从“两范式”到“三视角”:谈中国新闻史研究的路径创新——以抗战大后方新闻史研究为例

近年来,中国新闻史研究的路径创新,已经成为学界讨论的重点,亦有不少学者开始尝试种种创新。然而,一方面成果寥寥,另一方面听者藐藐,多年来情况似乎依然如故,未见太大改观,几乎陷于一种"学术内卷化"的状态。新闻史的书写,归根到底,就是根据"新闻"的内容,按照"历史"的时间顺序,用语言描述和解释中国新闻活动发展的历史。中国新闻史研究的路径创新,可以从大历史的视角、本体性的视角、互动式的视角展开尝试和突破,以进一步体现新闻史学科的独立性。     

民国判例:功能、必要性与特点——以南京政府刑事特别法判例为例

民国判例的法律功能,以刑事特别法为研究对象可归结为界定概念内涵、解释法条含义、区分特别法之间的选择适用、区分特别法与法典的选择适用、指示特别法与法典配合适用等类型。从实际案例分析来看,判例对准确适用法律很有必要。民国判例延续中华法系判例传统并具有自身特点,因此,民国判例对构建当代判例制度仍有借鉴意义。     

态度研究的过去、现在和未来

态度研究作为社会心理学的一个重要领域,一直受到人们的关注。发展至八十年代,人们开始以新的视角来看待态度问题,对态度的研究也出现了一系列的进展,产生了许多新的观点和理论,并且这种发展变化将不断持续下去。在态度研究的各方面已经非常丰富的今天,本文旨在对态度研究的过去,将现在和未来进行一次较为清晰的论述。     

预见性评估的缘起、特征

拉图尔的行动者网络理论是行动研究的理论基础,预见式行动研究是预见性评估的理论基础.预见性评估是一种未来导向的评价,是在评价中贯穿预见式行动研究,其“预见”性体现在:预先对评价体系进行评价:预测教育活动对受教育者的影响,预防不良影响；科学预设让评价对象达到的目标；引导评价对象选择最适合自身发展的未来途径.预见性评估还具有发展性、引导性,调整性等属性.     

中日两国父母教养态度与儿童孤独感的关系

以448名中日两国小学4-6年级儿童为研究对象,采用Asher等人研制的儿童孤独感量表、日本田研式精神健康诊断调查表和亲子关系检查量表考察了中日两国父母的教养态度及其与儿童孤独感的关系.结果显示,中日两国父母的"期待"、"严格·干涉"和"不安·溺爱"教养态度存在显著差异.两国男生与女生在"严格·干涉"和"期待"两种教养态度上存在显著差异.两国四年级与五、六年级学生在"严格·干涉"、"期待"和"不安·溺爱"教养态度方面存在显著差异.中国父母的"严格·干涉"、"期待"教养态度与儿童孤独感呈显著正相关.日本父母的教养态度和儿童孤独感呈显著正负相关.     

试析民国时期律师的消极诉讼义务

<正> 民国时期有关律师的立法屡屡规定,律师不得以主动、积极的态度执行职务;即使是在法律允许的职责范围内,也必须以消极、被动的态度履行职责,否则要受到惩处。这种规定,既表明立法者对于法治原则的基本态度,也反映了历史传统对于民国法律制度的深重影响。     

是“本土化”问题还是“主体性”问题?——兼谈“民国机制”与中国现代文学研究

近年来,在反思"全球化"理论的过程中,"本土化"问题的提出确实带给了我们重新认识现代文学自身的机会。但是,由于"本土化"理论模式"化"他者理论为己用的先天缺乏研究者"主体性"的缺陷,使得"本土化"理论在面对什么是新文学真正的中国特质这样根本性的问题时显得乏力,而"民国文学机制"问题的提出,刚好弥补了"本土化"理论的缺陷,以突出历史情境为切入口,强调研究者的"主体性",为塑造中国自己的文学研究思维打开了一扇窗。     

城乡多维互动改革与发展法制研究——以财税法制研究为视角

统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区是化解二元结构的改革与发展的系统性试验工程,此举已然跨越了基层乡镇后农业税时代的财税桎梏,以期籍社会主义市场经济的制度创新、拼缝与叠加优势推动城乡统筹发展,使后农业税时代的乡镇财政困局在一个厚实而宏大的背景中实现城乡社会结构功能耦合的稳态社会目标。践行此目标无疑应是多维度透视城乡分隔渐行渐远的脉络与因果,进而"破门拆墙"拉近城乡距离,并依赖财税法制变革的管径,运用社会主义制度内在的积极再干预理念和社会结构理论的内生动力,推动城乡多维统筹互动发展,而不是无视历史沉疴单向度地推行经济或财税或户籍等制度变革。     

比较法方法之辨析

比较法研究中,根据研究目的裁减研究对象的现象很突出,不利于深入了解比较对象.比较法中的功能比较和文化比较两种基本方法都有其弱点:功能比较易于流入形式化,文化比较则容易陷入对象的迷阵中.本文指出必须取长补短,采取一种"整体现下的目的性",统率功能比较和文化比较,以一种有选择、有重点同时又兼顾大局的态度进行比较法研究.     

南京民国城市空间段落的振兴——以城市有机集中发展理论为视角

城市历史空间段落作为城市空间的重要组成单元承载着"文化贮存、文化传播和交流、文化创造和发展"的功能。南京民国建筑与街区脱胎于带有分散主义倾向的《首都计划》,但是它们并没有成为现代城市集中发展的阻碍,而是以有机疏散的空间角色推动城市的有机集中发展,并承担着延续和发展城市文化的双重任务。地方政府应采取更加有效的措施,使它们逐渐成为一个振兴城市历史文化的有机整体,更加系统地推动南京城市的有机集中发展。     

Punishing the Awkward, the Stupid, the Weak, and the Selfish: The Culpability of Negligence

Negligence is a problematic basis for being morally blamed and punished for having caused some harm, because in such cases there is no choice to cause or allow—or risk causing or allowing—such harm to occur. The standard theories as to why inadvertent risk creation can be blameworthy despite the lack of culpable choice are that in such cases there is blame for: (1) an unexercised capacity to have adverted to the risk; (2) a defect in character explaining why one did not advert to the risk; (3) culpably acquiring or failing to rid oneself of these defects of character at some earlier time; (4) flawed use of those practical reasoning capacities that make one the person one is; or (5) chosen violation of per se rules about known precautions. Although each of these five theories can justify blame in some cases of negligence, none can justify blame in all cases intuitively thought to be cases of negligence, nor can any of these five theories show why inadvertent creation of an unreasonable risk, pure and simple, can be blameworthy.     

The Dead, the Law, and the Politics of the Past

This article explores the role of law in cultural and political disputes concerning dead bodies. It uses three interconnecting legal frameworks: cultural and moral ownership, commemoration, and closure. It begins with a critique of the limitations of the private law notion of 'ownership' in such contexts, setting out a broader notion of cultural and moral ownership as more appropriate for analysing legal disputes between states and indigenous tribes. It then examines how legal discourses concerning freedom of expression, religious and political traditions, and human rights and equality are utilized to regulate the public memory of the dead. Finally, it looks at the relationship between law and notions of closure in contexts where the dead have either died in battle or have been 'disappeared' during a conflict, arguing that law in such contexts goes beyond the traditional retributive focus of investigation and punishment of wrongdoers and instead centres on broader concerns of societal and personal healing.     

Diversity,identity, and the indeterminacy of the size of nations

Recently economists have explored the impact of ethnic and social diversity on nation size and on the relative efficacy of the production of private and public goods. In a neoclassical framework with perfect and complete information, diversity increases the costs of government, and both the size of government and of the nation are limited. The paper proposes an alternative evolutionary framework building on the economics of identity. With imperfect and incomplete information, the relation between nation size and diversity is indeterminate, because heterogeneity plays an important role for the coordination among actors, and because political organization is crucial for the endogenous formation of preferences.      

PTSD,Endophenotypes, the RDoC,and the DSM-5

The search for endophenotypes that stand between genetics and disease has been applied to the diagnostic entity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Advances are being made in understanding the pathway to disorder in PTSD in terms of brain regions, neuronal networks, stress-related systems (e.g., the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis), and their underlying genetic and neurogenetic bases. The latter are affected by gene–environmental interactions and epigenetic effects, and the environment and context reciprocally interrelate with them, as well. Therefore, a primary focus on (neuro)pathophysiological intermediates in the disease pathway, as appears emphasized in the research domain criteria (RDoC) approach to etiology of psychiatric disorder, and to which the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) subscribes, might detract from a more inclusive biopsychosocial approach that would be more applicable in the case of PTSD. The paper undertakes a comprehensive review of the recent literature in the areas of endophenotypes, neurogenetics, epigenetics, neural networks, HPA axis, neuronal networks, pathways, the PTSD five-factor model, allostasis, and the RDoC criteria for psychiatric diagnosis, and then returns to the topic of endophenotypes. Neuronal networks constitute one integrating area that could help in arriving at an appropriate model of PTSD endophenotype. Pathway analysis provides a rich field for discerning individual differences in PTSD development, more so than the static approach of using DSM-5 symptom criteria. A model of endophenotypes is presented, which considers these factors in relation to PTSD. The paper concludes with implications for the DSM-5, for practice and for court, especially that it would be premature to seek individual biomarkers of PTSD given the current state of knowledge, even if it is burgeoning.