Projective risk variables in early adolescence and subsequent disinhibitory psychopathology

The objective was to examine early adolescent projective risk indicators for the development of antisocial behaviour as related to adult personality traits, psychopathy, and violent behaviour over the life span. Assessment data included Rorschach (Rr) ratings (at age 11-14 years), personality inventories (EPQ-I and KSP scales), and a shortened Psychopathy Check List (PCL) (administered at age 32-40 years), obtained from a group of 199 male subjects; and smoking habits (at age 36-44 years) obtained from 125 of those subjects. Results, controlled for intelligence, indicated that the high and very high risk groups, as determined by level of total Rr risk scores, were (1) significantly higher on self-rated IVE Impulsiveness, the anxiety-related KSP Muscular Tension, and nonconformity traits, as compared to the low Rr risk group--the very high risk group also scoring significantly higher on the EPQ Psychoticism scale, related to aggressiveness and cruelty; (2) higher on clinically rated PCL total sum and factor scores; and (3) they were overrepresented among Ss with subsequent violent offence, and Ss with heavy smoking habits. The results are discussed in terms of the possible usefulness of psychodynamic oriented cognitive-emotional indicators in the search for underlying mechanisms in the development of disinhibitory psychopathology.     

20世纪美国教育史学的思考

由于教育史学的跨学科性质,它一直受到历史学和教育学的双重影响,并处于学术取向还是职业取向的两难境地。反思20世纪美国教育史学我们可以认识到,教育史学的发展不应脱离历史学“母”学科主流,同时也应保持自己的独立地位;传统教育史学和新教育史学各有其利弊,对于教育史的再认识是教育史学发展的基本形式。随着我国高等师范教育课程改革的深入,外国教育史学的未来发展可有两条并行不悖的路线：一是继续教科书传统,以满足师范教育的需求;二是摆脱学校教育史传统模式的束缚。加大学术研究的力度,提升教育史家的主体地位。     

“法”义新论

"法"在字源和词源上有三个系统,即灋、佱、。许慎在《说文》中仅以战国篆文为据,未能考察商至战国前期文字发展的理路,对"灋"的词源解释有误。廌与作为神兽的獬豸有差异,并无掌法神兽之义。灋字在西周时代作为"废"的本字使用,与后世的"法"义并无关联。宗周文化系统中有一个表规范、法则意义的"佱"字;南方文化中有一个表达规范、法则、效法甚至法律的"",因此在先秦时代有宗周的"佱"和南方的""两个与后世"法"有渊源关系的概念系统。这两个系统在春秋中叶至战国时代发生碰撞、融合,最终以""吸纳并取代"佱",并写作"灋"为终结。具有"刑罚"、"审判"之义的"法",通过"灋"的字源和词源无法解释,而当与宗周文化系统之外的南方文化中的系统有关。     

IMPACT OF VICTIMIZATION ON RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY: EXPLAINING RACIAL AND ETHNIC PATTERNS USING THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY

Criminal victimization is known to influence households’ moving decisions, but theories suggest that the processes leading to a moving decision can vary across racial and ethnic groups. Drawing from current literature, we hypothesized that victimization would have a stronger effect on moving decisions for Whites than for Blacks or Hispanics, and that racial/ethnic residential segregation would moderate the impact of victimization on mobility. Using a longitudinal sample of 34,134 housing units compiled from the National Crime Victimization Survey for the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the United States (1995–2003), we found results that both support and contradict the hypotheses. Specifically, White residents display consistent evidence that victimization is a significant predictor of household mobility. Blacks and Hispanics, in contrast, are more varied in their moving behavior after victimization. In addition, significant differences exist among these groups in responses to victimization and in how mobility is influenced by residential segregation. Higher levels of residential segregation play a part in the victimization–mobility relationship among Blacks in a way that is more complex than we hypothesized.     

心肌及传导组织内3种蛋白的变化与SMDS的相关性

目的 观察心肌及传导组织内肌动蛋白、血浆白蛋白及纤维连接蛋白的染色变化，探讨青壮年猝死综合征(SMDS)死后诊断的新方法。方法 应用免疫组化S-P法，对SMDS及冠心病猝死者心肌及传导系统内肌动蛋白、血浆白蛋白和纤维连接蛋白的进行染色观察。结果 22例SMDS例猝死者心肌及传导系统内的肌动蛋白缺染17例；血浆白蛋白染色阳性18例；纤维连接蛋白染色阳性15例。并发现在SMDS中，8例有CCS严重病变。结论 心肌及传导系统内血浆蛋白、肌动蛋白改变与SMDS密切相关，部分SMDS病例死前存在早期心肌缺血或梗死的改变。     

“法”古文拾零

战国六国文字,即“古文”。楚简中的“佱”、“灋”、“廌”三个字,就是古文“法”字。运用郭店简、上博简、包山简以及金文中的材料,对照传世文献,分别对三个古文“法”字进行考释,从而提出了一个值得大家思考的课题：探求“法”字的来龙去脉,关乎“法”的渊源及其演变历程,关乎我国早期“法”概念形成脉络的把握。     

基于全自动HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS的人体体表挥发性有机化合物检测及性别推测研究

目的 旨在建立一种高效、高灵敏度的人体体表挥发性有机化合物（volatile organic compounds;VOCs）分析方法;用于法庭科学领域的犯罪嫌疑人特征刻画。方法 采用全自动顶空-固相微萃取箭型（headspace-solid-phase microextraction-Arrow;HS-SPME-Arrow）气相色谱-质谱联用技术;优化得到最佳萃取条件:使用50 μm/30 μm DVB/CWR/PDMS萃取纤维头;设置孵化时间25 min;萃取温度60 ℃;萃取时间25 min;解吸时间3 min。通过与传统SPME的对比实验;评估了SPME-Arrow的性能优势。结果 SPME-Arrow的萃取效率约是传统SPME的1.6倍;展现出显著的自动化程度高、吸附容量大的技术优势。应用该方法成功识别出9种性别特征性VOCs标志物;基于该标志物组合进行性别推测的准确率达到93.3%。结论 建立的人体体表VOCs分析方法具有高效、灵敏的特点;在法庭科学领域的犯罪嫌疑人特征刻画中展现出良好的应用前景;为个体识别提供了新的技术手段。     

肌肉电导率和pH两指标联用推断死亡时间

目的探讨肌肉浸渍液电导率(electrical conductivity,EC)、pH两指标联用在PMI推断上的意义。方法 SD大鼠处死后,保存在25℃环境中,于不同PMI提取大鼠后肢肌肉制备匀浆液,测定浸渍液EC和pH。分析EC、pH两指标联合使用推断PMI的意义。结果 EC、pH两指标随PMI均呈现阶段性变化:1d内,pH明显下降,EC无明显变化;2~3d,EC、pH均快速增大;4~10d,EC继续增大,而pH变化不明显。EC、pH联合使用,有助于划分PMI时段,以及特定时段内指标的优化:1d内,选择pH最佳,2~3d,EC、pH联用最佳,4~10d,选择EC最佳。结论 EC、pH联用有助于提高PMI推断的准确性。     

御史纠弹:唐代官吏犯罪的侦控程序考辨

御史纠弹是唐朝追诉官吏犯罪的程序。“纠察”为调查程序 ,指御史依职权对中央和地方的各级官吏的各项职事进行主动监督 ,以发现犯罪并进行调查。“弹奏”为控诉程序 ,指御史将其所发现并已核实的案件事实直接向最高统治者提起弹劾。纠与弹是相互联系的两个阶段 ,前者是手段 ,后者是目的。御史纠弹制度中的一些合理设置 ,可为当今追诉职务犯罪的制度建设提供史鉴.     

利用肌原纤维小片化指数推断死亡时间

目的研究死后机体骨骼肌肌原纤维小片化指数(MFI)与死亡时间之间的关系。方法双缩脲法测定室温下不同死后时间家兔骨骼肌全蛋白浓度,分光光度法测定540nm处0.5mg/mL蛋白浓度下的骨骼肌肌原纤维小片化指数。结果在死后早期,肌原纤维小片化指数随着时间延长逐步增高。结论肌原纤维小片化指数可用于早期死亡时间的推断。     

The Contribution of the “Dutch School” in Public Finance to the Theory of Personal Income Taxation (1870–1920)

Hansen's dissertation (1996) is an impressive, highly valuable, and thorough study on the problems of income taxation in Germany. These problems were also extensively discussed in Dutch economic literature around 1900. Several authors took part in the discussion, and some were also involved as politicians. They are referred to as the Dutch School in public finance. The discussions in the Netherlands were of a distinctive character as far as the tax rate (progression) is concerned. With regard to the tax base (the concept of income) there is in the case of the reform of the income tax in 1915, via in particular Treub, close affinity to that thinking in Germany, that is so eminently analyzed by Hansen.     

人脑挫伤后细胞周期素D1表达的变化

目的研究CyclinD1在人不同部位脑挫伤组织中表达的变化及其与损伤时间的关系。方法88例脑挫伤标本按损伤后存活时间0.5,1,3,24h和3,7,14,30d分为8个实验组,另以6例非脑挫伤的脑作为对照组,应用CyclinD1免疫组织化学并结合图像分析技术观察CyclinD1的变化。结果脑挫伤后,挫伤灶中央CyclinD1阳性细胞几乎丧失,1h后挫伤灶周围CyclinD1阳性细胞开始增加,3h～30d之间各组挫伤灶周围免疫阳性反应的细胞增加显著,在3h～30d一直维持在较高水平;CyclinD1主要见于小胶质细胞和其它胶质细胞,少数神经元也呈阳性。结论人脑挫伤后,CyclinD1在多种脑细胞内表达,以胶质细胞表达明显,CyclinD1阳性细胞在伤后不久即显著增加,故可作为早期脑损伤的诊断指标。     

生物样品中曲马多的分离和鉴定

简要地介绍了曲马多的药理性质和在生物样品中的分离方法,给出了其在GC和TLC法中的分析数据,所介绍的方法具有操作简单回收率高等优点.     

Potency Trends of Δ9‐THC and Other Cannabinoids in Confiscated Cannabis Preparations from 1993 to 2008*

Abstract: The University of Mississippi has a contract with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to carry out a variety of research activities dealing with cannabis, including the Potency Monitoring (PM) program, which provides analytical potency data on cannabis preparations confiscated in the United States. This report provides data on 46,211 samples seized and analyzed by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection (GC‐FID) during 1993–2008. The data showed an upward trend in the mean Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹‐THC) content of all confiscated cannabis preparations, which increased from 3.4% in 1993 to 8.8% in 2008. Hashish potencies did not increase consistently during this period; however, the mean yearly potency varied from 2.5–9.2% (1993–2003) to 12.0–29.3% (2004–2008). Hash oil potencies also varied considerably during this period (16.8 ± 16.3%). The increase in cannabis preparation potency is mainly due to the increase in the potency of nondomestic versus domestic samples.