听性稳态反应与40Hz听觉相关电位在听阈评估中的比较

目的通过对受检者听性稳态反应（auditory steady-state response,ASSR）与40Hz听觉相关电位（auditory event related potential,AERP）测试结果的比较分析,探讨ASSR与AERP评估听阈的准确性及其在法医临床鉴定中的应用。方法对受检的37耳分别进行纯音测听（pure tone audiometry,PTA）、ASSR和40HzAERP测试。ASSR和40HzAERP测试均在清醒状态下进行。结果ASSR和40HzAERP反应阈均与纯音听阈具有良好的相关性,且阈值均高于纯音听阈;ASSR与40HzAERP反应阈对纯音听阈的评估差异无统计学意义。结论确定合理的校正值后,ASSR可以用于行为听阈的客观评估。     

公安机关在处置群体性事件中的地位与作用

公安机关在处置群体性事件中不能大包大揽，也不能无所作为；公安机：关的性质和群体性事件的特征决定了公安机关在处置群体性事件中处于主力军的地位；公安机关在处置群体性事件中应当起到预防作用、参谋作用、劝说疏导作用、维护现场秩序和控制事件发展作用、平息事态作用、收集证据和打击违法犯罪作用，以及保护党政领导人身安全的作用。     

Long-term working memory in voice identification

Abstract

The present study investigated the role of long-term working memory in voice identification. For this purpose, a mock theft design was used and three groups: voice identification experts, totally blind people and a control group of sighted listeners without any special training or experience in voice identification, were compared for their voice identification efficiency.

Results revealed that the professional voice identification experts were more accurate than the other groups. Blind listeners were as effective as the sighted in voice identification. The results confirmed predictions which were based on the long-term working memory model. Implications of these results for the practice of voice identification are discussed.     

Differential effects of general versus cued invitations on children’s reports of a repeated event episode

The ability to describe individual episodes of repeated events (such as ongoing abuse) can enhance children’s testimony and assist the progression of their cases through the legal system. Open-ended prompts have been advocated as a means to assist children in accurately retrieving information about individual episodes. In the current study, two subtypes of open-ended prompts (cued and general invitations) were compared for their effects on five- to nine-year-olds’ (n?=?203) reports about individual episodes of a repeated event. Interviews occurred 1–2 weeks after the last of 4 event sessions. Cued invitations assisted children to provide specific details about individual episodes of a repeated event, while general invitations were useful to elicit more broad happenings of the episodes. The accuracy of responses to general invitations was similar for children of all ages up to one week after the event, but at a longer interview delay younger children were less accurate than older children. There were no differences in the accuracy of responses to cued invitations as a function of age or interview delay. Results suggest that interviewers tasked with eliciting accounts of individual episodes from a repeated event, such as ongoing abuse, should consider the differential efficacy of each prompt-type on children’s reports.     

Children's and adults’ realism in their event-recall confidence in responses to free recall and focused questions

Abstract

Two experiments examined the realism in the confidence of 8–9-year-olds, 12–13-year-olds and adults in their free recall and answers to focused questions after viewing a short video clip. A different video clip was shown in each experiment and the focused questions differed in difficulty. In both experiments the youngest age group, in contrast to the two other age groups, showed no overconfidence in their confidence judgements for the free recall. The free recall results also showed that the youngest group had lower completeness but similar correctness as the adults. There was a tendency, over both experiments, for the participants to show poorer realism for the focused questions than for the free recall, especially when questions with content already mentioned in the free recall were excluded from the analyses of the focused questions in Experiment 1. The study shows the importance of question format when evaluating the credibility of the confidence shown by 8–9-year-old children in their own testimony.     

论日常生活题材在当代文学史上的价值变迁

日常生活题材在当代文学史上的命运一波三折.它曾经被作为无价值的低级趣味题材受到长期的排斥,在新时期文艺创作中则被看作是一个揭示更有意义生活的\"入口\".1980年代末期以后,该题材获得了充分的价值认可.这一价值变迁既与政治因素的进退有关,又是60年社会生活主题变奏的结果.     

日常生活的悲剧与解救——论《红楼梦》的悲剧主题

<红楼梦>的悲剧是一种日常生活的悲剧.其悲剧的根源在于日常生活总是遵循一般行为图式的安排,从而与个体的生活欲求形成抵触.这一悲剧存在于各个时代的世情小说中,具有普世性,其结果是造成常人作为生活主体.<红楼梦>展示了这种悲剧,同时为悲剧的解除提供了解答.这一解答对于今天现代化进程中的日常生活审美重建,仍然具有积极的启发意义.     

法治的生活之维——走向“生活世界”的中国法治导论

从生活的维度研究法治是法治理论丰富和发展的需要,也是法治实践探索和反思的结果。中国法治实践正在描绘的一幅可能的法治图景是从法律制度的完善到法治理念的凝练再到法治文化的型塑。文化其实就是人们的生活方式,法治文化的建设因此也是法治的生活关怀。对"生活"的研究滥觞于20世纪西方哲学界,胡塞尔、列斐伏尔、哈贝马斯等现当代哲学家的重要理论中都彰显了哲学回归"生活世界"这一主题。"生活"给法治提供了新的范畴体系、理解框架和理论背景。法治以生活为立场是对法治上层建筑立场的补充和完善,其拓展了法治理论,回应了法治实践,也为中国法治走向"生活世界"提供了路径。     

图片再认ERP在重型颅脑损伤后记忆障碍鉴定的应用

目的探讨图片再认事件相关电位（ERP）对重型颅脑损伤（sTBI）后记忆障碍法医学鉴定的应用价值。方法采用韦氏记忆量表（WMS—RC）和Neuroscan ERP仪,对74例健康志愿者（对照组）及需评定精神伤残等级的29例重型颅脑损伤后记忆障碍者（sTBI组）进行记忆能力和图片再认ERP检测。结果sTBI组WMS-RC各分测验量表分及记忆商数（MQ）均值均明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）;完成ERP任务的反应时、正确率明显延长和降低（P〈0．01）。对照组在靶与非靶刺激呈现后170ms和500ms左右均可记录到潜伏期无显著性差异的二个正向波（P170和P500）,但靶刺激诱发的P500波幅明显高于非靶刺激（P〈0．01）;sTBI组可记录到相似的ERP波形,但各成分的波幅、潜伏期均明显降低和延长（P〈0．01）。sTBI组P500潜伏期与WMS—RC的记图、再认、再生分测验量表分和MQ值均呈高度负相关（r=-0．73～-0．83,P〈0．01）,而与伤残等级呈明显正相关（r=0．65,P〈0．01）。结论图片再认诱发的Psoo潜伏期与WMS-RC反映的短时记忆功能及鉴定的精神伤残等级明显相关,可为sTBI后记忆障碍的伤残鉴定提供一项较客观的神经电生理依据。     

‘Women in Church,Men at the Public House’: religious experience in Romanian society, 1700–1830

This study analyzes religious practices in the Romanian lands in the long eighteenth century. Research for it was based on a series of largely unpublished archival documents which illustrate ordinary people's attitudes to faith, magic, superstition and the church. In periods of instability and insecurity, quite understandably, as daily worries become more acute, faith and religion step in to offer spiritual comfort. This study looks at spiritual practices in the Romanian old regime and explores the ways in which women and men used them as focal points for building sociability and solidarity networks.     

论房产交易中的定金性质及处理原则

随着房地产市场的发展,定金在房产交易中所起作用日显突出,定全的表现形式也呈多样化,传统意义上违约定金的性质已难以体现房产交易中不同形式定金的内容。在房地产交易中,定金的性质依其表现形式而体现为订约定金和违约定金。     

Are individuals' familiarity judgments diagnostic of prior contact?

The extensive eyewitness memory research literature has been restricted to memory for strangers. Although it is often assumed that eyewitnesses are more accurate identifying familiar than unfamiliar individuals, little is known about whether individuals' familiarity judgments are diagnostic of prior contact. Caucasian and Asian sophomores (N=139) in two small private high schools viewed yearbook pictures of (a) graduated students from their school who were seniors (fourth year) when participants were freshmen (first year) (familiar) and (b) unfamiliar individuals, and responded whether each was ‘familiar’. The design was completely crossed; familiar faces at each school served as unfamiliar faces at the other school. Based on d′ data, the cross-race effect resulted for familiarity judgments. Also, although individuals' familiarity judgments were diagnostic of prior contact, accuracy was low (mean hit rate=0.42; mean false alarm rate=0.23), rendering an eyewitness's report of having seen a perpetrator casually in the past of limited forensic value.     

关于创立警察社会学的基本构想

警察是一种角色,也是一种制度。建设社会主义市场经济要求我们严格规范这种角色,并认真思考警察制度的建设。为适应这一新的现实要求,创立警察社会学就十分必要。警察社会学应有特定的研究对象、研究内容,其学科地位和价值意义是不容忽视的。     

对WTO秘书处地位和作用的重新定位

秘书处在许多不同的领域发挥了作用,例如贸易谈判、贸易协议的实施与管理、争端解决等方面。但令人担忧的是,秘书处的作用被弱化,变得越发唯唯诺诺,这会使WTO失去效率。“车轮”理论要求WTO从两轮机器变成四轮机器,发挥秘书处和总干事的最大功效。     

论我国律师的角色定位

将律师角色定位于社会法律工作者,并不能满足社会对律师的角色需求,也没有全面反映律师的自身属性。并且在实践中,这种角色定位越来越暴露出自身存在的难以解决的问题,因此,必需对我国律师角色重新定位。应将律师总体上定位于"为国家或社会服务的独立的法制工作者",为此,应建立和完善律师作证豁免权、律师刑事辩护豁免权、律师调查取证权、律师诉讼业务垄断制度和政府及企事业单位律师制度。     

敌对势力、敌对分子插手群体性事件的预防与处置

敌对势力敌对分子插手群体性事件有四个基本特点,即主体结构多元,政治目的明确;插手方式多样,活动手法诡秘;影响危害严重,发展趋势增强,敌我矛盾混合,预防处置困难。处置此类群体性事件的三项专门对策,即:提高国家安全意识,增强敌情观念,加强隐蔽斗争;建立健全预警机制,搜集情报信息,掌握工作主动权;采取正确策略方法,提高处置水平,预防危害。     

艺术何以源于生活，如何高于生活——从“日常生活批判”理论角度的重新解读

"艺术来源于生活又高于生活"是毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》中着重阐述过的文论观点.艺术何以来源于生活,又是如何高于生活的,其深层意蕴值得探索.从西方马克思主义学者的研究看来,日常生活的边缘性与奠基性是其产生艺术等高级意识形态活动的原因;同时由于日常生活的重复性、实用主义、平均状态等特性,又要求艺术对生活有所超越.这一文艺命题同时蕴涵着毛泽东关于"生活"概念的特指意义及其改造日常生活的特定方式.