Book reviews and notes

FRENCH‐ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF FRENCH LEGAL TERMS IN EUROPEAN TREATIES. [Prepared by R. J. B. ANDERSON and R. J. DECKERS. Sweet &; Maxwell/Langenscheidt. 1972. 64 pp. £1.50.]

THE PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE OF THE NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COURT. By ROGER W. RIDEOUT. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1973. xvi and 94 pp. (inc. index). £1.75 (paperback).]

SWEET &; MAXWELL'S EUROPEAN COMMUNITY TREATIES. Edited by Sweet &; Maxwell's Legal Editorial Staff, Advisory Editor, K. R. SIMMONDS. [1972. xii and 334 pp. £2.85 (paperback).]

REVENUE LAW. By BARRY PINSON. Sixth Edition. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1972. lxx and 690 pp. (inc. index). £4.25 (paperback).]

SWEET &; MAXWELL'S GUIDE TO ESTATE DUTY STATUTES. By G. S. A. WHEATCROFT. Second Edition. [1972. xiv and 170 pp. (inc. index). £1.90 (paperback).]

ACCOUNTING IN BUSINESS. By R. J. BULL. Second Edition. [Butterworths. 1972. viii and 279 pp. (inc. index). £2.20 (paperback); £3.60 (bound).]

GORE‐BROWNE ON COMPANIES. Edited by A. J. BOYLE and RICHARD SYKES. [Jordan &; Sons. 1972. cxlii and 1232 pp. £12.60.]

COMMUNITY LAW THROUGH THE CASES. By NEIL ELLES assisted by J. H. VALLATT. [Stevens &; Sons. 1973. xxviii and 411 pp. (including an index and tables of treaties and cases). £7.50 (bound).]

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LAW AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES. By D. LASOK AND J. W. BRIDGE. [Butterworths. 1973. 314 pp. £5.40 (hardback); £3.20 (paperback).]

THE E.E.C. RULES OF COMPETITION. By W. ALEXANDER. [Kluwer Harrap Handbooks. 1973. £4.90.]

EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS. By A. H. ROBERTSON. [Stevens/Matthew Bender. 1973. 3rd ed. xix and 478 pp. (inc. index). £6.00 (hardback); £3.75 (paperback).]

COOPER'S OUTLINES OF INDUSTRIAL LAW. By J. C. WOOD. Sixth edition. [Butterworths. 1972. lxxx, 512 and 41 (index) pp. £4.60 (limp); £6.80 (cased).]

CRACKNELL'S LAW STUDENTS’ COMPANION: CRIMINAL LAW. By T. CORE and C. L. MAUNDY. Second edition. [Butterworths. 1973. vi and 171 pp. (inc. index). £1.80.]     

Book notices

LAW AT WORK SERIES. General Editor, Paul O'Higgins. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. £1.95 each.]

GOING TO LAW, by John McIlroy

TRADE UNIONS, by Richard Kidner

UNION MEMBERS, by Gillian Morris

SAFETY REPRESENTATIVES, by Roger Benedictus

EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS, by Ian Smith

WAGES AND SALARIES, by Gerry Rubin

LAW OF EMPLOYMENT. Third Edition. By N. M. Selwyn. [Butterworths. 1980. 388 pp. (inc. appendices). £8.95.]

MODERN EMPLOYMENT LAW. Third Edition. By M. Whincup. [Heinemann. 1980. 305 pp. (inc. appendix). £8.50.]

NATHAN AND MARSHALL ‐ CASES AND COMMENTARY ON THE LAW OF TRUSTS. Seventh Edition. By D. J. Hayton. [Stevens. 1980. xxxix and 736 pp. (inc. index). £16.50.]

LAW OF TRUSTS. Second Edition. By L. B. Curzon. [Macdonald and Evans. 1980. xxxi and 316 pp. (inc. index). £4.50.]

CEDRIC D. BELL.

LAW AND ACCOUNTS OF EXECUTORS, ADMINISTRATORS AND TRUSTEES. Twentieth Edition. By B. G. Vickery. [Cassell. 1980. 371 pp. including glossary and answers to exercises, plus 6 pp. tables. £8.95.]

PROBATE PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE. By A. K. Biggs and A. P. Rogers. [Fourmat Publishing. 1980. 157 pp. inc. 35 pp. precedents, 7 pp. index and 8 pp. contents. £6.95.]

CONVEYANCING OF FREEHOLD PROPERTY. By Phyllis E. Newman. [Fourmat Publishing. 1980. 53 pp. inc. list of forms and index, plus 7 pp. tables, etc. £3.95.]

CONVEYANCING LAW. By P. H. Kenny and C. M. Bevan. [Macdonald &; Evans. 1980. 284 pp. inc. glossary, bibliography, note on examination technique, and index, plus 14 pp. tables, etc. £3.50.]

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR SOLICITORS. David S. Porter with Sir Desmond Heap. [Waterlow Cassettes. 1980. One hour running time, available only from publishers. £7.50 plus VAT and p&;p.]

REMEDIES FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT. By Hugh Beale. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. xxiv and 248 pp. (inc. index). £10.85 (hardback); £7.40 (paperback).]

CONSUMER LAW. By M. J. Leder. [Macdonald and Evans. 1980. xxiv and 208 pp. (inc. index). £2.50.]

THE LAW AND PRACTICE OF COMPROMISE. By David Foskett. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. 198 pp. inc. 19 pp. precedents and 6 pp. index, plus 22 pp. tables, etc. £18.50.]

CONSTITUTIONAL FUNDAMENTALS. By H. W. R. Wade. [Stevens &; Sons. 1980. x and 83 pp. (inc. index). £3.35.]

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. By Lynda Banks. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. vii and 84 pp. (inc. index). £1.50.]

DE SMITH'S JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION. Fourth Edition. By J. M. Evans. [Stevens, lxviii and 626 pp. (inc. index). £24.00.]

LAW AND SOCIETY IN ENGLAND. By B. Roshier and H. Teff. [Tavistock Publications Ltd. 247 pp. (inc. index). £4.95.]

JUSTICE AND WELFARE IN DIVORCE. By M. Murch. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. viii and 307 pp. (inc. index). £10.75.]

SWEET &; MAXWELL'S SOCIAL WORK STATUTES. Edited by Richard M. Jones. [Sweet &; MaxwelL vii and 168 pp. (inc. index). £4.60.]

COMPANIES ACTS. Editor Maurice Kay. [Sweet &; Maxwell. 1980. 561 pp. (inc. index). £10.50.]

COMPANY LAW HANDBOOK. Editor Keith Walmsley. [Butterworths. Second edition. 1980. ix and 705 pp. (plus index). £11.96.]

HARRAP'S GERMAN AND ENGLISH GLOSSARY OF TERMS IN INTERNATIONAL LAW. By G. Gilbertson. [Harrap Books. 1981. xi and 355 pp. £25.00.]     

Book reviews and notes

SALE AND HIRE PURCHASE. By J. K. Macleod. [Butterworths. 1971. 449 pp. £4.50 (casebound); £3.20 (limp).]

THE MODERN LAW OF CHARITIES. By G. W. Keeton and L. A. Sheridan. Second Edition. [Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly Inc., Belfast. 1971. 389 pp. £5.95.]

INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY LAW. By J. F. Northey and L. H. Leigh. [Butterworths. 1971. 345 pp. (inc. index). £1.50.]

THE CONFLICT OF LAWS. By J. H. C. Morris. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. 570 pp. £5.00 (bound); £3.25 (paperback).]

AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH LEGAL HISTORY. By J. M. Baker. [Butter‐worths. 1971. 330 pp. (inc. index). £2.00.]

A GUIDE TO THE INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS ACT 1971. By C. G. Heath. [Sweet & Maxwell, W. Green & Son. 1971. xx and 256 pp. (inc. index). £300.]

INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT LAW. By B. A. Hepple and Paul O'Higgins. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xxii and 203 pp. (inc. index). £3.50 (hardback); £2.25 (paperback).]

PRINCIPLES OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT LAW. By CA. Cross. Fourth Edition. [Sweet and Maxwell. 1971. lxvi and 518 and 32 pp. (index). £4.50 (bound); £2.50 (paperback).]

PERSONAL PROPERTY. By H. W. Wilkinson. [Sweet and MaxwelL 1971. £300 (hardback); £1.75 (paperback).]

ADVANCED LEVEL LAW. By Barry Jones. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xvii and 157 pp. (inc. index). £1.75 (bound); £1.10 (paperback).]

THE ENGLISH LEGAL SYSTEM. By K. J. Eddey. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. vi and 191 pp. (inc. index). £2.50 (bound); £1.15 (paperback).]

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON A LEVEL LAW. By Vincent Powell‐Smith. Second edition. [Butterworths, 1971. xiv and 174 pp. 80p.]

THE GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF LAW. By Clive Davies. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xvi and 117 pp. 75p.]

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SCOTS LAW. By Enid A. Marshall. [W. Green & Son Ltd. 1971. xxi and 519 pp. (inc. index). £5 (bound); £3.50 (paperback).]

PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SCOTS LAW. By James W. Coull and Eric W. Merry. [Butterworth & Co. 1971. xxiv and 285 pp. (inc. index). £3 (limp); £4.60 (cased).]

ADMINISTRATION UNDER LAW. A Report by a Justice Committee under the Chairmanship of Keith Goodfeflow, Q.C. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. 39 pp. 75p.]

TANGLING WITH THE LAW. By F. A. R. Bennion. [Chatto & Windus Ltd., Charles Knight & Co. Ltd. 1970. vii and 158 pp. (inc. index and appendices). 75p (paperback); £1.50 (hardback).]

THE ENGLISH JUDGE. By Henry Cecil [Stevens & Sons. 1970. xi and 177 pp. (inc. index). £1.75.]

OCCUPIERS’ LIABILITY. By P. M. North. [Butterworth & Co. 1971. xxxviii and 238 pp. (inc. index). £3.60.]

WINFIELD AND JOLOWICZ ON TORT. By J. A. Jolowicz, with T. Ellis Lewis and D. M. Harris. Ninth edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xlvii and 692 pp. (inc. index). £5.50 (hardback); £3.20 (paperback).]

CASES AND MATERIALS ON CONTRACT. By R. E. McGarvie, C. L. Pannam and P. J. Hocker. Second edition. [The Law Book Co., Australia. 1971. xl and 1,069 pp. (inc. index). £8.75 (hardback); £7.25 (paperback).]

AUSTRALIAN MERCANTILE LAW. By Sir Keith Yorston and Edward E. Fortescue. Fourteenth edition. By P. E. Powell. [Law Book Co., Australia. 1971. xxx and 678 pp. (inc. index). £5.50 (bound); £3.85 (paperback).]

SWEET & MAXWELL'S GUIDE TO A CAREER IN THE. LAW. Seventh edition. [1971. vii and 85 pp. (inc. index). £1.50 (hardback); 65p (paperback).]

STROUD'S JUDICIAL DICTIONARY. VOLUME 1, A.‐C. By John S. James. Fourth edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xiv and 671 pp. £10.50.]

REVENUE LAW. By Barry Pinson. Fifth edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. lxvi and 641 pp. (inc. index). £5.75 (hardback); £3.30 (paperback).]

THE YEARBOOK OF WORLP AFFAIRS 1971. [Stevens & Sons, xvi and 343 pp. One. index). £500.]

THE MODERN LAW REVIEW: INDEX TO VOLUMES 1–33. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. ix and 118 pp. £2.50 (free to 1971 subscribers).]

ODGERS ON PLEADING AND PRACTICE. By G. F. Harwood. Twentieth edition. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. xlii and 555 pp. (inc. index). £4.25.]

ATTACHMENT OF EARNINGS. By M. R. Freedland. [Jordan & Sons. 1971. ix and 33 pp. (with Appendix, 30 pp.). 75p.]

SOUND INVESTMENT. By P. G. P. DEW. Third edition. [Jordan & Sons. 1971. vii and 37 pp. 40p.]     

Book reviews and notes

TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES: CASES AND MATERIALS. By R. H. Maudsley and E. H. Burn. [Butterworths. 1972. 660 pp. (inc. index). £6.60 (cased); £4.60 (limp).]

LABOUR AND THE LAW. By O. Kahn‐Freund. [Stevens. 1972. xii + 270 pp. £1.80.]

PRINCIPLES OF LABOUR LAW. By R. W. Rideout. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xxxii+422 pp. £5.25 (hardback); £3.50 (paperback).]

BRITISH GOVERNMENT TODAY. By B. Jones. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xv and 236 pp. £2.00 (hardback); £1.00 (paperback).]

THE LAW OF THEFT. By J. C. Smith. Second edition. [Butterworths. 1972. xxvii and 241 pp. (inc. index). £5.50 (hardback); £3.00 (limp).]

THE LAW OF TORTS. By John G. Fleming. Fourth edition. [Law Book Co. 1971. xlviii and 670 pp. (inc. index). £7.25 (bound); £4.75 (paperback).]

STREET ON TORTS. Fifth edition. [Butterworths. 1972. lxxxvii and 524 pp. (inc. index). £3.20 (paperback).]

TORT. By C. D. Baker. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xxii and 295 pp. (inc. index). £2.50 (hardback); £1.60 (paperback).]

SELECTED STATUTES FOR BAR EXAMINATIONS: I. [Butterworths. 1972. vii and 360 pp. £2.00.]

LEGAL PROBLEMS OF AN ENLARGED EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. Edited by M. E. Bathurst and others. [Stevens & Sons. 1972. xix and 369 pp. (inc. index). £6.75.

VAT—A CONCISE GUIDE. By H. H. Mainprice. [VAT Planning & Publications Ltd., Crusader House, 14 Pall Mall, London. 1972. vii and 67 pp. 45p.]

CLARKE HALL AND MORRISON'S LAW RELATING TO CHILDREN AND YOUNG PERSONS. By L. Goodman. Eighth edition. [Butterworths. 1972. xlix and 1366 pp. (inc. index). £12.00 (£9.00 for members of B.A.S.W. and N.A.P.O.).]

INTRODUCTION TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. By David Foulkes. Third edition. [Butterworths. 1972. xx and 290 pp. (inc. index). £4.20 (hardback) ; £2.80 (paperback).]

INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH LAW. By Philip S. James. Eighth edition. [Butterworths. 1972. xxxv and 482 pp. (inc. index). £3.00 (hardback); £1.20 (paperback).]

INTRODUCTION TO JURISPRUDENCE. By Lord Lloyd of Hampstead. Third edition. [Stevens. 1972. xxxix and 873 pp. (inc. index). £5.00 (paperback).]

THE MAKING OF BUSINESS CONTRACTS. By A. Harding Boulton. Second edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xiv and 220 pp. (inc. index). £3.50 (hardbound) ; £1.95 (paperback).]

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL LAW. By Rupert Cross and Philip Asterley Jones. Seventh edition. [Butterworths. 1972. xlix and 430 pp. £4.20 (cased) ; £2.60 (limp).]

ESSAYS ON CRIMINAL LAW IN NEW ZEALAND. Edited by R. S. Clark. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. 224 pp. £3.50 (hardback); £2.50 (paperback).]

EXECUTORSHIP LAW AND ACCOUNTS. By J. N. R. Taylor. [Macdonald & Evans. 1972. xv and 159 pp. (inc. index). 55p.]

PHIPSON'S MANUAL OF THE LAW OF EVIDENCE. By D. W. Elliot. Tenth edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xxxvi and 338 pp. (inc. index). £3.50 (hardbound); £2.75 (paperback).]

STROUD'S JUDICIAL DICTIONARY. VOLUME 2, D.‐H. By John S. James. Fourth edition. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. xvi and 601 pp. £10.50.]

A HISTORY OF ENGLISH LAW. By Sir William Holdsworth. Volume XVII: General Index. By John Burke. [Methuen /Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. 551 pp. £8.00.]

CLERK AND LINDSELL ON TORTS: THIRD CUMULATIVE SUPPLEMENT TO THE THIRTEENTH EDITION. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1972. £1.75.]

WHILLAN'S TAX TABLES AND TAX RECKONER 1972–73. By George Whillans. Twenty‐fifth edition. [Butterworths. 1972. 23 pp. 70p.]

CASEBOOK ON COMPANY LAW. By R. S. Sim. Third Edition. [Butterworths. 1971. 382 pp. £1.60.]

THE CRIMINAL JURISDICTION OF MAGISTRATES. By Brian Harris. [Justice of the Peace Ltd. 1969. xlviii and 365 pp. (inc. index). 1970 Supplement, x and 38 pp. £6.]

BUTTERWORTHS’ MATRIMONIAL LAW STATUTES. [Butterworths. 1971. 547 and (index) 20 pp. £4.20 (casebound); £2.20 (limp).]

DIVORCE AND FAMILY LAW WITH TEST QUESTIONS IN A NUTSHELL. By L. McGuiness and G. O'Connor. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xiii and 103 pp. 75p.]

THE COMPANY DIRECTOR. By Alfred Read. Fourth Edition. [Jordan & Sons Ltd. 1971. xxxi and 232 pp. £2.10.]

JURISPRUDENCE IN A NUTSHELL. By Charles Conway. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. vii and 69 pp. 60p.]

CONVEYANCING WITH TEST QUESTIONS IN A NUTSHELL. By Peter Kleiner. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xiii and 134 pp. 80p.]

LAW AS FACT. By Karl Olivecrona. Second Edition. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. vii and 320 pp. £3.75.]

HANBURY'S MODERN EQUITY: SUPPLEMENT TO THE NINTH EDITION. By R. H. Maudsley. [Stevens & Sons. 1971. 14 pp. 25p.]

A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO APPEALS IN CRIMINAL COURTS. By Peter Morrish and Ian McLean. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1971. xxxv and 153 pp. (inc. index and appendices) £2.25.]

BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING STANDARD FORMS: FIRST SUPPLEMENT. By I. N. Duncan Wallace. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1970. 39 pp. 50p.]

EVIDENCE. By Richard Clayton. [Sweet & Maxwell. 1970. xii and 72 pp. 60p.]     

The future of legal services: A review

LAW IN THE BALANCE ‐ LEGAL SERVICES IN THE EIGHTIES. Edited by Philip A. Thomas. [Oxford: Martin Robertson 1982. x and 245 pp. £18.50 (hardback); £6.50 (paperback)]     

Dilemmas and Dimensions of Non-indigenous Organisms and Pathogens in the Marine Environment: A Sea Change

“Although scientific and technical approaches are indispensable in managing the problem, bioinvasions are fundamentally a human phenomenon, driven by economic activity and by our choices as consumers, travelers, gardeners, pet owners, fishermen, and so on … No one advocates an attempt to unscramble the world's biota and return it to some historical state, even if that were possible … Our ultimate goal ust be … to preserve or restore something we value: native biodiversity and the wild places and systems where it can thrive, the look of a landscape, a sense of place, the functioning of an ecosystem, the economic productivity of our working lands and waters, the health of people, animals, and plants.” ^{2 2} Yvonne Baskin, A Plague of Rats and Rubbervines: The Growing Threat of Species Invasions, 8, 17 (2002).      

Public Diplomacy,Smith-Mundt and the American Public

The U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, also known as the Smith-Mundt Act, is a mostly unknown and widely misunderstood piece of legislation. Revised multiple times, the law bans domestic dissemination of Voice of America and other U.S. international broadcast content in the United States. Presenting government-supported international broadcasting as an example of public diplomacy, this article discusses the long-term misrepresentation of Smith-Mundt's original intent and highlights the consequences of the continuing ban. The article considers prospects for ending the ban and emphasizes potential opportunities presented by its elimination, concluding that ending the ban might eliminate incongruity between American foreign policy goals of democracy promotion and the reality of banned domestic content. Repeal of the ban may also result in unexpected remedies for challenges facing the American media industry and the American public's desire for international news.

The United States government may be the largest broadcaster that few Americans know about. Although its networks reach 100 countries in 59 languages, they are banned from distribution in the United States by a 1948 law devised to prevent the government from turning its propaganda machine on its own citizens. ^{1 1}Mark Landler, A New Voice of America for the Age of Twitter, N.Y. Times, June 7, 2011 at 9. The broadcasters comprising the U.S. international broadcasting operation are the Voice of America (VOA), Alhurra, Radio Sawa, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, and Radio and TV Marti. The Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) is “a bipartisan agency … that acts as a ‘firewall’ between the U.S. government and international broadcasting entities it funds.” Kim Andrew Elliott, America Calling: A 21st-Century Model, Foreign Service J., Oct. 2010, at 31. When Smith-Mundt was passed in 1948, USIB authority fell under the Department of State. Later, Congress created the United States Information Agency (USIA) to facilitate American public diplomacy operations. After the end of the cold war, Congress dismantled USIA and returned responsibility for American public diplomacy efforts to the Department of State. For an excellent history of the rise and fall of the USIA, see Nicholas J. Cull, The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy 1945–1989 (2008).      

The Antwerp cor*-database: A unique Flemish source for historical-demographic research

This note describes the origin, the history, structure and characteristics of a recently constructed Flemish (the Northern, Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) historical-demographic database. The so-called Antwerp cor*-database offers a unique combination of features: it spans nearly seven decades (1846 to 1920) and consists of information drawn from the population registers and the vital registration records (birth, marriage, and death) of the whole district of Antwerp. Every person whose family name starts with the letter combination cor* is selected in the database. The database covers three linked generations and contains micro-data on the individual level (life courses), intermediary data on family patterns, and macro-data on ecological characteristics.     

Gallery Districts of Barcelona: The Strategic Play of Art Dealers

This article focuses on Barcelona's art market to explore the underlying factors behind the clustering of art dealers in several of the city's districts. Drawing upon quantitative and qualitative data, the article analyzes how such clustering reveals a strategic action in the sense attributed to it by Crozier and Friedberg (1981 Crozier, Michel and Friedberg, Erhard. 1981. L’acteur et le système, Paris: Éditions du Seuil.  [Google Scholar]). Gallery districts are not a reflection of structural factors (economic, urban development-related, or social) but are the result of a combination of strategic choices—either individual or collective—which explain the permanence of leading gallery districts or the emergence of new ones.     

Trends in US Imports of Amphibians in Light of the Potential Spread of Chytrid Fungus,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and Implications for Conservation

Amphibian populations around the world are declining in part due to diseases from infection with the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs). While declines in more charismatic megafauna are common sources of public awareness and concern, such as the loss of elephants to poaching or polar bears to climate change, amphibians have been suffering a dramatic decline due to the outbreak of deadly fungal diseases with relatively little public attention. Various amphibian advocacy groups work to raise awareness of the issue, but given the limited funding and resources allocated to this cause, there remains a general lack of momentum to tackle the growing conservation threats to this group of animals and to examine policy weaknesses that may need to be adapted to help ensure their conservation. The international trade in live amphibians certainly contributes towards the global spread of these pathogens, but the true extent of spread remains unknown. To determine the degree to which the importation of amphibians into the United States was correlated with presence of known vectors of Bd spread, we compared US Fish and Wildlife Service wildlife trade records for all commercially traded live animals imported to the US from 2006 to 2014 against known species-level infection susceptibility. Approximately 26,859,034 live amphibians were imported into the US for commercial purposes between January 2006 and December 2014.¹¹ Deanna H. Olson et al., Mapping the Global Emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus, 8 PLOS One, 27 February 2013, e56802, at 11.View all notes^,22 Id.View all notes Of these, 59.8% were specimens of species known to be susceptible to Bd infection and therefore may have introduced Bd into the country. Our findings demonstrate significant declines in the annual import quantities of 14 Bd-susceptible species between 2006 and 2014. These reductions could be due to a variety of factors, ranging from possible increased domestic production and a reduced need for foreign-sourced animals to reduced demand from changing market behaviors to the potential disease-driven decline of wild populations and greater difficulty in supplying these specimens. Our research supports the need for continued implementation of US policy, particularly the Lacey Act, to closely regulate wildlife imports to reduce the spread of highly virulent pathogens that threaten native species. Additionally, a rapid response mechanism is needed to control the introduction and spread of wildlife disease vectors when emergencies arise. Although the impact of the wildlife trade is just one facet of the overall amphibian conservation landscape, the information we present herein provides reason to develop increasingly robust rapid-response policies to protect wild amphibian populations in the midst of an emerging global disease crisis.     

The flavour of history: Food,family and subjectivity in two Indo-European women's memoirs

This article examines two autobiographies written by women with family connections to the former Netherlands Indies (colonial Indonesia): Marguerite Schenkhuizen's Memoirs of an Indo Woman (1993 Schenkhuizen, M. (1993). Memoirs of an Indo Woman: Twentieth Century Life in the East Indies and Abroad. Edited and translated by Lizelot Stout van Balgooy. Athens, OH: Ohio Centre for International Studies: Monographs in International Studies. Southeast Asia Series Number 92.  [Google Scholar]) and Karina Schaapman's Motherless (2007 Schaapman, K. 2007. “Motherless: A true story of love and survival”. London: John Murray. Translated by Rosalind Buck [Google Scholar]). Particular attention is given to the customs surrounding the preparation, consumption and distribution of food within these women's families, practices that illuminate the formation and expression of identities across generations of Indo-European migrants, and between the colonial and post-colonial periods. Studies of colonial identity often essentially focus on how aspirations for group membership are expressed. Such emphasis can exaggerate the stasis and cohesion of colonial cultures at the expense of a more nuanced analysis of the varied, sometimes contradictory range of identities that exist within specific historical contexts. To approach identity and subjectivity as related but not necessarily congruent constructs provides significant insight into how ethnic identities that were formed in a family context altered in response to twentieth century decolonisation. The memoirs examined demonstrate that subjectivities formed with reference to foodways in Indo-European (Indo) families were gendered and raced. The colonial identities that were informed by these subjectivities found new and altered expression in the post-colonial era.     

‘Alien family’: The impact of the Aliens Act 1935 and subsequent Orders on the family in Ireland, 1933–1945

This article examines the consequences of Irish ‘aliens’ policy on families fleeing Nazi Germany using case studies of Irish German-speaking families and German-speaking families to ascertain the difficulties they faced. Analysis of the applications process undergone by families in order to secure a safe-haven from the reaches of the Third Reich reveals the main concerns of the Irish establishment and how these matters affected the potential safety of some individuals above others because of how they were officially categorised. Juxtaposing those who were considered an asset to Irish society against those who were not granted refuge this study traces the process both endured. While this article outlines the Irish government policy on refugees it focuses more particularly on how civil servants and government agencies implemented such policies and the subsequent impact on refugee family units affected by the Nazi regime.1 1?My doctoral research forms part of the German-speaking exiles in Ireland Project an initiative led by Dr Gisela Holfter in the Centre for Irish-German Studies at the University of Limerick. The overall project is attempting to fill a previous void in international exile studies, from an Irish perspective see Holfter, Gisela (Ed.). (2006 Holfter, Gisela, ed. 2006. German-speaking Exiles in Ireland 1933-1945, Amsterdam: Rodopi. New York [Google Scholar]). German-speaking Exiles in Ireland 1933-1945 Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi. This article attempts to reconcile internal policy, international relations and the effect these had on the lives of ordinary people both German-speaking and Irish. It will conclude by recognising the importance to the Irish authorities of the former two elements while acknowledging that despite them there were some successes for refugees although they were of least consequence in the priorities of the day.     

People’s justice for everyone

Both William Dean Howells and Edward Bellamy imagine brotherhood as the basis for new social orders in response to the trauma of the Civil War. Responding to the way in which the Civil War had pitted “brother against brother” in a “house divided,” Howells and Bellamy differently seek to reconstitute the American national family through revisioning brotherhood as universal, just, and equitable. William Dean Howells’s 1890 Howells WD (1890) A hazard of new fortunes New York Signet Classics 1965  [Google Scholar] A Hazard of New Fortunes illustrates the difficulties of aligning men in brotherhood following the Civil War and amidst the economic upheaval of the last decades of the 19th century. Bellamy’s 1888 Bellamy E (1888) Looking Backward, 2000‐1887 (Cecilia Tichi, Ed.) New York Penguin Books 1985  [Google Scholar] Looking Backward and Howells’s Altrurian romances (A Traveller from Altruria [1894 Howells WD (1894) A traveler from Altruria In E. J. Cady, R. Gottesman, &; Da. J. Nordloh (Eds.), The Altrurian romances (pp. 5–179) Bloomington Indiana University Press 1968  [Google Scholar]], “Letters of an Altrurian Traveller, I‐V” [1893 Howells WD (1893‐1894) Letters of an Altrurian traveller, I‐V In Edwin J. Cady, Ronald Gottesman, and David J. Nordloh (Eds.) The Altrurian romances (pp. 181–263) Bloomington Indiana University Press 1968  [Google Scholar]‐94] and Through the Eye of the Needle [1907 Howells WD (1907) Through the eye of the needle. 1907 In Edwin J. Cady, Ronald Gottesman, and David J. Nordloh (Eds.), The Altrurian romances (pp. 265–442) Bloomington Indiana University Press 1968  [Google Scholar]]) demonstrate brotherhood’s importance to new visions of community. Brotherhood’s promise for remaking the nation gives rise to the Nationalist movement, which emerged to make real Bellamy’s vision of the future. Brotherhood is a powerful organizing principle for utopian endeavor in post‐Civil War America, despite the limitations coincident with brotherhood, such as the difficulty of imagining brotherhood across race and gender lines.     

Viewing time measures and sexual interest: another piece of the puzzle

Abstract

The present study compared a viewing time (VT) measure with the Sexual Deviance Card Sort (Laws et al., 2000 Laws, D. R., Hanson, R. K., Osborn, C. A. and Greenbaum, P. E. 2000. Classification of child molesters by plethysmographic assessment of sexual arousal and a self-report measure of sexual preference. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15: 1297–1312. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and past sexual behaviour. Twenty-six adult males who committed a contact sexual offence (19 of whom had child victims and seven with adult victims) each completed the self-report card sort and viewed 640 slides of nude and clothed males and females, ages 5, 9, 13 years and adult. The offenders were unaware that their viewing time was being recorded. VT allowed for greater consistent classification of sexual interest: for gender preference, 79% for individuals with child victims, 86% for individuals with adult victims; for age preference, 84% for individuals with child victims, and 57% for individuals with adult victims. Results demonstrated that a combination of nude and clothed computer-modified imagery can provide accurate sexual interest classification.     

“The ties that bind”

This article investigates the different adaptive strategies migrants used to cope with their new surroundings. These strategies have proven to be useful in studying the behavior of migrants in the new country, as they focus on migrants' own actions and their way to play within the structures. Migrants' networks, such as family, friends, and ethnic organizations, were crucial in this. The article focuses on Polish migrants and their networks that supplied support and self-help which were a way of coping, although not to the same degree for every Polish migrant. Networks could also have a conservative and restrictive effect, particularly on women and children. The actions of the migrants were guided by a set of social and normative rules, but these were dynamic and changed according to the needs of the migrants in the new country. Over the generations, traditional values were adapted to the new environment. New ideas were taken from the American culture and modified to the Polish norm (Americanization and feminism in a Polish way).

“Let us become acquainted and know our strength” (from Album Szescdziesiatej [Anonymous 1954 Anonymous. 1954. Album Szescdziesiatej Rocznicy Polskiego Narodowego Katolickiego Kosciola 1897–1957, Scranton: “Straz” Printery.  [Google Scholar], p. 9]).     

Some notes on the validation of VRS-SO static scores

ABSTRACT

The present study was a psychometric examination of Violence Risk Scale-Sexual Offender version (VRS-SO; Wong, S., Olver, M. E., Nicholaichuk, T. P., & Gordon, A. (2003 Wong, S., Olver, M. E., Nicholaichuk, T. P., & Gordon, A. (2003). The violence risk scale: Sexual offender version (VRS-SO). Saskatoon: Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan. [Google Scholar]). The violence risk scale: Sexual offender version (VRS-SO). Saskatoon: Regional Psychiatric Centre and University of Saskatchewan) static item scores in a Canadian multisite sample of 668 treated adult male sexual offenders. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of 13 nonredundant Static-99R and VRS-SO static items generated three factors labelled Youthful Aggression, Sexual Criminality, and General Criminality. The factor and total scores converged with Static-99R and VRS-SO dynamic factor scores. Scores on the VRS-SO static items, EFA-derived factors, and total score each significantly predicted 5- and 10-year sexual, violent, and general recidivism through ROC analyses. Cox regression survival analyses showed all three factors uniquely predicted sexual recidivism to varying degrees in the overall sample; however, only Youthful Aggression and General Criminality uniquely significantly predicted violent and general recidivism in the overall sample and among sexual offender subgroups. Implications for theory, clinical practice, and instrument refinement are discussed.     

Economic Insecurity,Blame, and Punitive Attitudes

This study examines the relationship between punitive attitudes toward criminals, two measures of economic insecurity and a measure of blame for stagnating incomes that targets welfare, affirmative action, and immigration. In effect, we are testing whether punitiveness toward criminals is part of a general constellation of resentment toward what Gans (1995 Gans, H. J. 1995. The war against the poor, New York: Basic Books.  [Google Scholar]) has termed the “undeserving poor” and that Garland (2001 Garland, D. 2001. The culture of control, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) has described as the “politics of reaction.” Survey data involving 1,476 adults are assessed using OLS regression. Results indicate that blame of welfare, affirmative action, and immigration is the strongest predictor of punitiveness. Economic insecurity has variable input to punitive attitudes that depends on the measure used and the sex and race of respondents. Some evidence of an “angry White male” phenomenon is also provided by the results.     

Gender and Juvenile Drug Abuse: A General Strain Theory Perspective

This study is a partial test of Robert Agnew's (2006 Agnew , Robert. 2006 . “Pressured Into Crime: General Strain Theory.” Pp. 201 – 209 in Criminological Theory: Past to Present. , 3rd ed. , edited by F. T. Cullen and R. Agnew . Oxford , England : Oxford University Press . [Google Scholar]) general strain theory. The sample consists of 39,879 juveniles between the ages of 10 and 17 from a metropolitan area in Texas with more than 5 million people. Logistic regression is used to determine the effect of living situation on drug offenders, drug recidivists, and juvenile court case outcome when race, abuse, sex, and mental health problems are controlled. Gender-specific analysis is used to test L. Broidy and R. Agnew's (1997 Agnew , Robert and Timothy Brezina . 1997 . “Relational Problems With Peers, Gender, and Delinquency.” Youth & Society 84 – 111 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) hypothesis that girls and boys react differently to strain. Results show partial support for the influence of a strained living situation on drug offenders, drug recidivists, and case outcome. Support is found for the hypothesis that boys' and girls' experiences with strain differ.     

The impact of bullying and coping strategies on the psychological distress of young offenders

Abstract

This study investigated the involvement in bullying, the psychological distress, and the coping strategies of 99 males in an English young offenders institution. The Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC; Ireland, 1998 Ireland, J. L. 1998. Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC), Lancashire, , UK: University of Central Lancashire.  [Google Scholar]), the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995 Lovibond, P. F. and Lovibond, S. H. 1995. The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research Therapy, 33: 335–343. [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and the 48-item Coping Styles Questionnaire (CSQ; Roger et al., 1993 Roger, D., Jarvis, G. and Najarian, B. 1993. Detachment and coping: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring coping strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 15: 619–626. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) were administered. Over 60% of prisoners were involved in bullying (as a victim or bully), as indicated by responses on the DIPC. Emotional and avoidance coping were significantly related to psychological distress. Bully/victims were significantly more depressed than prisoners not involved in bullying, and being a bully/victim was a significant predictor of higher stress scores. Significant correlations were observed between all psychological distress measures and the number of bullying behaviours experienced by prisoners. These findings are discussed in relation to their implications for prisoner care and avenues for future research are proposed.     

Canadian Police Mothers and the Boys’ Club: Pregnancy,Maternity Leave,and Returning to Work

This article explores police mothers’ perceptions of their workplace experiences during pregnancy and maternity leave and returning to work. Using Charmaz’s (2014 Charmaz, K. (2014). Constructing grounded theory. London, UK: Sage. [Google Scholar]) constructivist grounded theory with a critical feminist lens, qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 police mothers in the province of Ontario, Canada. Our analysis reveals that policewomen work inordinately hard to prove physical and emotional strength in an attempt to be accepted into policing’s boys’ club; encounter negative workplace responses to pregnancy; are often demoted or reassigned during maternity leave; and need to re-prove themselves as officers upon returning to work. Our research aims to enhance retention and foster changes that will best support police mothers, police organizations, and the communities they serve.