非洲：无国界医生在行动

2010年9月29～10月1日，本人应邀出席无国界医生（MSF，Medecins Sans Frontieres）瑞士分部在日内瓦召开的小型国际研讨会，主题是“各方对医疗人道行动的理解”。出席者分别来自无国界医生这一国际非政府组织（INGO，Intemational Nongovemmental Organization）散布于世界的19个分部、联合国相关部门、     

Author's reply: Shell in Nigeria: A further contribution

The Essential Gesture: writing, politics and places. Nadine Gordimer, London: Jonathan Cape. 1988. 356pp. £15.00hb

White Writing: on the culture of letters in South Africa. J M Coetzee, New Haven, Connecticut/London: Yale University Press. 1988. 193pp. £14.95hb     

RETRACTED: Institutional relationships in Ukraine: a stable polity?

This article has been retracted at the request of the editors.Reason: This article plagiarizes an article by Oleh Protsyk, ‘Troubled Semi-Presidentialism: Stability of the Constitutional System and Cabinet in Ukraine’ published in Europe-Asia Studies, Volume 55, Number 7, pp.1077–1095 (2003).     

Identity in Transformation: Russian-speakers in Post-Soviet Ukraine

Abstract

This essay examines the transformation of identity of Russian-speakers in independent Ukraine. Based on survey, focus groups and public discourse data, it explores the hierarchy of identities of those people who use predominantly Russian in their everyday lives and the meaning they attach to their perceived belonging to the Ukrainian nation. Although many scholars argued after the breakup of the USSR that Ukraine’s Russian-speakers would form into a community distinguished by its preferred language, the present analysis shows that they have instead been transformed from Soviet people into Ukrainians—and that without drastic changes in their language practice.     

2010年国际形势的特点

2010年的国际形势继续发生着复杂深刻的变化.深刻认识并准确把握国际形势的新变化新特点,不仅有助于我们理解世界潮流和国际格局的未来走向,对于继续抓住和用好中国发展的战略机遇期,推动外交事业的进一步发展也具有十分重要的意义.具体说来,2010年的国际形势呈现出如下特点: 第一,在后然机时代,国际宏观政策协调的难度上升.     

Introduction: Networks in Public Administration

In the introductory article to the special issue on Comparing Networks, the editors discuss the meaning of the concept of networks in relation to other recent conceptual developments in public administration such as (neo)institutional and (neo)managerial analysis. They trace the broadly understood historical development of network analysis back to the late 1960s and early 1970s and highlight some important factors in its development up to the present-day demands placed on public administration by both globalization and decentralization. The result is organizational fragmentation. Network analysis makes it clear that people working in government and administration will have to learn to think of organization as an external, not internal activity. The prospect is that hierarchical control will be replaced by continuing processes of bargaining among interested parties within most fields of public administration.     

Hinduising India: secularism in practice

This paper challenges the academic and media consensus on the notion that India is a secular state. It does so by marshalling empirical evidence that, far from being a state practising neutrality between the religious affiliations of Indian society or equidistance from all religions, the Indian state is actually and directly involved in Hinduisation of the country. It does this by promoting Hinduism through ‘reform’ and favouritism at state expense. While the constitution guarantees educational and cultural autonomy as well as religious freedom, in practice there are widespread and systematic violations by state institutions. In public employment the state follows discriminatory policies to perpetuate the Hindu majority by restricting religious freedom. The discriminatory policies are most visible in affirmative action policies and recruitment in the army. Contrary to some academic writings, the paper establishes that the Hinduisation of the Indian state is not only associated with the votaries of Hindutva represented by a ‘family’, or parivar, of Hindu militant groups. The notion of India as a Hindu state pre-dates the creation of the postcolonial state in 1947, and was inherent in the militant right wing of the Congress Party, which perceived Christians and Muslims as foreigners. There is, the paper demonstrates, major continuity between the educational, cultural and employment policies pursued by the Indian state regardless of the party in power. The paper is based on primary Indian sources and interviews in India and abroad.     

Participation in Transition: Mobilizing Ugandans in Constitution Making

Can participatory programs in transitioning countries increase the involvement of citizens beyond the level expected from individual-level characteristics, such as demographic traits, socioeconomic resources, and civic orientations? To answer this question, I examine the causes of participation in the Ugandan constitution-making process. Statistical analysis of a random sample survey of 820 citizens demonstrates that although individual-level factors play a role, many Ugandans participated because mobilizing agents pulled them into the process. I argue that programs to encourage active and equal participation will be most successful if they supplement weak indigenous institutions of mobilization and help all types of citizens to participate early on in the transition to democracy.     

中国妇女的政治参与:为谁而选举?

妇女参政是推动政治体制改革和发展社会主义民主政治的内在要求。胡锦涛总书记在十七大报告中指出,要重视培养选拔女干部。但是,我国改革开放尤其是1988年广泛实行村组差额选举以来,妇女在村级治理结构中的政治参与水平却不断下降并持续走低。祖德·豪厄尔教授的分析表明,社会实践、经济结构、制度规范、制度程序及政治文化,都对中国妇女的政治参与带来了不利的影响。     

Recent research: The micro-politics of deliberation: Case studies in public participation

The contemporary emphasis on public participation in policy making derives both from concerns to increase the legitimacy of public decision making and to develop more dialogic forms of governance, and from more 'bottom-up' action intended to ensure that the voices of those excluded from policy making are heard. This has resulted in diverse forms of participative practice, including forums in which social movement organizations meet officials, and forums initiated by officials to which 'the public' are invited. This article examines four case studies of participation, studied as part of research conducted in the ESRC Democracy and Participation programme. It focuses on a micro-level analysis of the dynamics of exchanges within such forums to question the capacity of such forums to generate alternative discourses within which policy problems can be defined and addressed.     

Reviews: Teaching Public Administration in the Nordic Countries: A Review Symposium

Books reviewed:
Christopher Hodgkinson, Administrative Philosophy – Values and Motivations in Administrative Life
Paul Heywood, Political Corruption
D. Farnham, S. Horton, J. Barlow and A. Hondeghem, New Public Managers in Europe: Public Servants in Transition
Lawrence D. Longley and Roger H. Davidson, The New Roles of Parliamentary Committees
Kenneth Armstrong and Simon Bulmer, The Governance of the Single European Market
Gerda Falkner, EU Social Policy in the 1990s. Towards a Corporatist Policy Community
Wyn Grant, The Common Agricultural Policy
Robin Means and Randall Smith, Community Care: Policy and Practice
Peter Bogason, PUMA – The Management Service of the OECD     

Professional development leadership in turbulent times: Public administration symposium: Robust politics and governance in turbulent times

Intense turbulence means that parameters change, interdependencies unexpectedly become critical, and public organizations experience unpredictable tempo shifts. Existing studies have explored how public managers can exercise leadership specifically aimed at obtaining dynamic resilience, but more knowledge about leadership and turbulence intensity is needed. Combining existing theoretical knowledge about robust governance in turbulent times and in-depth analysis of 31 interviews, we examine how public managers exercise professional development leadership in situations where events, demands, and support interact in variable, inconsistent, unexpected, and unpredictable ways. We find it highly relevant for public managers to both develop and (de)activate professional norms and knowledge in such situations, implying that professional development leadership is important in turbulent times.