class time to educate them to more directly meet these goals. Topical coverage and pedagogical approaches for implementing a new paradigm in a business school introductory law course are detailed. Faculty members should not allow fear of change to deter a needed overhauling of the curriculum, as such procrastination could harm the profession's future standing.     

The Dutch Disease: evidences from Russia

The present study examines whether the Russian economy exhibits the symptoms of the Dutch Disease over the transition period begun in the early 1990s. Five warning signs have been detected, namely, a real exchange rate appreciation (1); a flourishing economic situation pushed by higher oil prices (2); a relative de-industrialisation (3); an export reduction in the non-booming-sector (4) and a real wage growth (5). The first three symptoms are estimated simultaneously in a VECM dimension. The results suggest the existence of three long-run cointegrating vectors, thus confirming the presence of the first three symptoms. Specifically, a 10% oil price shock leads to a real appreciation by 4%, a rise in GDP by 3% and a decline in domestic manufacturing production vis-à-vis service production by another 3%. Finally, a number of manufacturing exports have been crowded out and real wages have recorded important increases. To a certain extent, this corroborates the presence of symptom 4 and 5. The paper concludes that the risk of the Dutch Disease exists, and two preventive thrusts of action could be undertaken to reduce its threat: namely to diversify the economy and to hold back the appreciation of the exchange rate through targeted fiscal and monetary policies. These instruments would render Russia less vulnerable to exogenous shocks.