Entrepreneurship and innovation: public policy frameworks

The purpose of this paper is to identify and unravel the disparate views toward innovation prevalent within the economic community and to link them to the various public policy approaches. These various schools of thought, or ways of thinking about the economy in general and the role of entrepreneurship and innovation in particular, not only shape how innovation and entrepreneurial activity are valued, but also the overall policy debate concerning innovation and entrepreneurship. Unraveling of these views highlights the disparate way in which entrepreneurial activity leading to innovation is valued.     

Universities and the success of entrepreneurial ventures: evidence from the small business innovation research program

There has been little direct, systematic empirical analysis of the role that universities play in enhancing the success of entrepreneurial ventures. We attempt to fill this gap by analyzing data from the US SBIR program, a ??set-aside?? program that requires key federal agencies (e.g., Department of Defense) to allocate 2.5% of their research budget to small firms that attempt to commercialize new technologies. Based on estimation of Tobit and negative binomial regressions of the determinants of commercial success, we find that start-ups with closer ties to universities achieve higher levels of performance.     

The role of law in public health preparedness: opportunities and challenges

We report the results of a study designed to assess and evaluate how the law shapes the public health system's preparedness activities. Based on 144 qualitative interviews conducted in nine states, we used a model that compared the objective legal environment with how practitioners perceived the laws. Most local public health and emergency management professionals relied on what they perceived the legal environment to be rather than on an adequate understanding of the objective legal requirements. Major reasons for the gap include the lack of legal training for local practitioners and the difficulty of obtaining clarification and consistent legal advice regarding public health preparedness. Narrowing the gap would most likely improve preparedness outcomes. We conclude that there are serious deficiencies in legal preparedness that can undermine effective responses to public health emergencies. Correcting the lack of legal knowledge, coupled with eliminating delays in resolving legal issues and questions during public health emergencies, could have measurable consequences on reducing morbidity and mortality.     

Glocal targeted open innovation: challenges,opportunities and implications for theory,policy and practice

In line with the growing number and type of innovation sources and partners, companies’ institutional set up to manage the potential problems of multiple sources and partners for innovation is increasingly challenged to develop and maintain effective and efficient corporate innovation activities. The paper highlights recent developments of open innovation in companies. Findings are based on company case studies involving companies from different industries and company representatives. It shows that open innovation is actually a paradigm long practised but the main efforts are targeted to continuously developing the organization and managerial model of companies to meet the new innovation challenges.     

Environmental dynamism and cooperative innovation: the moderating role of state ownership and institutional development

The Journal of Technology Transfer - Taking a strategic fit perspective, we investigate the relationships between task environment (environmental dynamism), institutional environment (state...     

University-SME collaboration and innovation performance: the role of informal relationships and absorptive capacity

The Journal of Technology Transfer - This work analyzes the impact of university–industry collaborations (UICs) on the innovation performance of a sample of small and medium enterprises...     

论制度创新中政府主导型角色

我国正处于社会大转型时期,政治经济体制改革不断深入。在制度建设方面,旧的制度不断退出历史舞台,新的制度不断涌现,发挥作用,推动社会进步。在制度创新的过程中,政府的作用举足轻重。全面认识政府在制度创新中的利弊,对于推动制度创新提高制度的有效性,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义,。     

The entrepreneurial puzzle: explaining the gender gap

We document the substantial gender gap that exists among university scientists with regard to entrepreneurial activity using a variety of measures and explore factors leading to the disparity. We focus particularly on the biomedical sciences. The contextual explanation that women are under-represented in the types of positions from which faculty typically launch entrepreneurial activity is the most obvious. But the data suggest that for the biomedical sciences context is not sufficient in explaining the entrepreneurial gap. We look elsewhere to factors affecting supply and factors affecting demand. The former include gender differences in attitudes towards risk, competition, “selling” of “science,” type of research and geographic location. The latter include the role of networks, preferences of venture capitalists and “gender discounting.” We explore the associated hypotheses. We provide few tests and conclude that the research agenda is wide open and interesting.

Correction to: Environmental dynamism and cooperative innovation: the moderating role of state ownership and institutional development

The Journal of Technology Transfer - The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The spelling of the co-author name Wenjia Guo was incorrect. The original article has...     

Social capital and innovation in a life science cluster: the role of proximity and family involvement

The Journal of Technology Transfer - This paper investigates the effect of different typologies of a firm’s relationships on innovation performance. Existing literature tends to emphasise the...     

Technology commercialization in entrepreneurial universities: the US and Russian experience

US universities are leading the way in technology commercialization, while universities in Russia lag far behind. This paper discusses the best American practices, as well as the main issues of technology commercialization at the US universities. As an example, we consider the experience of the University of Maryland, College Park. In the next section, we turn to technology commercialization in Russia, where it struggles for several reasons. In this paper, we propose that Russia can improve its technology commercialization by studying the example of the leading US entrepreneurial universities and implementing proper procedures. And the important overarching point is that Russian universities need to improve their collaboration with industry, and they need to develop new standards of administrative, research, and business activity that will promote innovation and entrepreneurship.     

创业教育、家庭创业资源和创业教育质量的关系——基于浙江高校的实证研究

通过构建涵盖创业教育内容、创业环境感知、个体知识与技能、家庭创业资源与创业教育评价变量之间关系的理论模型,运用结构方程模型对浙江102所高校的16210份有效问卷进行实证分析和检验,结果显示:创业教育的内容直接显著正向影响创业教育评价;创业环境感知正向中介了创业教育内容、创业教育评价;个体知识与技能正向调节了创业教育内容与创业教育评价;家庭创业资源分别调节了创业环境感知与创业教育评价、创业教育内容与创业环境感知,但是在创业教育内容与创业教育评价之间存在调节作用不显著。性别、学科、专业、家庭背景、创业活动经历在创业教育行为上存在显著差异。据此提出如下建议:优化创业教育的内容选择,构建分层分类的创业教育学习框架;创设鼓励创新创业的校内环境;营造自由、开放、容忍失败的创业文化氛围;构建面向不同能力结构维度学生群体的立体式创业教育系统;培养具有创业文化资本的潜力学生,发挥优秀学生的核心节点效应。     

Inter-firm inventor mobility and the role of co-inventor networks in producing high-impact innovation

The Journal of Technology Transfer - Inter-firm mobility of inventors is a major source of embodied knowledge transfer and receiving firms enjoy additional benefits from the collaboration networks...     

Emotional skills for entrepreneurial success: the promise of entrepreneurship education and policy

The Journal of Technology Transfer - Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship policies have a common goal—to spur entrepreneurial activity and its impact on individuals, organizations,...     

Closing the distance between academia and market: experimentation and user entrepreneurial processes

We inductively examine how exceptional Principal Investigators (PIs), who are active in biotechnology, medical devices, and nanotechnology, affect new technology trajectories and shape market boundaries by leveraging synergies stemming from their being simultaneously a scientist and a (lead) user. Our central contribution is the scientist-user template that explores how these types of PIs perform successfully their technology transfer task and, consequently, address increasing expectations about PIs as agents of economic and societal development. Building upon five illustrative case histories, we propose that scientist-user PIs exhibit superior capabilities in turning generic technology into several selected market applications, with no negative effects on their academic role. Overall, we develop a holistic view of synergies stemming from the scientist and user sides and offer insights into academic entrepreneurship and research project management.     

The role of proximity in university-business cooperation for innovation

The potential for universities to contribute positively to business innovation has received much attention in recent years. While the determinants of university-business cooperation have been examined extensively, less attention has been given to the mediating influence of proximity in this relationship. The analysis in this paper builds on the UK business innovation survey (2002–2005) by incorporating measures of the university research environment for each of the 16,500 businesses surveyed. These measures allow us to look beyond business-level characteristics as determinants of the geography of university cooperation and account for the character of the local university environment. Measures include the distance from each business to its nearest university, the quality of local university research and the density of the university research environment. The findings suggest that significant differences exist between those businesses that cooperate with local universities and those that cooperate with non-local universities. These differences relate to business size, sales profile, location, absorptive capacity and innovation activity. In addition, we also find that if a business is located close to a research excellent university, cooperation tends to remain local, however, the distance between businesses and the nearest university is not a significant determinant of university-business cooperation and further, the higher the concentration of universities in the business locale, the more likely businesses are to cooperate with non-local universities.