Review of N. S. Barabasheva,Legal Status of Higher Educational Institutions of the USSR

This book by N. S. Barabasheva is an integrated study of the legal status of higher educational institutions in the unitary system of public education of the Soviet state, a system that is determined by the USSR Constitution and the Principles of USSR and Union Republic Legislation on Education, the Statute on Higher Educational Institutions, and a number of other acts of positive law. The author emphasizes that the status of a higher educational institution as an institution under law is indissolubly associated with the condition, tasks, and prospects of development of higher education. The author offers an opportunity to identify the set of rights and responsibilities of higher educational institutions and the present state of legal regulation of their organization and activity, and to investigate the real opportunities for improving higher educational institutions. The study under review makes it possible to conduct an "inventory" of the provisions of law bearing on the work of higher educational institutions scattered through many legal sources and still inadequately codified, a fact that is important in terms of the drafting of the Legal Code of the USSR.     

Review of Political Sciences in the USSR. An Index of the Soviet Literature, 1975-1979

The Eleventh World Congress of the International Political Science Association, held in Moscow in August 1979, was a noteworthy event in international scholarly affairs. Among the publications whose appearance was timed for the congress, one's attention is drawn by the bibliographical index of the Soviet literature in the years 1975-1979 prepared by the Sector on Bibliographic Research Information on State and Law of the Institute of Scientific Information in the Social Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. The significance of this work lies principally in the fact that it is essentially the first attempt at compiling and publishing an extensive bibliography of political sciences in the USSR. Its appearance is all the more timely because political scientists abroad have little information on research of this kind in the USSR. The bibliographic index is designed not only for the Soviet but for the foreign reader, and for that reason it is published in Russian and in English. The book has a detailed index of names, which facilitates the search for needed literature.     

有限政府·有效政府·亲民政府·透明政府--从行政法治视角看我国行政管理体制改革的基本目标

我国行政管理体制改革呈现出民主化、科学化、亲民化和法治化趋势,改革的基本目标是按照市场经济和民主政治的要求重新定位政府角色而形成有限政府,着力打造方法好、效率高、柔性管理的行政机制而形成有效政府,通过强化公共服务职能、转向服务行政模式来改善政民关系而形成亲民政府,将行政权力掌控者和权力行使过程全部纳入公共监督视野而形成透明政府,这大致就是现代意义的法治政府,它体现着民主精神、科学精神、服务精神和法治精神.     

法律的"概念"澄明——评H.L.A.哈特《法律的概念》

日常语言分析哲学家并新分析实证主义法学的创始人哈特,在《法律的概念》一书中,从语词用法的日常语言分析入手,通过法律"游戏"中第一性规则与第二性规则之结合作为关键的"法律"概念纵向语境把握,以及"主权者"、"命令"、"正义"、"道德"诸概念讨论之"法律"概念横向比较,成功地将法律"概念"的理解由对于某种具有确定客观属性的法律实体的认识转向了日常语言层面的澄明,开创了一个全新的日常语言分析法学流派.     

Negotiation, Power in Conciliation, and Review of Compensation Claims

Workers Compensation claims are not interpersonal disputes. Almost always they are disputes between individuals and corporations. Compensation insurers are "repeat players" in the system. Workers are often "one–shotters" who have little or infrequent contact with the system. Power inequality between the worker, employer, insurer, and those who are required to facilitate negotiations and resolve and settle disputes under compensation legislation are matters of considerable importance. This paper examines the effects of the implementation, in 1993, of informal dispute resolution processes in the Western Australian workers compensation system under the Workers Compensation and Rehabilitation Act 1981(WA), which excluded lawyers from the process. It argues that preexisting power imbalances have been aggravated by these procedural changes, and in particular, by the exclusion of legal practitioners from the dispute resolution process. The issues raised herein have general application to most workers compensation systems.     

Juvenile Delinquency in the USSR: A Criminological Survey

This article examines some statistical data concerning juvenile delinquency in the USSR, analyzes social and demographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents, and describes special methods of preventing and combating juvenile delinquency in the USSR.

In those cases when the article does not contain direct references to the source of the data, the author cites the results of various research studies which are in his possession.     

关于"一切权力属于人民"的再思考--纪念1982年宪法颁行20周年

"一切权力属于人民"是近代宪政的灵魂、民主政治的核心、依法治国的基石."一切权力属于人民",其价值体现在于实践,应当以"三个代表"重要思想为指导,去全面理解并切实贯彻"一切权力属于人民"这一神圣的宪法原则.应围绕"人民是人类文明成果的创造者"、"人民是国家和社会的主人"、"人民的利益高于一切"三个方面加深理解"一切权力属于人民"的内涵,并在行动上切切实实地使人民拥有这样的权力.     

论违宪审查权与立法权的分离——中国违宪审查权的困境与出路之思考

违宪审查权本质上是一种高于或独立于立法权的权力,它的主要功能是监督立法和实现宪政.违宪审查权有三种模式,即由最高司法机关行使违宪审查权的模式、由专门机关行使违宪审查权的模式和由国家最高权力机关兼立法机关行使违宪审查权的模式.违宪审查权与立法权相分离的前提是宪法与法律的分离.违宪审查权与立法权相分离,并由不同的权力机关来行使,具有重要的宪政意义.中国违宪审查权面临着立法机关自己审查自己的困境,改革的出路应该遵循违宪审查权与立法权相分离的路径,建立有中国特色的违宪审查制度.     

“教师惩戒权:原理与制度”学术研讨会综述

2019年12月14日,“教师惩戒权:原理与制度”学术研讨会在福建师范大学隆重举行。本次研讨会由福建江夏学院法学院教育法律实务研究中心、福建师范大学法学院教育政策与法治研究中心、福建省法学会宪法学研究会共同主办,吸引了来自中国政法大学、中国社科院大学、河南财经政法大学、江苏社科院、湖南社科院、厦门大学、福州大学、福建师范大学、华侨大学、福建江夏学院、闽江学院、厦门市委党校、《江海学刊》《求索》《河南财经政法大学学报》《泉州师范学院学报》等科研院校和期刊杂志的学者,以及来自福州天衡律师事务所、漳州市公安局、顺昌县公安局、福建师范大学泉州附中、漳州市实验中学等法律工作者和教育工作者共50余人参加交流研讨。     

Conservation Law in the USSR

The extensive development of social production in the USSR, and the associated steadily increasing utilization of diverse natural resources in the economy, compel us to intensify our concern for the protection of nature. In recent years, measures have been developed in our country to assure rational utilization and protection of the land, its mineral wealth, waters, forests, and animal life. The protection of nature has become an important state task and the concern of all the people.     

收回死刑复核权面临的难题及其破解

最高人民法院收回死刑复核权意义重大,但可能存在政治风险、职能难题、整体性问题和程序性障碍。应对难题的原则与对策:一是系统思维、综合治理。尤其强调观念的转变、审判独立性的保障以及死刑替代措施的跟进;二是逐步推进、有利有节;三是技术处理、区别对待;四是分级负责、责任下沉、责任明确。为此,必须完善死刑复核程序。包括准确界定最高法院复核责任,确定适当的复核审审理方式,限定复核时间,允许辩护律师与检察官参加复核程序等。必须完善死刑案件二审程序,包括实行开庭审理及有重点的全面审理方式,同时应当适当调整二审审理期限。还必须改革、完善直接影响死刑案件质量的相关制度,包括从多方面完善证据规则,改革审判委员会制度以及禁止再审改判死刑等。     

客家人还是闽南人:南靖奎洋庄氏来源考

闽南庄氏是闽南著名大姓,历史悠久,源远流长,且已有研究强调靖南奎洋庄氏是客家人。然而,何以同一地区的同一姓氏,可以分为闽南与客家两个不同的族群?本研究循着移民史的路径展开,看闽南人与客家人如何进入这一区域,并形成宗族史上的联系与纠缠。研究发现,与前人已经揭示闽粤地区普遍存在的不同族群混杂与融合不同,客家人融入闽南大族的过程中,存在要素化地建构族源的现象,至少包括先祖北方南下,宋末扶持帝昺,父亡年幼托孤,年长入赘异姓,精通堪舆之术,居殁客家之地等六大因素。除此之外,还发现要素化的建构族源几乎成为闽粤地区普遍的文化现象。     

Court Order No. 7, USSR Supreme Court Plenum,July 3, 1963

A decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet of February 15, 1962, "On Increasing Responsibility for Attacks on the Life, Health, and Dignity of Militia and Volunteer Public-Order Personnel," established responsibility for malicious failure to obey a legal order or demand of militia and volunteer public-order personnel, for insulting them, for resistance to them, and for the use of force and threats against such persons. The decree also increased the criminal responsibility for attacks on the lives of militia and volunteer public-order personnel in conjunction with their official or volunteer duties in the maintenance of public order.     

Improving National Relations in the USSR

The problem of nationalities occupied a substantial place among the wide range of social problems raised at the Twenty-seventh CPSU Congress. The Soviet Union has been a pioneer in addressing the national question which, as V. I. Lenin wrote, is a worldwide phenomenon. It is one of the most acute questions in the history of mankind: the engendering of class antagonisms that inevitably entail national oppression, the lack of equality of nationalities before the law, and their inequality. Our country has convincingly demonstrated to the entire world that with the victory of socialism antagonisms in the sphere of national relations are being overcome. As noted in the new edition of the CPSU Program, "the Soviet Union has successfully resolved the national question that was left over from the past." In the course of socialist construction, the formerly backward national hinterlands have long ago vanished; socialist nations have joined to form an international community—the Soviet people—that is new in its social parameters; there have formed common cultural traits that are characteristic of Soviet people of all nationalities; national discord is a thing of the past; and the fraternal friendship of the peoples, forged in their common creative labor and tested in the most difficult of wars, has become the standard of life.