Understanding resource nationalism: economic dynamics and political institutions

Resource nationalism is on the rise around the globe. During the recent global resource boom, many governments have adopted nationalistic policies to maximise the political and economic benefits from their mining and energy sectors. Existing theories of resource nationalism rely upon economistic bargaining models, which fail to interrogate how political processes shape governments’ resource policy strategies. This article extends and develops these bargaining models by theorising the role of political institutions – specifically those found in rentier, developing and liberal market economies – in determining patterns of resource nationalism. A survey of 12 major resource-producing countries reveals that contemporary resource nationalism takes a range of distinct forms, which are connected to differences in political institutions that structure the objectives and policies of governments. It is therefore argued that while economic dynamics function as an enabling factor, political institutions are an equally important conditioning factor shaping the distinctive forms of resource nationalism observed today.     

The Euromaidan and the crisis of Russian nationalism

This article examines the reverberations in Russia of the Euromaidan protests and the fall of the Yanukovych regime in Ukraine. It shows how the events in Kyiv provoked a major crisis in the Russian nationalist movement, which was riven by vituperative denunciations, the ostracism of prominent activists, the breakdown of friendships, the rupture of alliances, and schisms within organizations. Focusing on pro-Kremlin nationalists and several tendencies of opposition nationalists, it argues that this turmoil was shaped by three factors. First, the Euromaidan provoked clashes between pro-Kremlin nationalists, who became standard-bearers of official anti-Euromaidan propaganda, and anti-Putin nationalists, who extolled the Euromaidan as a model for a revolution in Russia itself. Second, the events in Ukraine provoked ideological contention around issues of particular sensitivity to Russian nationalists, such as the competing claims of imperialism and ethnic homogeneity, and of Soviet nationalism and Russian traditionalism. And third, many nationalists were unprepared for the pace of events, which shifted rapidly from an anti-oligarchic uprising in Kyiv to a push for the self-determination of ethnic Russians in Crimean and southeast Ukraine. As a result, they were left in the uncomfortable position of appearing to collaborate with the oppressors of their compatriots.     

The Bosnian Muslims and Albanians: Islam and nationalism

Andrew Ezergailis, The Latvian Impact oh The Bolshevik Revolution. The First Phase: September 1917 to April 1918. East European Monographs, no. 144. Boulder, Col.: East European Monographs, 1983. Pp. 432. $30.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Romuald J. Misiunas and Rein Taagepera, The Baltic States — Years of Dependence, 1940–1980. Berkely‐Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1983. Pp. 333. $27.50.

Orest Subtelny, The Mazepists: Ukrainian Separatism in the Early Eighteenth Century. East European Monographs, no. 87. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. 280. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Bohdan Krawchenko, ed. Ukraine after Shelest. Edomonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, 1983. Pp. 119. Paper.

Andrei S. Markovits and Frank E. Sysyn, eds. Nationbuilding and the Politics of Nationalism: Essays on Austrian Galicia. Cambridge: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, distributed by Harvard University Press, 1982. Pp. 343.

Linda Gordon, Cossack Rebellions: Social Turmoil in the Sixteenth‐Century Ukraine. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983. Pp. xiv, 289. $39.50. Maps. Illustrations.

Mykola Horbal. Detail pischanoho hodynnyka: Poemy i pisni. New York: Sucas‐nist, 1983. Pp. 398.

Bohdan Boychuk, Virshi, vybrani i peredostanni. New York: Sucasnist, 1983. Pp. 189.

Zapisy. Volume 17. (Byelorussian Institute of Arts and Sciences), New York, 1983. Pp. 248.

Jack Nusan Porter, Jewish Partisans: A Documentary of Jewish Resistance in the Soviet Union during World War II. 2 vols. Washington University Press of America, 1982. $12.75 each. Paper.

Jack Nusan Porter, The Jew as Outsider: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, Collected Essays, 1974–1980, Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1982. Pp. 232. $10.50, pap.

Anthony Arnold, Afghanistan's Two‐party Communism. Parcham and Khalq. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1983. Pp. xviii, 242. $10.00.

Gregory Guroff and Fred V. Carstensen, eds. Entrepreneurship in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983. Pp. 372. $40.00, cloth; $12.95, paper.

Mikhail Agursky, Sovetskii Golem. London: Overseas Publications Interchange Ltd., 1983. Pp. 73.

Mark R. Elliott, Pawns of Yalta: Soviet Refugees and America's Role in Their Repatriation. Urbaha, Chicago, London: University of Illinois Press, 1982. Pp. 287. $17.95.

Richard Georg Plashka and Karlheinz Mack, Wegenetz Europaischen Geistes: Wissenschaftszentren und geistige Wechselbeziehungen zwschen Mittel ‐und Siidosteuropa vom Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg. Vienna: Verlag fur Geschichte and Politik, 1983. Pp. 498. O.Sh. 580.

Roland Breton, Lob der Verschiedenheit: Die Ethnie — Volk und Volksgruppe in der Gesellschaft der Gegenwart. Trans, from the French by Liesl Ehrlich and Erna Appels. Vienna: Wilhelm Braumuller Universitats‐Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1981. Pp. 100.

S.R. Williamson and Peter Pastor, eds. Essays on World War I: Origins and Prisoners of War. New York: Social Science Monographs, Brooklyn College Press, Distributed by Columbia University Press, New York, 1983. Pp. i‐xvii, 3–164.

John R. Lampe and Marvin R. Jackson, Balkan Economic History, from 1550–1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1982. Pp. xviii, 728. $37.50.

Norman Davies, Cod's Playground — A History of Poland. 2 vols. Vol. 1: The Origins to 1795; Vol. II: 1795 to the Present. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982. $30.00 set. Paper.

Roman Szporluk, The Political Thought of Thomas G. Masaryk. East European Monographs, no. 85. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. VII, 244. $17.50. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Prokop Drtina, ?eskoslovensko muj osud. Kniha ?ivota ?eského demokrata 20. století. 2 Vols. in 4 books. Toronto: Sixty‐Eight Publishers, Corp., 1982. Pp. 719. $28.00.

Wolf Oschlies, Rumäniens Jugend— Rumäniens Hoffnung. [Jugend in Osteuropa, Band 3]. Köln/Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 1983. Pp. 271 +xii. DM 48.

Z. J. Kosztolnyik, Five Eleventh‐Century Hungarian Kings: Their Policies and Their Relations with Rome. East European Monographs, no. 79. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1981. Pp. 288. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Jon V. Kofas, Authoritarianism in Greece: The Metaxas Regime. East European Monographs, no. 133. Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1983. Pp. 192. $20.00. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Andrew L. Zapantis, Greek‐Soviet Relations, 1917–1941. East European Monographs, no. 111. Boulder, CO: 1982. Pp. 635. Distributed by Columbia University Press.

Kitty Weaver, Russia's Future: The Communist Education of Soviet Youth. New York: Praeger, 1981. Pp. 228. $21.95.

Donald Quataert, Social Disintegration and Popular Resistance in the Ottoman Empire, 1881–1908. Reactions to European Economic Penetration. New York University Studies in Near Eastern Civilization, No. 9. New York and London: New York University Press, 1983. Pp. xxii, 2.05. Tables. $35.00.

Joseph Chada, The Czechs in the United States. SVU Press, 1981. Pp. 234.     

Two variants of the Russian radical right: Imperial and social nationalism

The text combines three lines of discussion. First, on the empirical level two Russian political parties – the CPRF and the LDPR – are characterized with regard to their specific profiles of right-wing radicalism. Second, these profiles are attributed to specific variations of the interpretation of the Russian past. Third, the empirical findings are traced for insights into the Leninist legacy concept. The main hypothesis on the empirical level is that Russian ultra-nationalist actors refer to different currents of a common national imagination in order to combine nationalist ideological elements with other programmatic features. On the conceptual level, the legacy concept is able to render systematic insights not into the history of a given state but into varying interpretations of what can be seen as ‘usable pasts’ from the perspective of various intellectual entrepreneurs.     

Modernist nationalism: statism and national identity in Turkey

The year 1989 marked a turning point for the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). But unlike other places in the region, that year saw a turn towards growing political conflict which soon led to violent warfare. This paper identifies and discusses three processes that led to this outcome. The first process was the impetus towards reform of the Yugoslav federal state, its political and economic system. The second was the conflict over the future of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Savez komunista Jugoslavije – SKJ). The third was the shifting meanings of ethnic and nonethnic labels and the ways in which putative “national” and “ethnic” interests came to be aligned with specific political options. By the end of 1989 these three processes had come together to spell the end of the SKJ, of the SFRY, and of “Yugoslavism” as a political identity. In their places, ruling parties threatened by changes within their own societies, as well as by pressures created by the 1989 revolutions in the region, resorted to strategies of conflict and violence in an attempt to forestall the kinds of changes and elite turnovers seen in other socialist countries.     

Flagging Turkishness: the reproduction of banal nationalism in the Turkish press

This article explores banal nationalist themes and symbols in the Turkish media on the basis of the study by Michael Billig titled “Banal Nationalism”. In this study, we used content analysis method to reveal how the key concepts that encompass the idea of the nationhood have been propagated within presentations of the daily news. The research sampling consisted of 36 daily newspapers of the mainstream Turkish media dated 3th February 2010. Our analysis revealed that even in an ordinary day when nationalist themes or developments were not intensely situated in the newspapers, nationhood was reproduced via both nationalist language forms and classifications of “us” and “them”, praise of the nation/country, and the emphasis on common interest or common history. This further highlights the constant transformation of nationalism, underlining its allusions and evocations not as a forgotten ideology but as something that is being reproduced in an unnoticed way every day and survives as a principal determinant of daily life activities. In addition, although it is not possible to see overt dichotomies or expressions of feeling within each part of the news or in every column, we found that the nation was implied or the national sentiments were presented.