If you build it,will they come? School availability and school enrolment in 21 poor countries

Increasing the supply of schools is commonly advocated as a policy to promote schooling outputs and outcomes. Analysis of the relationship between the school enrolment of 6- to 14-year-olds and the distance to primary and secondary schools in 21 rural areas of low-income countries (including some of the poorest countries in Sub-Saharan Africa) suggests that the two are often statistically significantly related. However, the magnitudes of the associations are small: simulating large reductions in distance yields only small increases in average school participation, and only small reductions in within country inequality. There are a number of reasons why this result might hold. Average effects might mask heterogeneity in the impact by initial distance to the nearest school, as well as by economic status; the existing quality of schools might be low and the simulation assumes that this would be the average quality of new schools; and the cross-sectional nature of the data make it hard to rule out that schools might be placed where they are ‘most needed’ which would bias the results towards zero. Sensitivity analysis suggests none of these drive the result: the results suggest that expectations for large overall increases in enrolment as a result of school construction should be tempered. They also suggest areas for more research to guide policy: in particular on the interaction between school quantity and quality; the potential importance of demand side subsidies; and the cost effectiveness of different approaches.     

Women's urban labour market status in developing countries: How well do they fare in Khartoum,Sudan?

This article examines the insertion of women in the formal sector labour market in urban Khartoum, Sudan, in order to explain their inferior employment status in one particular developing country environment. A number of hypotheses are tested drawing upon recent labour market theoretical developments and econometric techniques from the literature which have had limited previous applications in Third World settings, particularly in Africa. Our findings indicate that occupational segregation, rather than pay discrimination, is primarily to blame for observed wage differentials suggesting that well‐intentioned equal pay laws will do little to reduce the earnings gap.     

电车,缆车,渡轮,电梯

山水交错的城市,总有些相像之处。比方说,伊斯坦布尔就经常让我想到香港和里斯本。最近这次到伊斯坦布尔,感觉公共交通比几年前更方便了,轻轨往西延伸到了机场,下飞机后只需花1.3新里拉坐轻     

灾区,村民,未来

对村民而言,地震毁掉的,不只是他们的房屋、土地,还有他们对未来的焦虑。如今,即使手头偶有宽裕的村民,也不敢轻易斥巨资再起新房了。地震后半个月,杨世秀几乎每天都从安置地的帐篷里走出,来到她新翻修的房屋里,转悠着。有时,一呆就是大半天。"哎哟,你房子刚修就垮成这样了?"路过她家门口的村民,有人总会来这么一句。通常,杨只是强忍着笑笑,没接话。偶尔,她也会高声应一句,"没得法子啰。"     

刘宝敬:司炉工,劳模,发明家,痴狂人

刘宝敬是个怪人。他的怪,不仅怪在想的、做的跟别人不一样,还怪在他很执著。刘宝敬的技术发明,迄今已申请了25项专利,称他是个“发明家”当不过分。但这25项专利没有一件能转化为产品。刘宝敬夫妻月收入只有2000元,搞发明他花了不少钱,穷得不但家徒四壁,而且四壁漏风。为了继续     

黑狮,红狮,舞起来

时下,羊城人的业余爱好是多种多样的。在越秀区,就有一群人对舞狮情有独钟。今年的一个星期天,位于起义路尽头的中央公园内,绯红的桃花,乳白的水仙,迎着春风开得正好。在公园一角,应东风街庆元宵书法比赛大会     

“Neoliberalism,Class, Gender and Lesbian,Gay, Bisexual,Transgender and Queer Politics in Poland”

While the growth of visibility of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) political struggles in Poland, and illiberal neo-populist reactions to the queer presence in public space and the public sphere since 2004 has spawned much academic debate, there has been less critical discussion of LGBTQ politics in relation to class and neoliberalism. This article seeks to make two key contributions to understandings of the relationships between gender, sexuality and political economy. The first is recognition of the tensions and contradictions inherent within practices of neoliberalisation. It is suggested that neoliberalism can be both generative and hostile towards LGBTQ politics. Processes of neoliberalisation produce queer winners and losers, and it is suggested that if sexually progressive alternatives to neoliberalism are to be developed, they need to recognise the tensions and contradictions inherent within processes of neoliberalism. In so doing, the class dimensions of neoliberal sexualities need to be made visible and examined critically. Secondly, it is argued that discussions of classed sexualities are often framed within specific national contexts, and thereby fail to recognise the transnational dimensions of classed sexualities. Discussions of the sexual politics of neoliberalism are often grounded in Anglo-American contexts and sometimes fail to recognise how neoliberal sexualities are framed outside of the West. These two key objectives are addressed by an examination of the economic and class dimensions of contemporary LGBTQ political struggles in Poland—specifically the organisation of marches for equality and tolerance within Polish cities since 2001.     

新力量,新价值,新秩序

我们正处在一个重建秩序的时代。秩序从来就没有缺少,它只是需要更新;秩序也从来不会固定,固定了就意味着死亡。所以,我们也许永远都在建立秩序的过程中。即使如此,现在的新一轮重建也有足够的亮点值得我们特别关注。新力量在全面登场,新价值在全面涌现,新秩序在全面建立。“推陈出新”是这个时代的基调,“有破有立”是这个时代的特征。谁是“陈”,谁是“新”,谁被“破”,     

《仪式,政治,权力》

正江苏人民出版社2015年11月版本书是真正意义上第一本关于政治仪式的专著,使用大量,多元化的资料对于仪式和政治之间的关系进行了深入的研究,解释了仪式在政治生活中的关键作用,并探讨了在仪式的政治作用上许多隐藏的普遍原则。作者是美国著名人类史,历史学家,曾获美国国家图书奖。