掠夺性定价的经济学及法律分析——美国和欧盟的经验与趋势

掠夺性定价一般表现为企业为排挤、制约竞争对手或阻碍竞争对手进入市场而在相当长的一段时期内故意将价格设置于其成本之下。其目的是为将竞争对手逐出市场并随后设定高于竞争水平的价格,以收回前期降价的损失。《中华人民共和国反垄断法》以及其他相关的法律法规都包含了禁止掠夺性定价的规定。然而,对于掠夺性定价中的一些具体问题还没有相应的法制规章提供指引和解读,再加上此类案件法院判决的先例在中国现阶段还属少见,因此,本文将详细讲解近年来美国和欧盟的经济学家、反垄断机构以及法院对此类经典案件(如Wanadoo案等)的审理分析经验与趋势,以供借鉴。     

欧美非传统商标注册比较研究

21世纪技术的飞速发展促使企业积极突破传统的商标保护模式,寻求新型的非传统品牌推广方式。非传统商标能够以更直接、更迅速的方式为消费者所接受,在消费者意识中建立产品与该商标之间的联系,从而给商家带来竞争优势。传统商标由文字、数字、字母、图案或上述要素的组合构成。非传统商标则包括多种型态,一般包括立体、颜色、声音以及气味商标等。本文试图从对欧盟和美国的有关非传统商标的注册保护制度和实践进行比较研究,以期为我国寻求海外非传统商标注册保护的企业提供一些参考,并为我国《商标法》第三次修改提供一些相关建议。     

欧美专利权用尽原则售后限制的比较研究

专利权用尽原则的售后限制是涉及用尽原则性质的重要课题,基于自身利益的考量,欧盟和美国采取了不同的态度.虽然专利权人售出专利产品之后获得了报酬,但是其对于购买者的使用或转售同样具有重要利益.按照不同的标准,专利权用尽原则的售后限制存在多种表现形式.通常,使用权限制和销售权限制会受到反垄断法的规制.我国应深入研究和借鉴国外成果,探索适合我国国情的作法.     

Regulating mobile advertising in the European Union and the United States

Mobile advertising is a gradually developing component of the marketing mix that includes advertisements directed to or accessed on consumers' mobile devices. Growing concerns about the protection of the consumers' personal data are being raised since mobile advertising may become an extremely intrusive practice in an intimate personal space. Approaches of protecting the consumers' personal information differ greatly throughout the world. This article contrasts the regulatory environment in the European Union and in the United States applicable to the consumer's privacy and personal data used for mobile advertising purposes while also examining the effectiveness of each of these approaches.     

A Comparative Analysis of Cybercrimes and Governmental Law Enforcement in China and the United States

Cybercrime has become a growing national and international concern because of its potential for widespread and devastating financial impact. Gauging the effect of cybercrimes is extremely difficult because of its multi-faceted nature and evolving definitions, especially in cross-culture analyses. Using data generated from cybercrime reports from two leading national newspapers during the past ten years, this study compares major cybercrimes and law enforcement in China and the United States. Similarities and differences between the two nations are highlighted and policy implications are presented based on these findings.     

The Legal Profession in the european Union – a Comparative Analysis of Four Member States

Cross-border legal practice has finally become reality in Europe mainly thanks to two factors: the legal framework offered to EC lawyers by the EC legislator and the effect of globalization on legal profession. This article focuses primarily on the success of EC/EU efforts in abolishing obstacles to the free movement of lawyers. Particular attention is drawn to the Establishment Directive, adopted in 1998, opening up new perspectives for lawyers. Secondly, it discusses how globalization has contributed to this development. In relation to the above, this article also explores the new concept of establishment stemming from the expansion of law firms in Europe. Thirdly and mainly, it considers the national positions and the difficulties in harmonizing the legal professions throughout Europe. The examples of four Member States: the UK, France, Germany and Italy demonstrate how much they differ from each other as far as the needs, expectations and rules governing the legal profession. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.