The Honor and Dignity Intrinsic to the Profession

Heads of the regional police trade unions in Sverdlovsk and Dagestan criticize the course and initial results of the police reform in Russia.     

Honor and Dignity in the Film Unforgiven: Implications for Sociolegal Theory

This article calls attention to "honor" and "dignity" as two fundamental, antithetical bases of unique value systems, both highly significant to social orders and legal systems in the contemporary Western world. The article argues that in this comparative context, the relatively new dignity-based value system may be better defined and articulated; at the same time, the overlooked, traditional honor-based value system, which underlies much of contemporary reality, can be better identified and replaced or at least modified by a dignity-based one. Rather than look to specific sociolegal realities, the article presents this line of thought from a "law-and-film" perspective, i.e., through the close reading of a single feature film: Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven . This contemporary, widely familiar, and immensely popular Western exposes the ugly face of the honor-based value system at the heart of the Western film genre; further, it subversively undermines this value system, replacing it with a dignity-based one. In so doing, the film expresses deep faith in the human capacity to transform, calling on real-world social and legal systems to follow in its footsteps and apply the same critical analysis and reformative activism to Western law and society at large.     

人格尊严:民法典人格权编的首要价值

人格尊严的至高无上性,也必然要求我国《民法典》人格权编立法充分彰显人格尊严的基本理念和精神,这是整个人格权法的价值基础,人格权独立成编的宗旨就在于维护人格尊严.在人格权的行使过程中,人格尊严和自治也会发生冲突.在此情形下,如果法律对私法自治没有任何限制,就意味着要尊重当事人的自治,但由此会带来导致不利于人格尊严的结果....     

The New Codification of Civil Law and Protection of the Honor and Dignity of the Citizen

With the issuance of the Principles of Civil Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics, the first, but very important, stage in the new codification of Soviet civil legislation to correspond with the needs of the period of the comprehensive building of communism has been realized. What must now follow is the adoption of civil codes by the union republics, in which the general, fundamental and primary propositions of the Principles will be appropriately concretized and detailed, developed and augmented.     

宪法正当性视野下的人格尊严保障

人格尊严的规范被誉为现代宪法的核心价值,保障人格尊严既是"规范宪法"的必然要求,也是判断宪法正当性的重要基石。规范宪法要求涉及人格尊严的宪法规范必须完备、充分,并积极吸收国际条约中的人格尊严条款;宪法的正当性可以通过人格尊严保障的主体广泛性、标准复合性以及方式多样性等途径得以体现和证明。     

Maintaining Personal Dignity and Japanese Disable Welfare Legal System

二战后,日本残疾人即障碍者福利法制在生存权理念的指引下得以建立与发展.进入21世纪,日本障碍者福利法制在强调生存权理念之同时,更加注重维护个人的尊严理念,并将这一理念贯彻于障碍者福利法制的内容之中,日本障碍者福利法制出现了社会权与自由权相统一的倾向.     

维护个人的尊严与日本障碍者福利法制

二战后,日本残疾人即障碍者福利法制在生存权理念的指引下得以建立与发展。进入21世纪,日本障碍者福利法制在强调生存权理念之同时,更加注重维护个人的尊严理念,并将这一理念贯彻于障碍者福利法制的内容之中,日本障碍者福利法制出现了社会权与自由权相统一的倾向。     

Punishing the Innocent: Children of Incarcerated and Detained Parents

Abstract

About 2 million minor children in the U.S. have at least one parent incarcerated for criminal offenses. There are about 33,000 undocumented persons detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement in jails and federal detention centers around the country, and 79% of the minor children of these detainees are U.S. citizens. There are few government programs that measure and respond to the harm caused to these children by the incarceration and detention of their parents, and the negative effects on these children are largely ignored in public policy debates about incarceration and immigration detention. I argue that we have an obligation to these children based on (1) the special status of children, (2) the harm caused to children by the arrest, detention and incarceration of their parents, (3) current incarceration and detention policies even in the presence of alternatives that would, on balance, create less harm.     

Coverture and Dignity: A Comment

This short comment challenges efforts to expand the notion of a dignity taking to traditional legal structures, like those identified with “coverture.” It suggests that the inequalities of gender oppression are better understood as forms of “slow violence.” It also suggests how difficult it is to imagine and to institute remedies for wrongs rooted in long histories and in powerful structures of socialization.     

论善意取得制度

善意取得制度是物权法的重要内容。本文基于对各国善意取得制度的探究,论证了立法的必要性,进而从其含义,历史沿革,存在基础,构成要件,受损方的法律救助等方面论述该制度,并详细分析了动产的范围,分类探讨各种动产在不同情形下如何适用该制度的问题,同时提出了善意取得制度的存在基础是法律回应社会需要以及法理念转变;“受让”需为有偿交易行为;对“善意”的界定和占有人因欺诈、轻信而丧失占有时取回占有委托物的法律建构等全新的观点和一些立法建议。     

Observing the Breach: Dignity and the Limits of Political Theology

This paper draws together a number of debates concerning ‘dignity’. It points to reasons for the endurance of the concept of dignity, and thereby indicates some limits to analysis via political theology. Dignity is incongruous in law and ethics: it is naturalised theology illicitly augmenting liberal and postmodern theory. At the same time, phenomenologies of dignity suggest that it is something ‘observed in the breach’ when we encounter the diminution of the individual. Political theology would encourage us to treat this appearance of diminution as a point of aporia in ethics and closure in law, ostensibly articulating the loss of ‘humanity’ but in fact revealing nothing more than the reduction of all norms to sovereign decision. However, deconstructive counter-arguments to political theology are possible. First, the persistence of dignity hinges upon perception of loss rather than on any distinctive norms. Second, language games invoking dignity should be seen as performing solidarity. Third, there is a productive instability in the languages of dignity and human dignity. Together, these qualities mean that dignity, despite its theological genealogy, can justifiably play some role in both liberal and postmodern ethics.

不失尊严的死亡：选择与挑战

虽然绝症患者可以拒绝医治的权利已被确立,但在医生的辅助下实施“自杀”仍然是人们长期争议的一个热点话题。在美国,人们认为他们有权利按照自己选择的生活方式自由自在生活的同时,大多数人却没有意识到,当选择以安乐死来解脱被无法治愈疾病折磨的痛不欲生的生命时,这种自由权     

Innocence Commissions: Due Process Remedies and Protection for the Innocent

Currently the American criminal justice system has no institutional mechanism to evaluate the conviction of an innocent person. An innocence commission would fill this gap. The commission would automatically review any acknowledged case of wrongful conviction, whether the conviction was reversed on post-conviction DNA tests, or through development of new evidence of innocence. Upon review of these cases, the commission would recommend remedies to prevent such miscarriages of justice from happening again. This paper commences with a review of the primary areas of wrongful conviction, followed by recommendations made with respect to the substantive components constituting innocence commissions. To empirically demonstrate the fiscal soundness of creating an innocence commission, data was gathered pertaining to the state of Arizona. Statements from criminal justice professionals and politicians in support of innocence commissions conclude our discussion.     

Dignity Takings and Dignity Restoration: Creating a New Theoretical Framework for Understanding Involuntary Property Loss and the Remedies Required

In We Want What's Ours: Learning from South Africa's Land Restitution Program, I introduced the concept of “dignity takings,” which I defined as property confiscation that involves the dehumanization or infantilization of the dispossessed. I argued that the appropriate remedy for a dignity taking is “dignity restoration”: material compensation to dispossessed populations through processes that affirm their humanity and reinforce their agency. For this symposium, contributors were invited to examine these paired concepts through case studies beyond the South African context. This introductory essay summarizes the central arguments of We Want What's Ours and considers how the symposium contributions confirm, extend, or revise the concepts of dignity takings and dignity restoration.     

关于无罪推定的文本表述

我国《刑事诉讼法》第12条的表述是故意歪曲《关于〈中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法修正案（草案）〉的说明》之意图而形成的，草案明明限定了“进一步保障诉讼参与人的权利”的目的，但是学术界却要强迫人们接受它为“法院统一定罪权”原则，从而把“人权”条款变成“公权”设置条款。这种法律现象可以从1789年以来无罪推定文本表述的变化规律（某种蜕变模式）得到解释。令人忧虑的是，纷纷推出的无罪推定文本建议又因为ICCPR中法文本与英俄西文本的冲突，而在“确定有罪”与“证实有罪”之间选择了较差的表述。为此，发现IC—CPR文本的冲突解决方法与借鉴俄罗斯国内法文本的先进经验，对于改善未来刑事诉讼法的无罪推定立法表述都有积极的比较法意义。。     

Animal Dignity and the Law: Potential,Problems and Possible Implications

Liverpool Law Review - This article aims to assess the suitability of the concept of ‘animal dignity’ as a normative principle for the legal approach towards animals. Through an...     

Military Criminal Procedures and Judicial Guarantees: The Example of Switzerland

Since the Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials, scant attention has beendevoted to military tribunals. Only with the creation of theICTY and the ICTR has civil society started reconsidering thequestion of which fora might be better suited for trying individualsresponsible for war crimes and other gross human rights violations.The aim of this paper is to illustrate the Swiss military judicialsystem. It analyses, on the one hand, the judicial guaranteesprovided for in the Swiss Military Penal Code and the Code ofMilitary Penal Procedure. On the other hand, it discusses thejudicial guarantees afforded in the only two war-crimes trialsheld by the Swiss military justice — the G case and theNiyonteze case — which involved civilians with foreignnationality. Finally, the paper argues against the abolitionof military judicial systems.     

Republican Dignity: The Importance of Taking Offence

This paper analyses the republican notion of non-domination from the viewpoint of individual dignity. It determines the aspect of individual dignity that republicans are concerned with and scrutinises how it is safeguarded by non-domination. I argue that the notion of non-domination as it is formulated by Pettit contains a number of ambiguities that need to be addressed. I discuss these ambiguities and argue for specific solutions that place great importance on a person’s moral beliefs and his status as a moral being amongst others. Furthermore, I argue that the impunity interpretation is to be favoured over the immunity interpretation of non-domination. I show that whilst these solutions accord well with many important republican tenets, they have other implications that contradict known republican positions. In particular, I show there is both room and a need for retributivism within republicanism.