网络语言暴力现象研究

互联网的迅速发展,使人们的生产、生活和思想观念都发生了翻天覆地的变化,与此同时,以网络为土壤滋生的网络语言暴力行为给个人和社会造成了很大的困扰,探究网络语言暴力有深远的意义。文章从网络语言暴力的相关问题出发,梳理学者对网络语言暴力的研究成果,并以此提出对网络语言暴力相关问题的见解。     

谈网络语言的特点及成因

网络语言是一种用于网上交流的社会方言,主要由年轻人群创造和使用的,它具有简单直观、生动风趣、个性鲜明的特点。文章运用语言学理论,分析网络语言的来源和其鲜明的特点。它与传统语言的最大不同是体态语得到符号化的展现。随着因特网的不断延伸,网络语言已成为越来越多的网民使用的工具,网络语言对传统语言产生着不容忽视的影响。     

从网络语言形成原因探究其发展前景

作为互联网产物的网络语言正日益影响着我们的生活和文化。本文从网络语言形成的主观和客观原因探讨了其发展前景,指出网络语言的发展还会继续壮大和繁荣;但是,我们也要客观对待,合理引导和适当规范它,这样网络语言才能更健康地发展。     

从网络语言形成原因探究其发展前景

作为互联网产物的网络语言正日益影响着我们的生活和文化。本文从网络语言形成的主观和客观原因探讨了其发展前景。指出网络语言的发展还会继续壮大和繁荣；但是，我们也要客观对待，合理引导和适当规范它，这样网络语言才能更健康地发展。     

法眼看天下

新闻：上海市规范政府文件、教科书和新闻报道语言 从3月1日起，根据新生效的《上海市实施（中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法）办法》，如果在上海的政府文件、教科书和新闻报道中出现诸如“美眉”、“恐龙”、“PK”、“粉丝”等网络流行语言．将被判定为违法行为，理由是它们不符合现代汉语词汇和语法规范。对于这部包含限制网络语言使用的地方性法规，上海市人大法制委员会委员王耀羲解释说，教科书作为一种特殊的出版物．对语言文字使用有示范和规范的重要作用．应当对其使用网络语言做出禁止性规定。此外，新闻报道由于对社会影响大，也应当对其使用网络语言做出限制性规定。     

试析网络语言暴力及如何行使法律监督——从“林妙可受辱事件”切入

从舒淇关闭微博事件到最近的林妙可受辱事件,网络语言暴力逐渐走入人们的视线,在网络发达的今天,信息爆炸,民意汹涌,但是言论亦有边界,必须以不妨碍他人权利和自由为前提。因此加强法律监督,确定网络语言暴力的侵权责任显得尤为重要。     

“变味”的网络文字

近些年来，网络语言的兴起是人们的始料未及的MM、菜鸟、恐龙、粉丝、BT……这些俏皮的网语一下子得到许多年轻人的认同。目前，网语已经“跳”出了网络，开始频频在电视、广播、报刊杂志等亮相，并在日记、作文中现身。有人称，这样的做法，对我们神圣的母语简直是种侮辱！古往今来，我们美丽的汉字创造出了多少经典的文学作品。维护汉字，就是维护我们民族的文化！那么，网语泛化是汉语言生机勃勃的表现，还是对汉语言的恶搞和污染？对此的争议一直不停。2006年5月，教育部、国家语发布的《中国语言生活状况报告》中，对网络用语作了专门介绍，认为如何正确认识和评价网络语言，网络语言将向什么方向发展，它将会给母语带来什么样的影响，这些都是必须面对和关注的现实问题。     

网络中的熟人社会

网络社会未必是陌生人社会,网络社会也未必一定是虚拟的,从国内网络语言沟通社群的特征即可见其一斑。而事实上,如现实社会一样,网络社会也是熟人社会。     

网络词汇翻译的受众心理分析及相应翻译方法

网络词汇是社会进步,语言发展的产物,已经渗透到人们的日常生活当中,而对于网络词汇的翻译是翻译界近几年讨论的热点问题之一。本文针对网络语言受众心理特点分析入手,探讨了几种实用的翻译方法。     

一位母亲的“上岸”日记

儿子终于上岸（网络语言，意指上了心仪的小学）了!得到消息的那一刻，我欣喜若狂，马上把这个好消息告诉了一切可以告诉的亲友。为了这一天，我们苦斗了四五年。     

Living and learning in Tacna,Peru

I spent the summer after my first year of college in Tacna, Peru. I lived in community with five Peruvian nuns and worked in the school where they were the administrators. I was completely immersed in the culture and language as no one spoke English. It was an experience that allowed me to connect with new ideas about community and social justice, ideas that have contributed to the way I have come to understand my position and my responsibilities in my global community. When I returned home from Peru, I wrote this reflection about my experience adapting and living in this wonderful and vibrant community.     

Why Punish Attempts at All? Yaffe on ‘The Transfer Principle’

Gideon Yaffe is to be commended for beginning his exhaustive treatment by asking a surprisingly difficult question: Why punish attempts at all? He addresses this inquiry in the context of defending (what he calls) the transfer principle: ??If a particular form of conduct is legitimately criminalized, then the attempt to engage in that form of conduct is also legitimately criminalized.?? I begin by expressing a few reservations about the transfer principle itself. But my main point is that we are justified in punishing attempts only when and for a different reason than Yaffe provides. I argue that attempts are legitimately punished only when they raise the risk that a harm will actually occur. To overcome the problems my explanation encounters with factually impossible attempts, I suggest an account of risk that relies on ordinary language and possible worlds.     

Economic Libertarians and the Hyperlink: A Preliminary Investigation into an Ideological Practice

Use of the Internet by activists is part of contemporary politics, yet we understand little about the way in which this use is related to ideological production. This paper describes the basis for and discusses an on-going research project in its early stages that seeks to understand the use of hyperlinks to create meaning on the World Wide Web. It particularly focuses on the way in which economic libertarians in the U.S. have provided links to the web pages of likeminded individuals. I theorize these links as a social practice that is informing the way in which property rights are being understood by a highly influential group of lawyers and legal activists in the U.S. Through an analysis of the links found on the web pages of lawyers who have been working to advance a free market vision of property and economic rights, I speculate on a way to understand hyperlinking as meaning creation.Several people have assisted this research in various ways and deserve to be thanked. Heath Mills, my gradute assistant at Northern Illinois University spent many hours looking at and documenting web pages. I also wish to thank the members of the International Roundtable on Law and Semiotics, which met in Amherst, Massachusetts in April 2003, for their wonderful helpful comments.Finally, thanks to Brigham for always supporting my work and providing insightful commentary; and to Taag Ebert for patiently helping me translate the language of computer engineering into the language of political science and language studies.     

Use and Misuse of Language in Judicial Decision-Making: Russian Experience

In my paper I will analyze decisions of the Russian Constitutional Court and courts of general jurisdiction, in which they interpret ordinary and seemingly unambiguous words and phrases. In a number of cases this interpretation is made in a manner, which is suspect from a linguistic point of view. The analysis shows that there is no consistency in the application by Russian courts of the “plain language” rule and that literal interpretation may be used selectively as a means of legitimizing the decisions made on non-linguistic grounds. Though literal interpretation can be often incompatible with the concept of justice and therefore judges should also take into account other criteria, there are examples of court decisions, in which literal interpretation would have been more appropriate from the perspective of justice, separation of powers and human rights. The article shows how use and misuse of language by judges is employed as a tool in judicial decision-making.     

Writing Workshops for First Year Law: my contribution as an applied linguist

“Law schools should focus more on teaching writing – not some Procrustean monstrosity called ‘legal writing,’ but the ordinary techniques of constructing a sentence and telling a story” writes Roosevelt in his review of Divergent Paths: The Academy and the Judiciary by Posner. The Australian Threshold Learning Outcome expects law graduates to be effective, appropriate and persuasive as communicators when interacting with both legal and non-legal persons. We also know that embedding learning outcomes or graduate attributes throughout a programme encourages progressive learning. Furthermore, the whole of degree curriculum design undertaken from a shared perspective reflects industry and student requirements better than individual subjects can. In the absence of any whole of degree curriculum, the semester-long series of Writing Workshops for First Year Law (WWFYL) was created. Building on the success of past collaboration (Curró and Longo), WWFYL reflect a move away from a solitary, silent teaching culture to open sharing of practice. The widening participation and skills agendas remind us of the need to focus on the integration of academic literacies into law. If law is language, can applied linguistics make a contribution to the literacy needs of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds? As an applied linguist, my objective is to raise awareness of the elements and features of legal writing and demystify the specialised discourse and textual features. In this paper I present my theoretical framework borrowed from socio-constructivist theories, focusing on how students learn specific subject matter in particular contexts: “a teaching and learning process that makes transparent the practices and discourses of the subject area” (D. Warren, “Curriculum Design in a Context of Widening Participation in Higher Education” (2002) 1 Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 85, p. 88). Two snapshots of my classroom discourse demonstrating the practical application of my teaching are presented, as well as evaluation data supporting my approach.     

On the Incoherence of Legal Language to the General Public

I will suggest, in this article, a possible explanation of the fact that legal language appears incoherent to the general public. I will present one legal text (an indictment), explaining why it appears incoherent to legal laypersons. I will argue that the traits making this particular text appear incoherent are, first, that a specialized legal meaning is conveyed implicitly and, second, that there are no key-words that could direct laypersons to the knowledge making this meaning obvious to legalists. I will conclude that any legal text having these traits is likely to appear incoherent to the general public and suggest that the traits making my example appear incoherent might be rather common among the various texts of the various legal systems. On this suggestion there is no need to assume any causal relation between lawyers’ social interests and the apparent incoherence of legal language as it entails that this incoherence is inevitable. (I will argue that it is a result of the facts that legal language is ordinary language used, in the ordinary way, in the special context of the legal discourse.)     

Gillian Davies

How did you first become interested in IP? After being called to the Bar and completing my pupillage inCommon Law Chambers, I decided I wanted to work in an internationallaw context to make use of my language skills in French andSpanish. Completely by chance, I applied for a job as legalassistant at the United International Bureaux for the Protectionof Intellectual Property (the organization which subsequentlybecame WIPO), in     

Networks in the Legislative Arena: How Group Dynamics Affect Cosponsorship

In this study, we explore the determinants of cosponsorship activity within state legislatures. Utilizing a social dynamic framework, we develop and test a model of the interplay of the activities of sponsorship and cosponsorship that includes both individual‐level and social network characteristics as determinants of agenda‐setting behavior; the latter demonstrating how collaboration and mutual interests shape the agenda‐setting process. We find several consistent factors that influence the frequency of cosponsorship activity: (1) ideological distance, (2) proximity of legislators' districts, (3) homophily (similar characteristics such as race, gender, and ethnicity), and (4) transitivity (the idea that friends of my friends are also my friends).     

汉语元语言系统研究的理论建构及应用价值

近年来的汉语词典学,词汇学,语义学和语言信息处理等领域的研究之所以难以出现重大突破,其表层原因在于尚未对现代汉语元语言系统展开深入研究,其深层原因在于没有对元语言的理论和方法进行创造性探索,从语言学立场出发探索元语言,势必形成逻辑学元语言和语言学元语言的分野。语言学的元语言是对象语的解释性符号系统,与之相对的对象语可以是语言系统,也可以是同一系统的部分语符,依据所处语言层面和应用功能,存在词汇元语言,释义元语言和语义元语言三种系统,以之为基础可进一步研究信息处理元语言和认知元语言,元语言系统研究就是“语言基因图谱分析工程”,只有完成了这一工程才能建立语义结构网络,“自然语言能力模拟工程”才有可能实现。     

Embracing Emotionality: Clothing My “Naked Truths”

There is increasing awareness and recognition that researchers’ emotions will contribute to a richer and deeper understanding of what they are studying. Researchers’ emotions as analytic tools are particularly relevant when working with marginalized or oppressed groups because of the emotional aspect generally associated with human suffering. This paper discusses how adopting a reflexive practice can help researchers embrace and use their emotions as a part of the research process, enabling a more humanistic approach to studying crime and those whose marginalization and oppression are intricately tied to their crime. More specifically, this paper examines my own experiences of doing research with Aboriginal female offenders in a federal prison. I problematize the process of embracing emotionality by reflecting on the paralysis that evolved in my research with these women as I experienced an overwhelming sense of despair and hopelessness. I contend that social science in the academic arena, not unlike many other institutions in society, has adopted a method of surveillance thereby instilling a sense of fear and judgment upon those working in academic arenas. After describing my reflexive process throughout this emotional paralysis, I describe my discovery of safe spaces as a way of dealing with my emotions and how engaging in creative analytic practice enabled me to clothe my nakedness and vulnerability as I represented, and ultimately re-created my self in the research process. As part of that evolution, embracing emotionality ultimately enabled me to engage in knowledge building as well as advocacy with and for Aboriginal women in prison.