论“署名权”应改为“保护作者身份权”

我国现行著作权法中规定的"署名权,即表明作者身份,在作品上署名的权利"与我国著作权法第三次修订草案送审稿中曾拟定的"署名权,即决定是否表明作者身份以及如何表明作者身份的权利"的表述,都以偏概全,名不副实。其实署名权是表明作者身份权的下位概念,表明作者身份权又是保护作者身份权的下位概念。建议在我国著作权法第三次修改中,将"署名权"改为"主张作者身份和反对损害作者身份的权利"的保护作者身份权。我国著作权法中的著作人身权应当由保护作者身份权、保护作品完整权与发表权共同构成。     

论促进和保护受教育权的国际标准

从现有国际人权法渊源中确立促进和保护受教育权的国际标准可谓构成国际人权法的新发展 ,而从国际人权上对受教育权作出识别是确定上述标准的前提。本文根据有关受教育权的主要国际文件的统一化进程并结合国际社会的实践将受教育权归类为基本教育权、初等教育权、中等教育权、高等教育权和教育选择权 ,并依据一系列国际文件对世界各国促进和保护受教育权的义务性安排建立起国际社会促进和保护各类受教育权的国际标准模型 ,同时揭示了上述国际标准模型在适用过程中的特性。     

Premature detachment of the placenta due to kicks to the lower abdomen

An 18-year-old woman in an advanced stage of pregnancy was admitted to hospital for gynaecological emergency treatment with pain after kicks to the lower abdomen. Premature detachment of the placenta was diagnosed and an immediate Caesarian section was performed. Although the newborn was resuscitated at once by the medical team, it died two days later in the paediatric hospital from multiorgan failure. The autopsy results together with the pathological findings of the palcenta proved the causal context between the kicks, the premature detachment of the placenta and the hypoxia requiring postnatal resuscitation, so that the perpetrator was found guilty.     

基因研究中知情同意权的实现

国家是基因资源保护的第一责任人。国家应当建立严密的基因资源保护制度 ,引导公民建立基因资源的保护意识 ,支持公民通过知情同意权的实现与国家协力共同保护基因资源。采集血样是研究人体基因的常见方式 ,只要这种研究不是纯公益性质 ,血样就是获取商业利润的物质基础。血样提供者和采集血样者各应有相应的权利和义务。     

网络犯罪相关罪名法律适用问题研究

为更好地防范和打击网络违法犯罪行为,我国刑事立法进一步拓宽了网络犯罪的刑法打击范围。如何实现新增罪名的准确适用是当前的重要问题。关于非法利用信息网络罪,要注意对行为方式和"情节严重"的把握,关于帮助信息网络犯罪活动罪,需要加强对"明知"和"情节严重"的认知;关于拒不履行信息网络安全管理义务罪,要注意对信息网络安全管理义务的范畴和监管部门的范围与层级予以明确。     

171例脑干颅神经损伤

目的　观察头部受力致脑干颅神经损伤的形态学改变 ,探讨脑干颅神经损伤形成机制及其与头受力部位和方式的关系。方法　 171例脑干标本 ,于双侧第 3～ 12对颅神经的根部水平横切取组织块 ,常规固定、脱水、包埋、切片、HE染色 ,光镜检查。结果　所有标本均见颅神经损伤。有动眼神经损伤 ( 12 0例 ,70 2 % ) ,面听神经损伤( 92例 ,5 3 8% ) ,三叉神经损伤 ( 85例 ,49 7% ) ,外展神经损伤 ( 4 5例 ,2 6 3 % ) ,舌下神经损伤 ( 3 1例 ,18 1% ) ,迷走神经损伤 ( 2 7例 15 8% ) ,舌咽神经损伤 ( 2 4例 ,14 0 % )及滑车神经和副神经损伤 (各 10例 ,5 8% )。损伤可为单侧或双侧 ,累及单条或多条。病理形态学改变有出血 ( 4 2例 ,2 4 6% ) ,水肿 ( 2 6例 ,15 2 % ) ,神经根部组织结构变形 ( 71例 ,41 5 % ) ,根部撕裂 ( 3 2例 ,18 7% )等。结论　脑干颅神经损伤是脑干损伤的并存病变 ;位脑干高位的颅神经损伤比位低位的多 ,粗的神经损伤比细的多而严重 ;动眼、面、听神经损伤的发生率较高。     

领导干部如何提高新闻执政力

在媒体事件发生频率越来越高、影响越来越大的网络时代,领导干部作为执政者,要切实尊重新闻舆论的传播规律,把舆论引导作为执政能力建设的重要内容,真正实现善待媒体、善用媒体、善管媒体,进而提高新闻执政能力。     

中国法律史研究的可能前景:超越西方,回归本土?

近代以降,西方的法律概念和法学理论随着坚船利炮不断“侵入”中国,并逐步支配了中国的法制建设和法律教育。在西方法学宰制下,固有的中国法律史研究范式也被取而代之,从而深刻地影响了我们对中国法律史的理解和叙述。为了克服西方法学宰制下的中国法律史研究的弊端,真正理解和深刻领悟中国法律史的独特性和真精神,很有必要采取“超越西方,回归本土”的态度。在这种情形下,我们既要用“内在视角”来认识中国法律史的固有内涵,又要用“外在视角”来照亮中国法律史的独特意蕴。     

完善商标法律制度适应我国入世需要--《商标法》修改内容简介

《商标法》是１９８２年８月由五届全国人大常委会第二十四次会议审议通过，１９８３年３月１日起施行的。１９９３年２月，七届全国人大常委会第三十次会议对商标法作了部分修改。《商标法》施行以来，对于加强商标管理，保护商标专用权，促使商标注册人保证商品或者服务质量，维护商标信誉，保障消费者的利益，促进经济发展，发挥了重要的作用。但是，随着社会主义市场经济的发展，我国现行商标保护制度存在的一些缺陷日益显露出来，与商标保护的客观需要不相适应；一些方面与我国参加的国际条约和世界贸易组织规则主要是《与贸易有关的知…     

领导干部提高应对突发事件能力的思考

本文分析了领导干部应对突发事件应当具备的洞察和鉴别能力、统御全局能力、组织协调能力、快速反应和决断能力,提出了提高领导干部应时突发事件能力的对策,即应当充分认识提高领导干部应对突发事件能力的重要性,切实加强学习,重视在实践演练中提高,增强服务意识,不断对突发事件应对工作进行深刻的反思和总结.     

论渎职犯罪“损失”之判定

划定渎职罪损失的范围，应当将非物质性损失和间接损失纳入。渎职罪的间接损失系指由直接经济损失引起和牵连的其他损失。债权无法实现，可期待利益损失都是间接损失。渎职犯罪损失的计算应当以立案侦查时为最后期限。单次渎职行为造成的损失未达到犯罪，只要未经处理的，其损失数额可以累计。     

故意传播艾滋病行为的刑法适用

故意传播艾滋病的行为,不构成我国刑法中的传播性病罪,在当代的医疗水平下,可以认为该行为构成故意杀人罪。在审判时,被害人没有死亡的,只能追究行为人故意杀人未遂的刑事责任。经被害人承诺的故意传播艾滋病行为,也构成故意杀人罪。危及公共安全的故意传播艾滋病行为则会构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。     

刑事侦查权与治安管理权分离刍议

我国公安机关的警察权是刑事侦查权和治安管理权相混合的结构。这不利于相关权力之间的相互制衡和独立运行,容易造成权力滥用。为建设法制文明,使警察权更好地发挥维护秩序、保护人权的功能,就要明确划分警察公共管理活动中的权、责范围,把刑事执法权和行政执法权分开,刑事执法权由中央统一行使,行政执法权由地方分别行使。     

坚持网络舆论正确导向的路径分析

导向是舆论的根本性问题。坚持网络舆论的正确导向,就是要始终坚持舆论的社会主义方向,弘扬主旋律,传播正能量。实践中仍有一些因素影响着网络舆论的正确导向,因此应进一步加深对网络舆论正确导向的认识,依法加强网络空间治理,构建以中央主要媒体为主导的主流舆论格局,大力提高网民的媒介素养。     

Multiculturalism and the Willingness of Citizens to Defer to Law and to Legal Authorities

A key problem in trying to manage diverse societies is finding social policies that will be acceptable to all individuals and groups. Studies suggest that this problem may not be as intractable as is often believed, since people's acceptance of policies is shaped to an important degree by the fairness of the procedures used by authorities to make policy. When policies are fairly made, they gain widespread support, even among those who may feel that the consequences of the policy for them or their group are undesirable or even unfair. These findings support an optimistic view of the ability of authorities to manage diverse societies. On the other hand, research suggests that the ability of procedural justice to bridge differences among individuals and groups may not be equally strong under all conditions. People's willingness to accept policies is more influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify with the society that the authorities represent and view them as representing a group of which they are members. They are less influenced by procedural justice judgments when they identify more strongly with subgroups than with society and/or view the authorities as representatives of a group to which they do not belong.     

Overlooking the merits of the individual case: an unpromising approach to the right to die

Abstract .
One of the strongest arguments against the legalization of voluntary euthanasia is that even though a given suffering or comatose patient may have a moral right to die, legal recognition of the right would lead inevitably to mistakes and abuses in other cases. The flaw in this argument is the assumption that it is always and necessarily a greater evil to let someone die by mistake than to keep a person alive by mistake. In fact, we cannot plausibly say that one of these two kinds of mistake is in itself, isolated from other factors, always more serious than the other. This point is illustrated by an examination both of a terminal patient whose prospect is a full year of intolerable pain (Matthew Donnelly) and of a patient in a "persistent vegetative state" (Nancy Cruzan). Moreover, it is untrue that legalization would necessarily lead to greater numbers of mistakenly approved discontinuances of treatment than of mistakenly approved refusals of termination, and numbers, it is argued, do matter.     

Death due to unusual position of the body--an explanationfor the consequence of reduced venous reflux to the heart

The article describes the case of a 29-year-old woman who was found dead in her apartment on a bar stool with the body being maximally retroflected in the lumbar region, the head hanging down and the feet and hands barely touching the floor. On external inspection of the body the cuff-like distribution of hypostasis on the forearms and lower legs was consistent with the position in which the body was found. There were no signs of foreign intervention. At autopsy massive congestion was found in the internal organs as well as pulmonary and cerebral edema. In the ventral region of the lumbar intervertebral discs superficial hemorrhages were detected. The alcohol content was 3.40 per thousand in the blood and 4.43 per thousand in the urine. As the essential pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for death reduced venous reflux to the heart in combination with postural asphyxia and the influence of alcohol are discussed.