Bearing Witness: Essays in Honour of Brij V. Lal

Bearing Witness: Essays in Honour of Brij V. Lal . Edited by Doug Munro and Jack Corbett (Canberra: ANU Press, 2017), pp.333, AU$53.00 (pb).     

全球视野中的菲律宾伊斯兰化历史进程

菲律宾南部的穆斯林问题一直是现代菲律宾社会的热点,历史上的菲律宾也经受过伊斯兰教的重大影响。伊斯兰教传入菲律宾是它在东南亚迅猛的传播、扩张运动的一个组成部分,其传入菲律宾的过程可分为四个历史阶段。在全球视角中,菲律宾的伊斯兰化始于伊斯兰在全世界范围内东扩到达东南亚,一面是伊斯兰教东进,一面是西班牙西进、葡萄牙东进,在东南亚东端的菲律宾相遇碰撞。所以菲律宾的伊斯兰化是整个伊斯兰世界的扩张及其与基督教世界的争夺中的一个组成部分,是基督教世界绕过半个地球来到远东与伊斯兰世界再次发生文明冲突的碰撞的标志。     

The Glass of Life: Medieval and Modern Stories on the Struggle to Gain and Maintain Honour

The drive to gain and maintain good reputation (honour, good name) in society functions as a primary core value in Middle Eastern and Asian societies. This phenomenon is best reflected in real-life stories. This article relates stories from the Persian world, selected from medieval Persian texts, as well as from twentieth- and twenty-first-century Iranian and Afghan short stories. While the modern story is written in a different context than the medieval epic poem or romance, the theme of gaining and maintaining the good name persists throughout. Medieval texts portray this all-encompassingstruggle in the life of the legendary heroic warrior, who models the struggle for protagonists in modern stories. For the protagonist, to have reputation means that society speaks well of them. A good name is to have a public name. But much more, the good name must include the larger family and one's tribe. It is the family name. Thirdly, the protagonist who seeks to gain and maintain a good name lives beyond themselves. Indeed, they gain a greater name. The stories are frequently laced with tragedy, as protagonists engage in what are considered to be dishonourable deeds in order to maintain their honour and good name.     

近代日本侵略性文化的历史渊源及解析

通过日本大和民族的自身特征来分析近代以来其侵略思想如何生成并演变为一种民族特性。日本岛国上产生的神话传说被统治者利用并被改造为日本的神国史,强化了神道信仰和皇道思想,再加上后来幕府时代政治理念,即武士道精神,造成了大和民族对外侵略扩张的政治文化特性。明治维新后,这一政治文化同西方列强的殖民侵略和扩张主义相结合,进而演变为国家神道信仰与资本主义天皇制政体,最后变种为天皇统治下的靖国神社思想和军国法西斯专政体制。总之,日本岛国地理环境、神道信仰、神国皇道思想、武士道精神在漫长的历史中融为一体,演变成了近代日本大和民族侵略扩张的思想文化和政治理念。