对侵犯著作权罪立法的几点思考

实体法上,侵犯著作权罪的构成要件中“以营利为目的”不必要,以行为人侵犯著作权的违法所得数额作为定罪量刑的主要标准不利于对侵犯著作权犯罪的有效打击。法定刑的设定不够合理。程序法上侵犯著作权罪是否属于亲告罪类型的自诉案件不太明确,文章认为设定成刑法上的亲告罪还不如设定成为刑诉法第170条(三)所规定的可予自诉的案件。     

Death time estimation in case work. II. Integration of different methods

The mean value of the time of death is not reliable because of the great variability of the time-dependent criteria of dead bodies. However, it is possible to narrow down a reliable time period for a stated death by means of the lower and upper limits of error of different criteria. The external data of lividity, rigor, mechanical and electrical excitability of facial muscles and the chemical excitability of the iris have all been gathered from literature, chronologically arranged and clearly presented. After rectal temperature measurement and a corresponding nomogram reading, it is simple to choose other suitable criteria and to integrate them with the aid of a chart thus producing a rational and practical procedure for use at a scene of crime.     

试论我国禁止仿冒原则

禁止仿冒原则源于英美普通法上的欺诈侵权之诉,在英美商标法和反不正当竞争法的发展史上占有重要地位。保护商业标识中的财产利益和消费者不受混淆的公共利益是禁止仿冒原则的正当性基础。禁止仿冒原则的保护范围在司法上不断扩大,已涵盖商业外观保护,但应止于人格特征的盗用。禁止仿冒原则不要求行为人的主观故意,财产利益的商业标识和混淆可能性是仿冒行为成立两大要件。     

尸体脏器中激素含量与死亡时间的关系

目的探讨死亡后脏器中激素含量变化与死亡时间的关系.方法在动物死亡后不同时间内称取肝脏、脾脏组织采用放射免疫的方法,对内皮素、血栓素、皮质醇含量进行了测定。结果动物死亡后3h、6h、24h、36h、72h,内皮素和血栓素含量比0h显著降低(P<0.001);皮质醇含量在死后3h、6h逐渐降低,24h明显升高,尔后降低,变化也呈现一定的趋势。结论死亡后脏器中激素含量随死亡时间的延长而降低。     

社区矫正与社会工作的关系

自2003年以来,社区矫正试点工作在我国广泛开展,初步形成了社区矫正制度.很多省市采纳社会工作专业力量助推社区矫正,取得了明显成效.但是,如何厘清社会工作在社区矫正中的地位和作用,直接关系到社会力量介入社区矫正的方式和效果.本文通过分析社区矫正与社会工作的关系,对社会工作在社区矫正中的定位进行了探讨.     

Congenital determinants of violence

Specialization--the predisposition to violent behavior persisting over an extended period of time--is considered in relation to congenital factors, to determine whether such factors are contributory to this predisposition. Congenital factors include inherited characteristics and perinatal experiences. Evidence for inherited characteristics in criminal behavior is approached through family studies, the study of twins, and adoption studies. Of those three, adoption studies provide the most fertile ground for study. Predisposition toward criminal behavior is noted to be limited to property crime. The second congenital factor is the perinatal experience. Minor physical anomalies appear to be strongly related to hyperactivity and later criminal involvement, but only if the offender was reared in an unstable, nonintact family. Indices of perinatal problems relate to later violent crime, rather than to property crime, and may have as their basis some form of trauma occurring very early in life.     

Empirical analysis of civil litigation determinants: The Case of Spain

This paper analyses the determinants of civil litigation in Spain drawing on the Law and Economics approach. Using a panel data for 50 Spanish provinces, this study makes a first exploratory approach to empirically investigate the effect of the 2000 Civil Procedural Law Reform on the demand for civil justice over the period 1995–2010, controlling for other determinants of litigation such as the economic growth, the expansion of the Bar, the number of judges, and other socio-demographic characteristics. According to the results, the growing number of civil cases filed in Spain in recent years seems to be a consequence of the combination of the law reform, relevant socio-economic factors, and most importantly the economic recession.     

Pre-sale misrepresentations in passing off: an idea whose time has come or unfair competition by the back door?

Legal context. This article addresses the scope of the tortof passing off in English common law. Key points. The scope of passing off has traditionally beenlimited to confusion at the point of sale. Developments in marketpractice and trade mark law may argue in favour of extendingthat scope to cover both pre- and post-sale confusion. However,such an extension raises commonly voiced concerns about theintroduction of a general tort of unfair competition into Englishlaw. This article considers the specific issue of pre-sale confusionand concludes that there is both the need and the scope to bringit within reach of passing off. To do so would not amount tothe introduction of a general tort of unfair competition, butwould be entirely consistent with the rationale which has alwaysbeen the foundation for the tort. Practical significance. The conclusion advocated in this articlewould expand the range of conduct on which passing off claimscould be based and would increase the protection afforded tothe owners of famous brands.     

The reasonable person standard: trading off static and dynamic efficiency

This paper compares the performance of a due care standard which is tailored to individual precaution costs to that of the reasonable person standard. This is done in a framework in which injurers can reduce their precaution costs via investment in progressing care technology. We show that the reasonable person standard may invoke better investment incentives, pointing to a potential trade-off between static and dynamic efficiency.     

中国保险基金的困境及其出路

当前，我国保险业又一次面临着巨大危机和困境，保险资金投资渠道狭窄，投资方式、投资工具单一，难以支持我国保险业全面应对加入WTO后年资保险公司纷至沓来的局面。中国保险基金必须加快和更大规模地进入资本市场，这既是保险业摆脱困境的必然选择和唯一出路，更是中国金融市场体系得以完善的必然要求和客观规律。中国证券市场、特别是股票市场当前还存在严重缺陷，保险基金大规模贸然入市风险很大。中国保险基金进入资本市场的途径主要有：成立各种形式的投资基金，大规模增加购买企业债券，提高购买金融债券和国债的比重等。     

浅述检察工作保障司法公正的作用

党的十六大报告提出,“社会主义司法制度必须保障在全社会实现公平和正义”。公平和正义历来是司法机关的灵魂和生命,也是司法工作的价值取向和追求目标,但长期以来不管是学术界还是实务界,对司法公正的研究和讨论往往较多地集中于法院的审判活动,而对检察工作在实现司法公正中     

试论我国资格刑的缺陷与完善

资格刑是以剥夺犯罪人的某种资格的刑罚.通过剥夺行为人实施某种行为的资格和能力,彰显其实现刑罚特殊预防目的的独特功能.因而资格刑的存在是必要的.就我国现状而言,现行资格刑种类单一、针对性不强、设计不甚合理.不仅如此,大量具有资格剥夺性质的处罚游离于刑罚体系之外,发挥资格刑的作用.因此,我国资格刑亟需完善:一方面,针对资格刑种类单一,应将散见其他法律条文中具有剥夺资格的内容进行整合纳入刑罚体系,同时,对现行的资格刑进行分解,以完善我国资格刑种类;另一方面,针对资格刑适用方面的弊端,应增加资格刑的复权制度以完善资格刑的执行制度.     

The effect of time after body discovery on the accuracy of retrospective weather station ambient temperature corrections in forensic entomology

Weather station data are used by forensic entomologists to estimate ambient temperatures at body discovery sites. Correlation data from sites may also be collected to correct for site and station differences. This experiment tested the accuracy over time of retrospective weather data correction using linear regression between stations and sites. Temperatures were logged at six hypothetical body discovery sites during a seven-day period for which a hypothetical body lay in situ, and a further four correlation periods. The accuracy of weather data for hypothetical body in situ periods improved after correction in 22 of 24 correlations; however, mean predicted body in situ temperatures for sites differed significantly between correlation periods. Predicted temperatures generally rose with time after body removal, which correlated with rising site temperatures accompanying seasonal change. Therefore, practitioners should be cautious in making correlations if weather patterns during correlation differ greatly from those while the body was in situ.     

Redistribution of work and income in the crisis: Actors' problems of working time reduction and a guaranteed basic income

In the present mass unemployment the ability of working time reduction to redistribute work and income becomes more clearly limited. In this paper I explore the feasibility of combining a guaranteed basic income with working time reduction in order to enhance the redistribution of work and income in the crisis. An important problem arises however when these programs are combined. The demand for working time reduction applies to a narrower range of interests, but integrates them more strongly, whereas the demand for a guaranteed basic income affects a wider range of interests, but integrates them less strongly. I call this the collectivity dilemma. The solution of this dilemma demands relatively complex cognitive reflexions on the part of the social actors involved.Translated by Andrew Watt