国际经济法的宪政进路

国际经济法的宪政进路是一个极具法律理论品格和法律哲学魅力的独特的国际经济法理论进路 ,其学术源流、逻辑体系和理论意义均有梳理之价值。一、国际经济法宪政进路的学术源流就学术渊源而言 ,国际经济法的宪政进路可以上溯到近代的古典自由主义的政治、道德、经济、社会和法律理论。不过 ,早期思想家更多强调国际经济秩序是各国自由贸易和民主宪政的自然结果 ,而很少专门论述国际经济秩序和国际经济法理 ,后来的国际经济关系学者则似乎遗忘了这种自由主义宪政传统。最早把宪法思维引入国际经济法之中的是杰克逊教授。在其被喻为“GATT圣…     

经济全球化视角下国际经济法的新发展

国际经济法是调整自然人、法人、国家和国际经济组织在国际经济交往中所形成的各种关系的国内法规范和国际法规范的总称。本文从国际经济法的这一含义入手,从国际经济组织这个主体法律权利方面分析了经济全球化视角下的国际经济法的新发展。     

经济法的现代私法属性研究

法学界对经济法的法域属性的认定颇有争论,主要表现为公法属性和第三法域（社会法）之争。经济法是一个新兴的法律部门,对经济法的研究应作出突破传统思维模式的有益探索。尝试对经济法从单一视角转向跨时空法域的研究,对经济法的本质作新层次的解析,将能对经济法的法域属性作出科学的定位。     

市场经济条件下经济法与行政法的关系

经济法和行政法的关系问题是法学理论研究中较为复杂的问题之一。经济法与行政法密不可分,二者作为推动市场经济发展的重要法律,应当摒弃传统部门法的“地盘”之争。     

WTO规则与我国经济法调整对象的再思考

本文依据WTO规则和我国经济法的实践 ,运用比较法、法律经济学、国际经济法和国际经济法的理论和研究方法 ,论证WTO规则的政府性、经济性、协调性特点 ,对我国经济法调整对象的特点进行了比较分析 ,并指出我国经济法调整对象与WTO规则调整对象的不一致性。在此基础上 ,结合我国经济法调整对象的政府性、经济性、协调性特点 ,围绕我国经济法与WTO规则的一致性规律 ,提出了我国经济法调整对象的创新法律思路     

试论国际经济法的学科界定及其基本原则

广义国际经济法学说从对某一类社会关系进行共同调整的角度出发,将不同性质的法律规范杂揉成一个学科进行调整,其症结在于混淆了“法学分科”与“法律运用”这两个不同层面的法律问题,用法律运用的综合性替代了法学分科的严整性。本文将国际经济法重新界定为“调整经济管制关系的国际法规范”,并从新的视角对国际经济法的基本原则进行了梳理,以此佐证国际经济法的学科界定。     

也谈国际经济法的调整对象——从市场与政府的双重失灵的角度分析

本文首先通过分析国际经济法与经济法主要学说的相似之处,总结出经济法律的目的与功能——克服政府与市场的双重失灵;再通过借鉴国内经济法的＂三三理论＂的研究方法,归纳出国际经济法的调整对象——国际经济调节关系。     

论民族法律文化视角下“法律多元”的含义与现状

在民族法律文化及少数民族习惯法研究者的学术话语当中,“法律多元”是一个常用的词汇,它通常被用以描述各族习惯法与国家法多元并存的法律现实状况。值得注意的是,“法律多元”本身并不是一个具有统一和明确含义的概念,在当代中国国家法制统一的背景之下,对“法律多元”的使用尤需慎重。当借助“法律多元”的理论对多重法律体系的状况进行描述时,应当根据特定的语境和视角,对“多元”的含义加以必要的说明。立足于少数民族法律文化研究的视角,语境化地对我国“法律多元”的含义以及现实状况进行描述和分析时,亦应如此。     

WTO规则与我国经济法调整对象的再思考

本文依据WTO规则和我国经济法的实践,运用比较法、法律经济学、国际经济法和国际经济法的理论和研究方法,论证WTO规则的政府性、经济性、协调性特点,对我国经济法调整对象的特点进行了比较分析,并指出我国经济法调整对象与WTO规则调整对象的不一致性.在此基础上,结合我国经济法调整对象的政府性、经济性、协调性特点,围绕我国经济法与WTO规则的一致性规律,提出了我国经济法调整对象的创新法律思路.     

论国际经济法的概念——以法律部门和法学学科的划分为视角

法律部门与法学部门的非对应性往往被众多学者所忽略,致使在诠释某些法学概念时造成混乱,尤其在国际经济法这个新兴概念上,最终必然导致概念层面上的循环论证,实际问题却没有得到很好的解决。"国际经济法"这个概念应该包括两个方面:一是法律部门意义上的国际经济法,二是法学学科意义上的国际经济法。只有在明确了这两层含义后,讨论国际经济法的概念才有意义。从法律部门的意义上讲,并不存在真正的国际经济法,即有关于调整国际经济关系的法律规范应归入国际公法和国际私法的范畴,不构成独立的部门法,;从法学学科的意义上讲,国际经济法学对国际经济关系有其独特视角和现实意义,应成为独立的法学学科,与国际公法学、国际私法学并行。     

Pluralism and Integrity

One of the theoretical developments associated with the law of the European Union has been the flourishing of legal and constitutional theories that extol the virtues of pluralism. Pluralism in constitutional theory is offered in particular as a novel argument for the denial of unity within a framework of constitutional government. This paper argues that pluralism fails to respect the value of integrity. It also shows that at least one pluralist theory seeks to overcome the incoherence of pluralism by implicitly endorsing monism. The integrity and coherence of European law is best preserved by considering that both the national legal order and the international or European legal orders adopt sophisticated views of their own limits.     

国际经济行政法基本原则：平等保护与正当程序

国际经济行政法是调整跨国经济行政关系的国际、国内公法规范与原则的总和,换言之,国际经济行政法是政府规制市场的国际协调法。权利平等保护原则与正当程序原则分别从实体和程序两方面体现了国际经济行政法中的公平正义价值。从法理基础看,这两项原则既是理性精神的反映,也是市场经济发展和全球化趋势的必然要求,以及长期法律实践的结果,它对国际经济行政法领域提出了全新的标准。从实在法角度考察权利平等保护原则与正当程序原则在国际经济行政法领域的具体体现主要有国民待遇、最惠国待遇原则及反补贴制度,WTO对国内程序法的要求及WTO争端解决机制等。需要进一步完善这些制度,旨在从形式的平等过渡到实质的平等,建立平等互利基础上的国际经济法治与宪政规则。     

The Frontiers of Legal Analysis: Reframing the Transition in Northern Ireland

British constitutional legal discourse is structurally limited in its capacity to capture the complexity of the Good Friday Agreement. Rather than assessing the Agreement in narrow devolutionary terms, it should be seen as a hybrid domestic and international law instrument, making an important contribution to accepted international law norms in relation to self-determination. The Agreement transforms and partly transcends the Northern Ireland conflict by substituting political contestation for violent conflict, and by defining the modalities of conducting that contestation. This analysis complements classical international law perspectives, and opens up the application of legal discourses associated with 'transitional justice' to the legal and political transformation in Northern Ireland. These discourses focus on the problem of reconciling the demands of peace with the imperatives of justice. The Agreement sits squarely in this terrain with its provisions on 'dealing with the past' and 'institutional legacies'. The insights gained here challenge orthodox thinking about conflict-management and the ongoing political process.     

A Typological Reading of Prevailing Legal Theories

A classic debate in the history of philosophy is that between rationalists and empiricists concerning the “true” source of human knowledge. In legal philosophy this debate has been reflected in the classic opposition between natural law and legal positivist perspectives. Even the currently predominant inclusivist perspectives on the nature of law, such as inclusive legal positivism and inclusive legal non‐positivism, are not immune to such a dichotomy. In this paper I attempt to present an understanding of specific cognitive characteristics of prevailing legal theories from the perspective of the theory of psychological types as developed by Carl G. Jung.     

论受教育权的可诉性及其程度

受教育权的可诉性及其程度受到两个层次的理论和实践的深刻影响,一是国际法关于自由权和社会权的划分,二是国内法关于宪法权利和法律权利的区分。受教育权作为宪法权利,在自由权层面及形式平等方面具有直接的法律效力,具有可诉性;但在社会权层面,只有义务教育阶段的入学升学权和免费就学权具有可诉性。受教育权作为法律权利,其可诉性程度大大提高。平等主体之间的受教育权纠纷可由双方提起民事诉讼予以解决;但行政相对人向行政主体提起的行政诉讼则同样受到被侵害的受教育权性质的影响。     

An Empowerment Theory of Legal Norms*

Abstract. Traditionally legal theorists, whenever engaged in controversy, have agreed on one point: legal norms are par excellence rules which impose obligations. The author examines this assumption, which from another perspective (that of constitutional law, for instance) appears less obvious. In fact, constitutional rules are commoniy empowering norms, norms which do not create duties but powers. To this objection many theorists would reply that empowering rules are incomplete and that they are to be understood as parts of duty-creating rules. A different position from this traditional stance is that defended in Kelsen's later writings, according to which the fundamental type of norm is the empowering norm. The author discusses Kelsen's three theories on the “ideal form” or structure of the legal norm, with special attention to the third of these, the empowerment theory.     

The Law of Nations in The Federalist Papers

This article explores the influence of prevailing legal and political theories of inter-state relations on the formation of early American constitutional thought. Emphasis is placed on the manner in which the authors of The Federalist Papers built a legal argument against the Articles of Confederation and for the Constitution of 1786 by invoking principles of treaty law and the law of nations. It is argued that the Articles themselves resembled contemporary international treaties in format and in force. The Federalist's reliance upon such authors as Grotius, Locke, Montesquieu, and Vattel is examined in this light.     

REALIZING THE RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT THROUGH JUDICIAL REFORM: THE STRATEGIC CONNECTION AND PRACTICAL INTEGRATION

The birth of the right to development (RTD) shifted the paradigm of international discourse from need, charity, and aid towards human rights, shared responsibilities, and cooperation. The implementation of RTD requires effective development policies at the national level, and equitable economic relations and a favorable economic environment at the international level. From the new theory perspective, RTD is a type of integrated human rights, charazterized by integration feature and process-oriented approach, by the method of dialogue, in order to achieve the idea of equilibrium. It would be ideal to overcome the dilemma of implementing RTD based on overall strategic framework and improve the legal and judicial reform in the context of globalization. However, for the developing countries that have been struggling to change the unequal international political and economic order, it is the core driving force of realizing RTD in the process of deepening dialogue and negotiations, which is reflected in the process of legal and judicial reform. Therefore, it is necessary for us to change the strategy from legislative base to judicial focus, from one-way path to plural view, exploring the possibility of new model to realize the RTD in the context of comprehensive judicial reform.     

Remarks on the Normativity of International Legal Rules and Global Constitutionalism

The article reflects on the possibility of conceptualising the complex problem of the normativity of international legal rules, including in particular the phenomenon of “relative normativity.” The author utilises the critical potential of Ronald Dworkin's proposal for a new philosophy of international law to reflect on the classical accounts explaining normativity of international law. By building on Dworkin's argument, the author argues for a constitutional account of international law. The far‐reaching constitutional proposals may provide a more complex and coherent set of possible rationalisations of international legal rules. International law is in great need of a comprehensive theory that could better explain its normative character as well as its sources, and it is argued that international constitutionalism has the potential to serve this purpose.     

古代印度法的主要内容与特征——以《摩奴法论》为视角

古代印度法是世界主要法律传统之一。它包含着丰富的理念和制度，并在整体上形成了不同于其他古代法的鲜明特征。它在宗教和政治的关系上，表现为宗教之法；在不同种姓的关系上，表现为婆罗门之法；在学理与制度的关系上，表现为学说之法；在不同教派、行业与地域的关系上，表现为多元之法。深入研究这一法律文明，不仅可以拓展比较法的视野，而且有助于借鉴其中的有益资源。