经济犯罪、商业犯罪、财产犯罪的罪刑关系研究

经济犯罪、商业犯罪、财产犯罪是市场经济中常发多见的犯罪形式,但是目前在中外的刑法典和刑法学中对它们的规定和研究存在一定的偏差;经济犯罪是经济主体在经济干预或者调控的过程中实施的严重侵犯经济秩序和经济利益的行为;商业犯罪亦即商事犯罪,是指商事主体在商品生产、商品经营或者商业服务过程中实施的严重侵犯商事活动秩序和他人商业利益的行为;财产犯罪是行为人在对财产的占有、使用、收益、处分的过程中实施的严重侵犯他人财产权益的行为;三者在主体、罪过、目的、动机、客体、行为方式、手段、定罪情节、处罚原则等方面都存在明显差异,但它们却完整地构成了以三者为主体、以财产犯罪为基础的市场经济犯罪新体系。     

中国的收入差距与刑事犯罪

中国的收入差距与刑事犯罪存在着内在的逻辑关系,且前者对后者的影响具有非线性特征.从刑事案件规模来看,收入差距对刑事犯罪的影响具有“U”型曲线特征,即适度的收入差距将降低刑事犯罪率,而其进一步扩大则将带来后者的攀升;从刑事案件结构来看,收入差距显著地诱发了暴力型案件中的凶杀罪和伤害罪,以及财产型案件中的盗窃罪,且尤以盗窃案件所受到的影响为明显.缓和、消除收入阶层之间的矛盾,进而优化生存和生产环境,应以形成合理有序的收入分配格局为前提,而促进农民增收是关键.     

论犯罪的经济因素

经济因素是影响犯罪的重要的因素之一,它与犯罪存在必然的联系,经济的增长对犯罪率有直接影响.我国处于经济制度改革的时期,一些制度的不完善必然对犯罪造成影响,尤其对财产犯罪的影响更为显著.     

对我国1990-2007年城乡居民收入差距的分析

20世纪90年代以来,我国城乡居民的人均收入有了较大的提高,但同时也伴随着城乡居民收入差距的日益扩大。本文通过以1978年为基年的居民消费价格指数、商品零售价格指数对数据进行处理,采用三次曲线模型对剔除物价影响后的收入差进行了拟合,同时对2008年的实际收入差进行了预测。     

社会资本、工业集聚与经济增长——基于中国经验的实证研究

社会资本对经济增长的重要作用,已越来越受到人们的广泛关注。笔者在对社会资本、工业集聚与经济增长相互关系进行理论分析的基础上,采用中国2000年的截面数据,实证检验各地区信任指数对地区工业集聚水平的影响。结果发现,我国各地区的信任指数对地区工业集聚具有非常显著的促进作用。在我国,社会资本通过加速工业的集聚的方式,进而促进了经济的增长。这也进一步表明,我国地区间在社会资本水平上的差异是造成我国地区经济差异的一个十分重要的原因。     

金融公平与收入分配——收入分配改革视野下的金融公平

改革开放三十多年中，我国创造了举世瞩目的经济增长奇迹，但与之相伴随的是收入分配差距不断拉大，基尼系数已经超过国际上公认的警戒线并逐年上升，成为困扰经济与社会发展的一大隐洗。     

破窗理论视野下的新型财产诈骗犯罪研究

本文以犯罪学中的“破窗理论”为基础,探讨信息化背景下新型财产诈骗犯罪的两大核心问题,即其是否与网络环境无序性存在相关性,以及如果相关,对无序的干预是否会降低该类犯罪的发生,基于以上分析,探索我国当前新型财产诈骗犯罪高发的“破窗”所在.最后建立了“零容忍——控制犯罪源、整顿无序——肃清犯罪环境及被害人预防”三维度全面预防机制,为预防、控制和消除新型财产诈骗犯罪提供一种新路径.     

首都保障性住房犯罪问题实证研究——以经济适用房犯罪为视角

保障性住房是指政府为中低收入住房困难家庭所提供的限定标准、限定价格或租金的住房,由限价住房、经济适用住房和政策性租赁住房构成,其中,尤以经济适用房涉及面最广、收到关注度最高。经济适用房作为国家政策性保障住房,具有严格的准入资格和审批程序。     

盗窃、诈骗行为交织型财产犯罪定性研究

近年来,盗窃与诈骗行为相交织的侵财犯罪日渐增多.其客观表现既有行为人在实施骗术过程中加入秘密窃取行为,也有行为人在行窃之后跟进实施骗取行为,或者交错实施窃取、骗取行为等.对此究竟是认定盗窃罪还是诈骗罪,其分辨标准及关键要素是什么?下面结合典型实例进行解剖、厘清.     

Unemployment, Economic Theory, and Property Crime: A Note on Measurement

Drawing on rational choice theory, this study considers how best to measureunemployment within the context of the unemployment–property crimerelationship. Specifically, we use ARIMA techniques to examine the relativeefficacy of using the conventional Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)unemployment rate and two alternative measures of the demand for labor aspredictors of monthly counts of U.S. property offenses for the years 1982through 1996. The bivariate time series analyses indicate that while theBLS unemployment rate exhibits null effects, the number of individualsunemployed for 15 weeks or more and the capacity utilization ratesignificantly affect the level of property crime. The implications ofthese results are discussed.     

新时期居民收入差距刍议

尽管我国GDP的总量连年快速增长,但居民之间的收入差距却越来越大,如果不很好地解决这个问题,将严重影响改革开放的成果甚至影响社会稳定。因此,缩小地区、行业、城乡之间的差距,走共同富裕的道路,是当前各级政府亟待解决的问题。     

完善我国收入分配机制的经济法思考

法律是社会利益资源和权利的分配书。解决当前我国日趋尖锐复杂的收入分配问题,应该大力发挥经济法在分配功能。经济法在实现再分配时应遵循利益平衡原则、社会整体利益原则和有限调节原则。发挥经济法的再分配功能,建立科学分配机制,要处理好经济增长与收入分配的关系,加大利用财税杠杆调节收入分配的力度,进一步完善劳动工资立法,进一步完善社会保障法律体系,公平分配社会教育资源,缩小城乡教育投入的差距,并进一步强化经济司法。     

Sex-Based Predictors of Male and Female Property Crime Arrest Rates: Disadvantage and Drug Use

A large body of research has considered the relationship between crime and structural indicators. However, despite trends in the gender gap in offending, fewer studies have separately examined the effects of structural variables on both male and female offending. The present study examined that question through a macro-level examination of property crime across large U.S. cities using data from the Uniform Crime Report and the American Community Survey. The predictors included theoretically supported indicators of disadvantage and drug accessibility/use that were disaggregated by sex. Although the findings indicated some similarities in predictors of male and female arrest rates, they highlighted some important differences as well.     

经济犯罪的成本分析与预防

经济犯罪很大程度上是通过行为人预先的利弊权衡与理性计算后付诸实施的。超额利润的吸引力与刑法的威慑力相比,作为市场主体的经济人往往会选择前者,这是资本的逐利性使然。因此,用经济学的观点研究经济犯罪,通过提高经济犯罪的成本,降低犯罪收益,从而治理经济犯罪,具有理论和实践意义。     

Crime is the Problem: Homicide,Acquisitive Crime,and Economic Conditions

A question that emerges from recent research on the relationship between economic conditions and street crimes committed for monetary gain concerns the effect of changing economic conditions on violent crime. I propose that the economy stimulates violent crime indirectly through its effect on acquisitive crime. This hypothesis is evaluated in fixed-effects panel models of change in acquisitive crime and homicide rates between 1970 and 2006. The analysis indicates that collective perceptions of economic conditions have a significant effect on an index of acquisitive crime and an indirect effect, through acquisitive crime, on homicide. Consistent with this result, the effect of collective economic perceptions is stronger for felony than argument-related homicides. A promising focus for future research is the role of underground markets in the production of both property and violent crime.

市场经济与经济犯罪关系的动态研究

市场经济属于生产关系的范畴,经济犯罪是经济发展的产物,两者有着密切的关系。从机制上看,市场经济充满活力,使经济按照市场要求发展,是计划经济无法比拟的,但它也使经济犯罪的种类、数量不断增加。     

Reassessing the Cross-National Relationship Between Income Inequality and Homicide Rates: Implications of Data Quality Control in the Measurement of Income Distribution

A significant positive relationship between income inequality and homicide rates has been found in a large number of cross-sectional studies and a few longitudinal analyses; a theoretically interesting interaction effect between income inequality and social welfare has also been found. For the most part researchers have been willing to use generous quality criteria in collecting income-distribution data, to maximize sample size and thereby enhance statistical power and representativeness. In the present paper we use a recently developed data set with explicit quality ratings for the income-distribution data, which permits systematic assessment of the consequences of relying on income-distribution measures of varying quality in examining the inequality-homicide relationship. Our analyses reveal that the income inequality-homicide relationship is remarkably robust in cross-sectional analyses. Regardless of the quality of income-distribution data, we observe significant positive effects of the Gini coefficient on homicide rates in cross-sectional multivariate models. Consistent results are also observed when an interaction term for income inequality and decommodification is examined. The results of longitudinal analyses differ; we observe a significant positive effect of changes in inequality on changes in homicide rates only when income-distribution measures of low quality are used.     

Property Rights in Endangered Species: The Wolverine Case

The Scandinavian wolverine is a predator that kills many reindeer belonging to the Sami, the indigenous population of northern Scandinavia. The wolverine is also an endangered species. Hunting is, therefore, illegal. The intended conservation is ineffective, however, due to poaching. In this paper we suggest a property rights regime for the protection of the endangered wolverine. We also want to contribute to a solution to a long-standing conflict between the urban South and the North of Sweden. General conditions essential for an efficient protection of endangered species by property rights are outlined. In the suggested regime Sami villages with reindeer herders as members become the owners of the wolverines. Reindeer breeding and wolverine protection thereby become joint operations. Remuneration for wolverine protection will be received from the Swedish State that pays for wolverines living in the grazing area. The system can presumably be financed by a redistribution of current subsidies to the Sami.     

The Relationship Between Crime and Stop,Question, and Frisk Rates in New York City Neighborhoods

The current study builds on prior research in an analysis of the relationship between monthly violent and property crime rates in New York City census tracks and the New York City Police Department’s highly contentious stop, question, and frisk (SQF) policy. We find that higher doses of SQF are associated with small crime reductions generally and specific crime reductions for stops of blacks, Hispanics, and whites. But the way the policy was implemented precludes strong causal conclusions. Now that a federal court has intervened and SQF is undergoing change, the court monitor, New York Police Department, and city officials should partner with researchers in experimental evaluations to determine the optimal mix and dosage of enforcement strategies that safeguard the rights and liberties of citizens while enhancing public safety.