浅谈签名类笔迹的鉴定

一、签名笔迹案件的特点签名笔迹字数少,笔迹特征数量有限,检验难度一般很大,而且大部分为利用摹仿手法伪装的签名,这种伪装方法暴露作案人的书写习惯比较少,通过笔迹鉴定很难认定摹仿书写人。常见的签名方式有横式、竖式和倾斜式三种。一些人忙于手中事务,不管要签字的文件怎样放置,有时甚至看都不看一眼就签上了名字。这样,纸张与签名形成的角度特征极不稳定,利用价值降低。人们在设计自己的签名时,经常会造成某种特殊的视觉效果,同时增加了他人伪造自己签名的难度,防止他人伪造自己的签名。如某案中“冯某某”的签名,三个字…     

浅析签名笔迹鉴定之方法——对一份执法文书上签名是否为本人书写的鉴定分析

对签名进行笔迹鉴定是司法鉴定实务的重要内容之一,在实际案件办理过程中,对于鉴定失误及存在的诸多疑难问题的分析,有必要从实证案例中进行系统研究,并从理论和程序操作上来探讨签名笔迹鉴定的特点,总结疑难笔迹鉴定的方法。     

签名笔迹及其检验研究

签名笔迹检验一直是文件检验中的难点,案件涉及比例居高,并呈上升之势。此类字迹,字符特征少,书写习惯反应不充分,检验难度大。因此,通过对签名笔迹主要类型、特点、检验方法等相关问题的探究,来增强对签名笔迹的认识以及提高签名笔迹检验的实践能力,意义重大。     

浅谈签名笔迹的鉴定

1 签名笔迹案件的特点1.1 签名笔迹案件范围广、数量多、比例大.在刑事、民事、经济、行政等案件中都涉及到签名笔迹的鉴定,占所有文检鉴定案件的一半以上.1.2 签名笔迹与签名的文件物证、案情有着内在的必然联系.1.3 案情较简单.知情人比较明朗,涉嫌范围比较窄.     

阿拉伯数字笔迹检验探析

随着社会的发展,在各类经济、刑事及民事纠纷案件中涉及对阿拉伯数字笔迹进行鉴定的案件呈逐年上升趋势。阿拉伯数字作为一种常见的书写符号,具有其自身的独特特点。通过分析阿拉伯数字笔迹的特证,并对其检验难点及检验方法要点等问题进行分析阐述,进一步充实与完善对此类数字符号笔迹的检验方法。     

从摹彷签名笔迹造特征探究检验及鉴定

对摹仿签名笔迹的检验是文检鉴定工作中常见的工作之一,不少文检工作者对此均有各自的见解.本文结合十余年文检工作经验和体会,从摹仿签名笔迹的主、客观特征、识别要点、检验原则等几个方面对摹仿签名笔迹进行识别和检验,提出了从摹仿签名笔迹受主、客观因素影响而形成的主、客观特征出发,运用综合评断原则对其进行检验及鉴定的观点.     

浅谈对签名笔迹的检验

1 签名笔迹的特点 签名笔迹与其它笔迹相比较,有其独自的特点:1.签名笔迹的案由都是涉及到经济问题;2.签名笔迹字数少(两、三个字);3.签名笔迹的相同字、同名部首及同名笔画少;4.签名笔迹重复出现的笔迹特征少;5.签名笔迹可比性强的特征少。 2 对签名笔迹检验的方法 对签名笔迹检验的方法,是遵循同一认定的基本原理,对送检文字材料的笔迹特征同嫌疑人     

再看摹仿签名笔迹鉴定

由于签名笔迹字数少、可摹仿性强的特点,长期以来,摹仿签名笔迹鉴定始终是笔迹鉴定的难点。笔者从不同类型的摹仿方法出发,讨论不同方法下摹仿签名笔迹的特点,总结其特征规律。同时要重视笔迹鉴定过程中了解相关案情,为识别是否存在摹仿现象提供线索。在此基础之上,对比摹仿签名笔迹特征的变化规律,并从摹仿签名笔迹特征反映构成方面系统性地进行鉴定,鉴别是否存在摹仿签名的情况。通过撰写此文,以期对摹仿签名笔迹鉴定实务具有借鉴意义。     

设计签名的特点和鉴定方法

设计签名作为特殊的签名种类有其特有的书写规范和特征．在设计签名笔迹鉴定中既要遵循一般的笔迹检验技术规范，又要重视和分析设计签名的特点，通过设计者、签名用途和书写条件等特征数量和质量的衡量标准，进而形成更加符合设计签名书写习惯的综合评断。     

浅谈摹仿老年人签名笔迹鉴定

笔迹鉴定中,签名笔迹的鉴定是一直是鉴定中的难点,而摹仿老年人签名笔迹的鉴定,由于把老年人的笔迹特点与摹仿伪装笔迹的特点糅合在了一起,更成为了难点中的难点。为此,笔者查阅相关资料和结合自身鉴定实践,对摹仿老年人签名笔迹的特点以及鉴定依据和方法进行一些探讨。     

Forensic handwriting examiners' expertise for signature comparison

This paper reports on the performance of forensic document examiners (FDEs) in a signature comparison task that was designed to address the issue of expertise. The opinions of FDEs regarding 150 genuine and simulated questioned signatures were compared with a control group of non-examiners' opinions. On the question of expertise, results showed that FDEs were statistically better than the control group at accurately determining the genuineness or non-genuineness of questioned signatures. The FDE group made errors (by calling a genuine signature simulated or by calling a simulated signature genuine) in 3.4% of their opinions while 19.3% of the control group's opinions were erroneous. The FDE group gave significantly more inconclusive opinions than the control group. Analysis of FDEs' responses showed that more correct opinions were expressed regarding simulated signatures and more inconclusive opinions were made on genuine signatures. Further, when the complexity of a signature was taken into account, FDEs made more correct opinions on high complexity signatures than on signatures of lower complexity. There was a wide range of skill amongst FDEs and no significant relationship was found between the number of years FDEs had been practicing and their correct, inconclusive and error rates.     

Visual attention and expertise for forensic signature analysis

Eye tracking was used to measure visual attention of nine forensic document examiners (FDEs) and 12 control subjects on a blind signature comparison trial. Subjects evaluated 32 questioned signatures (16 genuine, eight disguised, and eight forged) which were compared, on screen, with four known signatures of the specimen provider while their eye movements, response times, and opinions were recorded. FDEs' opinions were significantly more accurate than controls, providing further evidence of FDE expertise. Both control and FDE subjects looked at signature features in a very similar way and the difference in the accuracy of their opinions can be accounted for by different cognitive processing of the visual information that they extract from the images. In a separate experiment the FDEs re-examined a reordered set of the same 32 questioned signatures. In this phase each signature was presented for only 100 msec to test if eye movements are relevant in forming opinions; performance significantly dropped, but not to chance levels indicating that the examination process comprises a combination of both global and local feature extraction strategies.     

NIST bullet signature measurement system for RM (Reference Material) 8240 standard bullets

A bullet signature measurement system based on a stylus instrument was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for the signature measurements of NIST RM (Reference Material) 8240 standard bullets. The standard bullets are developed as a reference standard for bullet signature measurements and are aimed to support the recently established National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The RM bullets are designed as both a virtual and a physical bullet signature standard. The virtual standard is a set of six digitized bullet signatures originally profiled from six master bullets fired at ATF and FBI using six different guns. By using the virtual signature standard to control the tool path on a numerically controlled diamond turning machine at NIST, 40 RM bullets were produced. In this paper, a comparison parameter and an algorithm using auto-and cross-correlation functions are described for qualifying the bullet signature differences between the RM bullets and the virtual bullet signature standard. When two compared signatures are exactly the same (point by point), their cross-correlation function (CCF) value will be equal to 100%. The measurement system setup, measurement program, and initial measurement results are discussed. Initial measurement results for the 40 standard bullets, each measured at six land impressions, show that the CCF values for the 240 signature measurements are higher than 95%, with most of them even higher than 99%. These results demonstrate the high reproducibility for both the manufacturing process and the measurement system for the NIST RM 8240 standard bullets.     

信用卡诈骗案中英文签名的检验

本文分析了目前信用卡犯罪中较多见的英文签名笔迹鉴定,对检材和样本所具有的特点和因之造成的检验困难进行了剖析,总结了实践中较为实用的检验方法和应注意的问题。     

利用真签名伪造文书的识别与检验

通常情况下,绝大多数人认为,签名真伪决定了文书真伪。司法鉴定实际工作中,事实上签名真伪与文书真伪并不是等同关系。利用真签名伪造文书有许多方法。由于签名真是书写人的笔迹,因此在利用真签名伪造文书的实际鉴定中,鉴定人往往忽视系统检验,从而作出不符合客观实际的鉴定结论。在检验中,应充分根据利用真签名伪造文书不同方法出现的不同特点,综合运用案情分析法、细节特征比较法、图像软件分析法、仪器检验法、系统检验法进行检验。在检验过程中,还应注意受理案件时的材料是否为原件;案件情况中双方当事人矛盾的焦点;签名是真签名还是摹仿签名。     

The variability of cursive handwriting measure defined along a continuum: letter specificity

Statistics are provided on two measures of cursive handwriting: ratio (height of l relative to immediately preceding e) and proportion (d ascender height relative to the height of the base). Both measures involve a comparison of the extent of large and small vertical pen-strokes. However, the variability between the writing of different individuals relative to the variability observed within any one individual's writing was greater in the case of d-proportion than in the case of el-ratio. For the purposes of forensic handwriting comparison, d-proportion may be considered potentially the better feature. If measurements based on physical continua are to be seriously considered as candidate features in computer-aided comparisons of handwriting, the present result suggests that it will be important to take account of the particular letter within which the pen-strokes appear.     

A Set of Handwriting Features for Use in Automated Writer Identification,

A writer's biometric identity can be characterized through the distribution of physical feature measurements (“writer's profile”); a graph‐based system that facilitates the quantification of these features is described. To accomplish this quantification, handwriting is segmented into basic graphical forms (“graphemes”), which are “skeletonized” to yield the graphical topology of the handwritten segment. The graph‐based matching algorithm compares the graphemes first by their graphical topology and then by their geometric features. Graphs derived from known writers can be compared against graphs extracted from unknown writings. The process is computationally intensive and relies heavily upon statistical pattern recognition algorithms. This article focuses on the quantification of these physical features and the construction of the associated pattern recognition methods for using the features to discriminate among writers. The graph‐based system described in this article has been implemented in a highly accurate and approximately language‐independent biometric recognition system of writers of cursive documents.     

Forensic Analysis of Digital Dynamic Signatures: New Methods for Data Treatment and Feature Evaluation

This study explored digital dynamic signatures containing quantifiable dynamic data. The change in data content and nature necessitates the development of new data treatment approaches. A SignPad Omega digitizing tablet was used to assess measurement reproducibility, as well as within‐writer variation and the occurrence of correctly simulated features. Measurement reproducibility was found to be high except for pressure information. Within‐writer variation was found to be higher between days than on a same day. Occurrence of correct simulation was low for features such as signature size, trajectory length, and total signature time. Feature discrimination factors combining within‐writer variability and the occurrence of correctly simulated features were computed and show that signature size, trajectory length, and signature time are the features that perform the best for discriminating genuine from simulated signatures. A final experiment indicates that dynamic information can be used to create connections between simulation cases.     

签名笔迹重新鉴定实务问题探究

签名笔迹鉴定是司法鉴定实务中的重点和难点问题。实践中，签名笔迹重新鉴定遇到许多鉴定失误和诸多疑难问题，有必要对此进行系统研究。通过采取实证分析的方法，从理论和程序操作的角度分析鉴定失误的原因，结合对疑难签名笔迹鉴定的种类和特点的讨论，总结同类疑难签名笔迹鉴定的方法要点和重新鉴定中的程序审查要求。