The Rights of an Urban Soviet Subordinate to Another Urban Soviet

As a consequence of the reorganization of the soviets in accordance with the production principle, many small towns have been detached from rural districts, and the soviets of these towns have been subordinated to those of larger cities that are directly subordinate to territories and regions. In individual cases, the soviets of the small towns have been placed under district soviets of cities which have district subdivisions. At present some 300 towns have thus been subordinated to others, including 230 in the RSFSR.     

Justice and intergenerational relations: An introduction

Gerontologists have rarely considered the concept of social justice in their research. Instead, related but more specific questions about the social situation of the aged have been posed. This paper provides an overview of existing social psychological literature on justice and intergenerational relations as a context for the five other papers contained in this issue. The importance of intergenerational justice within the family, particularly when there is a caretaking relationship, is stressed. As well, the policy implications of a concern with intergenerational justice are considered. The Paper concludes with a recommendation that gerontology and social justice research be integrated more frequently in order to enrich both fields of study.     

An introduction to protecting and licensing technology

Research institutions such as federal laboratories spend billions of dollars annually to develop new technologies. Recently there has been an overwhelming trend to encourage the licensing of these technologies to private industry. Without proper protection, they will be neither marketable nor licensable, as they could fall within the public domain, for free and unrestrained use. Few options effectively protect new technologies; these options are referred to as intellectual property.This article introduces basic concepts of intellectual property, with a special emphasis on patents. It considers intellectual property management and its influence on government and business.     

The Subject of Soviet Criminology

The question of the subject of Soviet criminology remains in dispute to this day. The authors of the present article, who initially considered criminology a component of criminal law, (1) have now arrived at a different conclusion. Reviews of the textbook Soviet Criminology [Sovetskaia kriminologiia] noted, as one of its shortcomings, a vague solution of the question of the subject of this science. (2) Considering this, as well as the fact that the subject of a science is among the most important questions, we have decided to offer certain of our thoughts on this subject.     

An Important Stage in the Development of Soviet Civil Law

In December of 1961 the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, in its Seventh Session, approved the Principles of Civil Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics. New civil codes had to be enacted in the union republics in accordance with the Principles. The latter will also serve as the basis for developing and bringing up to date civil legislation within the jurisdiction of the USSR.     

The Soviet Bank for Foreign Trade and Soviet Banks abroad: A note

Economic Change and Restructuring -     

论苏维埃政权的历史命运

苏维埃是布尔什维克党创立的新型的劳动人民的政权,但是在苏联社会主义实践中发生了变异,苏维埃的地位和作用严重降低,选举和监督形式化,难以充分表达和实现人民的利益。由此可鉴,无产阶级政权的命运与人民的支持密切相关,无产阶级政权建设必须走适合本国国情的发展道路,坚定不移地走民主发展道路,建立健全人民代表的选举、履责、监督和罢免制度,并从根本上改革党政不分、以党代政的政治体制,建构党在政治、思想和组织等各方面的领导、苏维埃决策、政府执行各司其职、一体运行的政治体制。     

The Last Year of Soviet Inertia

This article addresses the radical changes in Russian foreign policy that took place in 2014. By the end of 2013, Moscow had exhausted the potential for progressively raising its international status by evolutionary means. As 2014 approached, Russia started to define its own habitat. The trigger was a clash between comprehensive and mutually exclusive integration projects.     

The Party Nucleus of a Soviet

In the decisions of the Central Committee of the Party on the work of local government authorities at various levels, attention has repeatedly been called to the need to make the groups of Party members in the Soviets more active and to assure that they will influence in every way the work of the bodies of representative government. This was also emphasized in the 1971 decree of the CPSU Central Committee, "On Measures to Further Improve the Work of the District and City Soviets of Working People's Deputies."     

The hooligan and his world image in soccer vandalism. An introduction to this current phenomenon of socially deviant behavior

"Hooliganism" is a phenomenon born in the motherland of football: England. But nowadays we all are the non-volunteer spectators of this subculture form of violence and vandalism across the European continent, e.g. in Belgium, the Netherlands, the Federal Republic of Germany and so on. This article is an introduction into the West German Hooligan Scene to learn more about the social, sociological, psychological, criminal backgrounds, characters and causes for a better understanding to solve this multifunctional problem: by police, society and policy.     

浅谈我国诱惑侦查之规制——以美国“陷阱抗辩”法理为鉴

"陷阱抗辩"法理是美国对于诱惑侦查的一种事后规制,其目的在于防止侦查机关滥用侦查权,以保障公民的合法权益.由于"陷阱抗辩"有正当程序的理念基础作支撑,并以非法证据排除制度为保障,所以在美国能有效实施.但在我国却没有相应的生存土壤,不能产生现实有效的规制作用.我国应该建立适合中国国情的诱惑侦查规制制度,防止侦查机关侵害公民合法权益.