经济全球化与全球法治化

市场经济为各主要国家所采用,通讯、运输和信息等革命性技术的广泛运用,以及战后相对和平的国际环境等,是经济全球化的必要条件。它是国际社会相互依赖关系上升到一个新的层次的表现形式,具体体现在各国经济上的高度相互依赖、国际组织间合作进一步加强、非政府组织影响力急遽增加等方面。经济全球化要求与之相适应的国际规范,这些国际规范对列国的立法、行政和司法行为具直接作用,其进入内国法具有高层次、具体化、强制性的特点。这从世贸组织的实践可窥一斑。国际规范以强制性的拘束力进入内国法,从而导致列国的法律规范、执法原则和标准以及法律价值等不断向趋同的方向发展。这一趋势的持续发展又势必导致国际社会成员的法律和制度逐步达到法治社会的要求,即全球法治化。     

Insolvency in Private International Law: National and International Approaches

Netherlands International Law Review -     

The Design of Environmental Regimes: Social Construction, Contextuality, and Improvisation

While much of the literature on environmental regimes has focused on effectiveness, this article takes a new look at a lesser-studied topic, the evolution of regime design. Understanding how regimes differ in design, and how various factors and processes shape such design, is important if we are to more carefully craft these regimes. We should also pay close attention to the formative role of social construction and context. Focusing on transboundary marine programs, we see that their designs basically follow a common template, namely that of the UNEP (United Nations Environmental Programme) Regional Seas Programme. However, the action of context (i.e., local actors and political processes) can modify these designs away from the common template. The extent to which these programs begin to differentiate from each other may be an important sign of program maturity and responsiveness to context. In this article, we examine a set of transboundary marine programs to uncover what the important dimensions of differentiation are. Then, we focus on one specific program, the SSME (Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion) and closely trace how its specific form and organization came about. The analysis is informed by a model of institutional coherence that portrays institutions as the product of multiple generative mechanisms (e.g., social construction, ecological fit, and others). While it is premature to make definite judgments about the relative merits of competing regime designs, the work provides us with a new mode of analysis that can provide helpful directions for institutional assessment.     

A Century of Green Lessons: The Contribution of Nature Conservation Regimes to Global Governance

This paper reviews the lessons learned over the past 100 years in international management and conservation of the Earth's natural heritage and biological resources (fauna and flora), in the face of growing threats of degradation and extinction. The focus is on the effectiveness of intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions – in terms of agenda-setting, regime formation, implementation and compliance, and reactions to non-compliance. Among specific case histories analysed are the ivory trade ban, the whaling moratorium, and attempts at establishing an international forest regime. Innovative governance features highlighted in the field of global living resource management include active NGO participation, the use of selective economic incentives and disincentives (e.g. multilateral or bilateral trade sanctions), and a number of judicial enforcement remedies for both species-based and area-based conservation agreements. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects of transition from the paradigm of 'permanent sovereignty over natural resources' towards new concepts of public trusteeship and stewardship.     

破产法律适用立法的新突破——欧盟破产法律适用规范的注释与评析

长期以来,跨境破产的立法、司法实践以及学术研究一直把关注点放在法院选择上,法律选择的价值和作用没有得到足够的重视。就目前来看,仅有少数国家和国际组织在跨境破产立法中涉及到破产的法律适用问题,并且其规定又大多非常单薄、零碎而不成体系。在这些为数不多的立法当中,欧     

Insolvency and employment protection: the mixed effects of the Acquired Rights Directive

The statutory protection provided by European Community law to employees during transfers of undertakings and other restructurings has been criticised on the grounds that it undermines insolvency procedures and interferes with the ‘rescue’ process. We present an analysis which suggests that granting employees rights of this kind may be an efficient means of recognising their firm-specific human capital. Case-study evidence is then presented to show that while in some situations employment rights may obstruct reorganisations, in others they allow employee interests to be factored into the bargaining process in such a way as to enhance the survival chances of enterprises undergoing restructuring. The law functions best when effective mechanisms of employee representation are in place and when the conditions under which employees’ acquired rights can be waived in the interests of preserving employment are clearly specified.     

法律全球化与中国诉讼法文化的构建

法律全球化作为一种不可回避的现象,对我国诉讼法文化的冲击远远超越了"中———西"范式,以及简单的"资本主义———社会主义"的意识形态两分法。本文从分析法律全球化的内涵入手,指出法律全球化并不存在西方学者所谓的中心与边缘,而是全世界各主权国家共同参与的进程。在法律全球化的背景下,我国传统诉讼法文化所表现出的"无讼"、"重调解、轻裁判"、"重实体、轻程序"、较强的国家本位主义等特点已不合时宜。面对法律全球化的冲击与挑战,我们应当以积极的态度去研究它,对其再生利用,并从诉讼观念变革、诉讼制度建构和司法方法论研究等三个方面去重塑我国的诉讼法文化。     

Introduction: Global Processes, National Institutions, Local Bricolage: Shaping Law in an Era of Globalization

The articles by Carruthers and Halliday and by Hagan, Levi, and Ferrales in the present issue of Law and Social Inquiry provide a wonderful opportunity to carry out a brief reflection on the broader field of research on globalization and law. As the discussant and organizer/chair, respectively, of a panel on "Law between Globalization and National Institutions," from which these two articles emerged, we use the following pages to: (1) show how both articles exemplify, in two different ways, what we call the "process turn" in globalization research, (2) identify four theoretical themes these articles speak to, relating them to the broader literature, and (3) draw some lessons for future law and society scholarship in an age of globalization. ¹     

论亚投行对全球金融治理体系的完善

亚投行的正式成立为当代国际金融治理体系的发展完善注入了新的活力.其产生是基于亚洲地区发展基础设施投资的客观资金需求,也有中国所处经济发展阶段的主观动因,更源自于全球金融治理体系改革的需要.作为专注于地区基础设施投资的新的区域性开发型金融机构,亚投行不应被赋予过度的政治解读.亚投行设立的积极意义在于为全球金融治理注入新鲜血液,改善全球金融治理结构并有助于国际金融治理规则的重塑.亚投行今后的发展仍面临诸多挑战,应在内部构建良性循环的治理结构,处理好与其他多边机构的外部关系,融入可持续发展理念,坚持市场化的运营模式并处理好资金安全风险.     

反思《破产法》对合同的处理

我国《破产法》第18条规定,管理人对破产程序开始时债务人和合同相对人均未履行完毕的合同有权决定继续履行或解除,其目的在于增进债务人财产的价值,维护债权人的整体利益。照此目的,我国《破产法》在以下方面有待细化与补充:首先,应当设置给付为可分的情形的特则,对于管理人决定继续履行合同时的合同相对人未受领的对待给付的请求权,应当区分是否为其未履行的给付的对价,分别作为破产债权或共益债权来处理;其次,应当从条文上明确,管理人解除合同发生恢复原状的法律效果,合同相对人由此产生的请求权为共益债权。     

论破产重整中对有财产担保债权的限制与保护

重整程序中限制有财产担保债权人权利行使的基础,根本在于破产法立法价值的嬗变——个人本位让位社会本位。我国《企业破产法》确立了对担保债权人的限制与保护措施的基本框架,但仍有进一步完善的空间:实现担保债权关乎债权人存亡或者担保物对于企业重整已无意义时,应当允许担保债权人解除"自动停止",恢复行使优先受偿权;目前的强制批准制度对于担保债权人的保护过于周全,使其没有动力参与重整计划的协商,同时又会增加重整的成本与负担,应当适当降低强制批准中对于担保债权人提供的待遇;应当赋予担保债权人参与重整计划执行的监督权利,监督权主要通过行使知情权与异议权实现。     

Unsuitable Suitors: Anti-Miscegenation Laws, Naturalization Laws, and the Construction of Asian Identities

In this article, I use state-level anti-miscegenation legislation to examine how Asian ethnic groups became categorized within the American racial system in the period between the Civil War and the civil rights movement of the 1960s. I show how the labels used to describe Asian ethnic groups at the state level reflected and were constrained by national-level debates regarding the groups eligible for U.S. citizenship. My main point is that Asian ethnic groups originally were viewed as legally distinct—racially and ethnically, and that members of these groups recognized and used these distinctions to seek social rights and privileges. The construction of "Asian" as a social category resulted primarily from congressional legislation and judicial rulings that linked immigration with naturalization regulations. Anti-miscegenation laws further contributed to the social exclusion of those of Asian ancestry by grouping together U.S.-born and foreign-born Asians.     

全球化与当代中国科技法制建设

考察了全球化对于世界科技、经济及其法律的双重影响,分析了全球化对于当代中国科技法制建设的积极影响与严峻挑战;指出全球化时代中国作为后发国家欲振兴本国科技与经济,必须致力建构和完善促进与保障科技进步的法律体系,加强科技法制建设的战略研究。