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Lopez V Kopak A Robillard A Gillmore MR Holliday RC Braithwaite RL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2011,40(8):945-957
Sexual risk taking among female delinquents represents a significant public health problem. Research is needed to understand
the pathways leading to sexual risk taking among this population. This study sought to address this issue by identifying and
testing two pathways from child maltreatment to non-condom use among 329 White and 484 African American female adolescent
detainees: a relational pathway and a substance use coping pathway. The relational pathway indicated that child maltreatment
would be related to non-condom use via depressive self-concept and condom use self-efficacy. The substance use coping pathway
suggested that depressive self-concept and alcohol-based expectancies for sexual enhancement would mediate the relationship
between child maltreatment and non-condom use. As hypothesized, the relational pathway variables were associated with one
another in the expected directions; however, evidence of mediation was not found. Support for mediation was found for the
substance use coping pathway. Exploratory across group comparison analysis indicated that the relational pathway was significant
for White girls whereas the substance use coping pathway was significant for African American girls. Limitations and implications
for future research are discussed. 相似文献
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Latinas in the United States are at a disproportionate risk for STDs and sexual risk behaviors. Among Latinas, acculturation
has been found to be one of the most important predictors of these behaviors. Therefore, this study examined the longitudinal
association between Latina adolescents’ level of acculturation and multiple sexual risk outcomes, including self-report STD
diagnosis, four or more life-time sex partners, regret of sexual initiation after alcohol use, and lack of condom use during
young adulthood. Based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), this study includes a nationally
representative sample of 1,073 Latina adolescents (ages 11–20 at Wave 1) transitioning into young adulthood (ages 18–27 at
Wave 3). Our findings indicate that more acculturated Latinas who spoke English at home were more likely to have STDs and
to exhibit sexual risk behaviors than Latinas who were foreign-born and did not use English at home. Interventions that aim
to promote sexual and reproductive health among young Latinas should take into consideration their different levels of acculturation.
This approach holds greater potential for reducing health disparities among Latinas. 相似文献
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There is strong evidence that early pubertal timing is associated with adolescent problem behaviors. However, there has been
limited investigation of the mechanisms or developmental relationships. The present study examined longitudinal models incorporating
pubertal timing, delinquency, and sexual activity in a sample of 454 adolescents (9–13 years old at enrollment; 47% females).
Participants were seen for three assessments approximately 1 year apart. Characteristics of friendship networks (older friends,
male friends, older male friends) were examined as mediators. Structural equation modeling was used to test these associations
as well as temporal relationships between sexual activity and delinquency. Results showed that early pubertal timing at Time
1 was related to more sexual activity at Time 2, which was related to higher delinquency at Time 3, a trend mediation effect.
None of the friendship variables mediated these associations. Gender or maltreatment status did not moderate the meditational
pathways. The results also supported the temporal sequence of sexual activity preceding increases in delinquency. These findings
reveal that early maturing adolescents may actively seek out opportunities to engage in sexual activity which appears to be
risk for subsequent delinquency. 相似文献
6.
Adolescent Sexual Debut and Later Delinquency 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Does sexual debut (i.e., experiencing sexual intercourse for the first time) increase the risks of participating in later delinquent behavior? Does this risk increase if adolescents experience early sexual debut relative to the timing experienced by one’s peers? Although many factors have been linked to sexual debut, little research has examined whether sexual initiation is linked to later behavioral outcomes. Using data on adolescents participating in three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=7,297), we examine the interconnections between sexual debut and later delinquency. In addition, we pay particular attention to the role of timing of sexual debut. We find that experiencing sexual debut is associated with delinquency one year later. In addition, those adolescents who experience early sexual debut relative to their peers are at higher risk of experiencing delinquency compared to those who debut on-time; adolescents who experience late sexual debut are the least likely to participate in delinquency. Moreover, the protective effect of late sexual debut appears to persist for several years. Findings are interpreted by drawing on developmental theory and life course research. 相似文献
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Young people's age expectations for the Initiation by boys and girls of a range of sexual practices were elicited from a sample of 522 15- and 16-year-olds. As expected, there was a progression in the modal ages nominated from the least intimate (kissing) to more intimate behaviors (sexual intercourse). There were few gender differences, either for age expectations of the practices of boys and girls or between male and female respondents. There was a strong relationship between sexual timetables and timetables for autonomy and use of common drugs such as alcohol, and several marker sexual behaviors were identified that may signify the appropriateness of a range of sexual practices, It is suggested that there is a group of young people whose desire for early autonomy, substance use, and belief in early sexual activity may put them at risk. 相似文献
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Sibongile Ndashe 《Feminist Legal Studies》2004,12(2):213-221
In 1998 Ghia Van Eeden was sexually assaulted by a serial rapist who had escaped from police custody due to the negligence
of the South African police authorities. Claiming that the State owed a common law duty of care to potential victims to protect
them from violent crimes, Van Eeden sought damages for the harm she had suffered. In a path-breaking decision, the Supreme
Court of Appeal (S.C.A.) found that a duty of care did indeed exist and that its execution had to be considered in line with
the constitutional requirement to protect women's right to be free from violence and the constitutional obligation to develop
the common law so as to promote the spirit, purport and objects of the South African Bill of Rights. Examining the Van Eeden decision in terms of its substantial development of the circumstances in which the State may be judged liable for a wrongful
omission, this note positions the S.C.A.'s decision in the context of the evolving case law of the Constitutional Court on
sexual violence and ultimately questions its practical significance for addressing the prevalent abuse of women in South Africa.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Evidence suggests that lesbian and gay young adults use substances more frequently than their heterosexual peers. Based on
the life course perspective, we argue that this difference may be due to the unavailability of marriage as a turning point
in the lives of lesbian/gay young adults. We use data from a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 13,581, 52.4% female, 68.6% white, ages 18—26) to examine sexual orientation differences in substance use and explore whether
these differences vary by romantic partnership formation in young adulthood. We find that the formation of more serious partnerships
(e.g., cohabitation, marriage) is associated with less frequent substance use among heterosexual young adults, though this
pattern does not hold for lesbian and gay young adults. We conclude that the partnership options available to lesbians and
gay men do not provide the same health-protective benefits that marriage does for heterosexuals. 相似文献
10.
Some recent studies suggest that sexual minorities may have worse health-related outcomes during adolescence because they
report lower levels of family connectedness, a key protective resource. Using data from wave 3 of the National Longitudinal
Study of Adolescent Health (n = 11,153; 50.6% female; mean age = 21.8 years), this study extends prior research on adolescents to young adults. We examine
whether lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults report lower levels of parental support than their heterosexual peers
and whether differences in parental support help explain why LGB young adults tend to have worse health-related outcomes.
We find that lesbian and bisexual women report lower levels of parental support than heterosexual women and that gay men report
lower levels of parental support than bisexual and heterosexual men. Compared to heterosexual women, lesbian and bisexual
women have higher odds of suicidal thoughts and recent drug use; bisexual women also have higher odds of elevated depressive
symptomatology and heavy drinking. Gay men have higher odds of suicidal thoughts than heterosexual men. With the exception
of heavy drinking, parental support either partially or fully mediates each of the observed associations. Even though the
transition from adolescence to young adulthood is characterized by increased independence from parents, parental support remains
an important correlate of health-related outcomes during this stage of life. Sexual minorities report lower levels of parental
support during young adulthood, which helps explain why they have worse health-related outcomes. Interventions designed to
strengthen relationships between LGB young adults and their parents could lead to a reduction in health disparities related
to sexual orientation. 相似文献
11.
Rob Cover 《澳大利亚女权主义者研究》2014,29(82):435-451
Over the past two decades, significant work has been undertaken in masculinities scholarship to aid the development of efforts to prevent incidences of sexual violence against women. This has included Carmody's powerful contribution of grounding primary prevention strategies in Foucault's ethics of the care of the self and others. This paper expands on this approach by theorising how Judith Butler's ethics of non-violence built on the recognition of vulnerability can provide a conceptual mechanism or justification by which men will embrace sexual ethics of care. Using the contextual example of group sexual assault by team sportsplayers as well as recent efforts to address masculine violence in Australia, the paper argues that Butler's recent work contributes to ways in which that ethics can be better embraced by men as part of a broader project of cultural transformation of (hyper-)masculinity into a less-harmful event. The paper addresses ways in which to understand the failure of team sportsplayers capacity to recognise the vulnerability of women in group sexual assault cases by showing how the operation of normative frames prevent conceiving the hypermasculine self as anything but inviolable. In that context, some recent debates in Australian masculinities and anti-violence scholarship on whether or not changes to gender relations are best communicated as a benefit or loss of power to men are addressed. The aim of this paper is to make a small contribution to advancing theories and concepts of sexual ethics in the context of masculine sexual violence by investigating ways in which Butler's approach can operate as both a mechanism for inducing care of selves and others and an outcome of the cultural transformation of gender relations. 相似文献
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Nereo Nancy E. Farber Barry A. Hinton Veronica J. 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2002,31(4):303-310
The primary aim of this study was to compare the willingness of sexually abused (n = 22) and non–sexually abused (n = 36) late adolescent women to self-disclose both general and sexual information to strangers and intimate partners. Results, based on a sample of college women, indicate that those who were sexually abused in childhood are less likely than nonabused counterparts to be highly disclosing of sexual and general information to intimate partners. Avoiding extensive disclosure of personal information to intimate partners may serve to keep survivors of abuse at a relatively safe distance from their own dysphoric feelings and suggests that mistrust of others is an ongoing issue for this population. 相似文献
14.
《Child & Youth Services》2013,34(2):145-158
Since the "discovery" of sexual abuse in the late 1970s there has been a steady rise of sexual abuse allegations. The rate of false positives in sexual abuse allegations has been estimated to be 2-8%. More than 65% of all current reports of suspected child maltreatment (physical and sexual) are assessed to be unsubstantiated. This paper discusses the clinical, cultural, and legal causes and presentations of false positive, false negative, and unsubstantiated allegations of sexual abuse. 相似文献
15.
Andrea Slane 《Child & Youth Services》2015,36(4):288-311
This article examines the history of legal discussion of the harms of child pornography possession and viewing in the United States and Canada, with special attention to the evolving conception of direct harms to children and youth pictured in these images. The article further addresses ongoing uncertainty about harms associated with images that do not record an instance of sexual abuse, but where the harm arises solely from non-consensual distribution of nude and/or sexual images. Achieving greater understanding and recognition of both the similarities and differences between the harms that arise from the “permanent record of abuse” and from ongoing circulation and use of images beyond the subject's control are necessary in order to equip both clinical and legal practitioners with the knowledge they need in order to provide appropriate support for victims of the varied forms of sexual abuse related to sexual image online. 相似文献
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Anna Carline 《Feminist Legal Studies》2012,20(3):207-225
This article provides a critical analysis of the manner in which prostitution and trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation was ??framed?? by official discourses in order to support the reforms in England and Wales contained within the Policing and Crime Act 2009. Drawing upon the recent work of Judith Butler, emphasis will be placed on how the schema of the vulnerable prostitute was fundamental to invoking emotional affects, which justified certain political effects, especially the move towards criminalising the purchase of sexual services. However, on closer analysis the article will uncover an agenda influenced by law and order/morality, immigration and a ??fear of the enemy??. Furthermore, it will be argued that New Labour??s framing of the problematic enabled the State to avoid dealing with the more difficult, but more urgent, issues of the differential distribution of wealth, precarity and the engendering of an ethical and global responsibility for the other. 相似文献
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Liz Wells 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》1982,12(1):106-107
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Elizabeth Woodcraft 《Feminist Review(on-Line)》1988,28(1):122-130
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Needham BL 《Journal of youth and adolescence》2012,41(2):179-190
Previous research suggests that sexual minority youth have poorer health-related outcomes than their heterosexual peers. The
purpose of this study is to determine whether sexual orientation disparities in mental health and substance use increase,
decrease, or remain the same during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Data are from Waves 1–4 of the National
Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 8,322; 55% female). Respondents were in grades 7–12 at Wave 1 and aged 24–32 at Wave 4. Latent growth curve modeling is
used to compare the mental health and substance use trajectories of youth who consistently report heterosexual attraction
versus those who consistently report lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) attraction, those who report a transition to LGB attraction,
and those who report a transition to heterosexual attraction. Among women and men, sexual orientation disparities in depressive
symptoms and suicidal thoughts persist, but do not increase, during the transition from adolescence to adulthood. The same
pattern is observed for disparities in smoking, heavy drinking, and marijuana use among women. Among men, disparities in substance
use are only observed between those who report consistent heterosexual attraction and those who transition to heterosexual
attraction. Disparities between these groups persist over time for heavy drinking and marijuana use but decrease over time
for smoking. While this study finds evidence of numerous disparities in mental health and substance use outcomes during adolescence
and young adulthood, particularly among young women, there is no indication that these disparities get larger over time. 相似文献