The Nation as a Framework for Political Life

The stable existence of the state is impossible without nationalist discourse.     

Lying as a Political Wrong

Law and Philosophy - In Speech Matters, Seana Shiffrin claims that certain lies should be tolerated on grounds of political inclusiveness. If political equality requires perfect compliance with...     

EU Citizenship and Political Identity: The Demos and Telos Problems

Citizenship is the cornerstone of a democratic polity. It has three dimensions: legal, civic and affiliative. Citizens constitute the polity's demos, which often coincides with a nation. European Union (EU) citizenship was introduced to enhance ‘European identity’ (Europeans’ sense of belonging to their political community). Yet such citizenship faces at least two problems. First: Is there a European demos? If so, what is the status of peoples (nations, demoi) in the Member States? The original European project aimed at ‘an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe.’ Second: Citizens are members of a political community; to what kind of polity do EU citizens belong? Does the EU substitute Member States, assume them or coexist alongside them? After an analytical exposition of the demos and telos problems, I will argue for a normative self‐understanding of the EU polity and citizenship, neither in national nor in federal but in analogical terms.     

National Identity as a Means of Reducing Ethnic Negativism

This article discusses how national identity in Russia is understood by the public and among experts who study ethnic issues. The author separates the notion of national identity into categorical identity and associative identity (i.e., the consolidating type of identity which is based on a strong feeling of connection with other citizens). The latter type of identity is present only among a third of people who identify themselves as Russian. The author further analyses the connection of this type of identity with inter-ethnic negativism. She finds that national identity does not remove bias toward abstract “others.” However, it affects direct inter-ethnic communication in the labor and family spheres. The positive impact of national identity on inter-ethnic attitudes is more apparent in the Astrakhan region, which has longer experience of inter-ethnic communication. It is argued that one obstacle to national identity having a positive impact on inter-ethnic attitudes is the lack of a clear and consistent understanding of national identity among education experts, social scientists, and journalists. The study utilizes data from Wave 24 of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey conducted by the Institute of Sociology (“The dynamics of social transformation of modern Russia in the socioeconomic, political, sociocultural, and ethno-confessional contexts,” Wave 4) and several separate regional polls conducted by the Department of Ethno-sociology of the Institute of Sociology, Russian Academy of Science between 2014 and 2016.     

作为公共生活技艺之道的政治哲学

政治哲学不但显现于伟大著作之中,而且是人们在公共领域的行为指南,成为对公共性商讨与争论的技艺之道。因此,当代政治哲学需要从理想彼岸的设计之思中解放出来。在公共生活中,政治哲学不仅是实然状态的反思与应然状态的解释,更是实现这种反思与解释的技艺之道。超越追求中立性政治真理的局限性,政治哲学需要为人的政治选择提供判断、决定、主张或服从的能力,这是它的实践性所在。这体现在:在超越追求客观共识的政治科学与追求最优结果的政治哲学之上的,是使人真正具备积极的批判思维能力、建设性的问题解决能力、完备的阐释能力、包容的沟通能力以及系统性的信息控制能力等为要件的作为公共生活技艺的政治哲学。由此,政治哲学不再是空中楼阁,既揭示了政治事务的争辩本性,又实现了人在追求理想政治状态过程中变得更加明智的价值追求。     

公司作为普通合伙人投资合伙企业引发的法律思考

相较于1997年《合伙企业法》,修订后的《合伙企业法》在制度上有许多调整,公司可以参与合伙并可以成为普通合伙人即是其中较为重要的创新之一。但是,公司作为法人成为普通合伙人参与合伙企业经营和管理,毕竟与自然人以普通合伙人的身份参与到合伙企业之中有着很大的区别,可能对公司、公司股东特别是小股东、公司债权人等造成不利影响。在实践中,公司作为普通合伙人所带来的诸多问题并没有引起实务界和理论界的关注。而这些问题的解决,有助于公司在利用合伙企业的投资优势的同时,能够建立适中的风险防范机能。     

地方民族立法基本问题刍议

在《重庆市实施<中华人民共和国民族区域自治法>办法》起草和修订过程中,通过对我国地方民族立法的几个基本问题的思考和探索,各方面达成了比较一致的认识,进一步明确了地方民族立法的目的,其法律和政策参照依据,地方民族立法的基本形式,以及地方民族立法中权利与义务对等的问题。     

城镇化进程中的政治与经济问题对城市犯罪的影响

城镇化是人类社会现代化的必然趋势。但是,城镇化进程中产生的各种城市问题却对城市的生存与发展造成了诸多困扰。城市问题是城市犯罪孕育、发生和发展的温床,从整体层面上研究城市问题对犯罪的影响具有重要的现实意义。在所有的城市问题中,城市政治问题和经济问题是两种主要的"城市病",而且二者之间联系密切、关系复杂,其互动效应与联动效应对城市社会治安大环境的形成,对城市犯罪问题的衍变,对犯罪行为的主体与受体的塑造等,都有十分深刻的影响。建国后我国城市犯罪在政治与经济问题的综合影响下,曾形成了4个犯罪高峰期,目前仍居高不下。     

行政诉讼行政首长出庭应诉制度:司法政治学的视角

新《行政诉讼法》修订颁布之后,行政首长出庭应诉制度正式成为一项带有鲜明中国特色的司法运作机制。从制度变迁的角度来看,行政首长出庭应诉制度经历了一个从地方政策试验到中央立法吸纳的过程。从各地关于行政首长出庭应诉制度的政策文本出发,不难发现社会稳定压力与地方法制竞争的外部因素影响,而且行政首长出庭应诉制度的实践运作,也主要依赖于数字考核的指标控制而非行政法治的自我拘束。从中国行政诉讼模式变迁的大背景下观察,行政首长出庭应诉与行政诉讼协调和解、行政诉讼司法建议制度根源自相同的法理,均旨在实现纠纷的实质性化解,而不再将合法性判断视为行政诉讼的核心议题。     

政治冲突的司法解决与宪法裁判的政治化倾向——谈宪法诉讼的性质

社会在不断地变动和发展,反映并用以调整社会关系的宪法也必然要相应地作出调整.从实用主义的视角来看,当旧的宪法规范已经不能够解决当前所面临的政治冲突的时候,以立宪主义为诉求的我们就应该探索新的解决方法.     

权利的伦理解析

权利起源于人际之利害关系,它界定行动的自由度,以利己为原动力,并且只有在社会认同的基础上才具有正当性。     

《公民及政治权利国际公约》的两份中文本:问题、比较与出路

本文揭示了这样一个事实,即就《公民及政治权利国际公约》,同时存在着两个中文本。其中一个在联合国和中国广为使用已经超过30年,但是这一中文本并非该公约的作准中文本。该公约的作准中文本公布在《联合国条约集》上,但很少被有关人权的中文文献所使用。本文对比了这两个文本,并指出在广为使用的中文本中存在着诸多错误。本文还分析了这一局面的法律含义和实践后果,并提出了在法律意义上合理、在实际处理上可行的解决方案。     

主权:政治现实、道德理想与法治桥梁

准确把握主权概念是清晰理解国际法与国际关系的基础。只有消除一些误解和歧义才有可能树立正确的观念。就现实而言,主权是对内的命令、调控以及以此为基础的对外代表与参与,主要功能是政府对其行为与利益的辩护与防卫。其根源是社会分工形成的人群分层,并在此基础上形成的制度惯性以及人们对治理形式的路径依赖。其内核是无涉于道德和法律的。在认清主权的非社会契约性、非神圣绝对性之后,必须承认,主权在世界上仍会长期存在。因而有必要在人本主义的价值基点上塑造其理想,即要求主权发挥引领、代表、服务人民,在相互依赖、面临共同未来的人类处境中密切合作的职能。为此,有必要进一步完善权力—权利三角形,使主权的运作受国内宪政和国际法治的引导与制约,促进社会的健康和谐发展。     

The Effects of National and Local Funding on Judicial Performance: Perceptions of Russia's Lawyers

Courts that perform well are the cornerstone of the rule of law and democratic development. When courts are perceived as legalistic, fair, impartial, and independent of the influence of extrajudicial actors, aggrieved individuals are more likely to pursue litigation over other, potentially unlawful, alternatives. Using original data from surveys of more than 1,800 randomly sampled lawyers in 12 Russian cities, we investigate the effects of perceived government funding and power diversification on a variety of indicators of perceived judicial performance. We find that, according to lawyers, financial dependence on the national government has no independent effect on judicial performance, but financial dependence on local governments has consistently significant negative effects. We also find that diversified political power has consistently significant positive effects on perceived judicial performance, probably because the diversification makes courts seem less vulnerable to unified pressure from political actors.     

现代化与近代以来中国政治发展的相关理论问题

现代文明是一种独特的文明模式,其历史渊源是欧洲传统文明。中国传统文明具有独特性,它采取的是政教合一的秩序实现模式,有自身的演进逻辑。中国传统文明与现代文明本是两个不相干的系统。从政治发展的角度看,中国现代化实质上是一场秩序模式革命,包括传统政治整合模式的解构和现代秩序模式的创建。与欧洲特别是英国“顺势现代化”模式相比,中国的现代化属于“逆势现代化”,其过程的复杂性和艰巨性主要在于,在现代化的启动初期,就必须在共同体的宏观层面展开对传统秩序模式的解构。     

In the Mirror: The Legitimation Work of Globalization

This essay examines the legitimation work of globalization by bringing into dialogue the authors' research on immigration, finance, and intercountryadoption. It is concerned with the practices that produce, define, and preclude both movement and connection, such as "naturalizing" some border crossings while criminalizing others; denying the histories and policies that allow some parents to "choose" babies while others must abandon them; and challenging the practices through which small states tweak transnational financial systems while allowing multinational corporations privileges denied small states. Legitimation work (re)configures jurisdictionality, transparency, and sovereignty–the constructs on which debates over globalization's consequences hinge. Examining how these constructs order, include, and exclude persons, goods, and practices sheds light on the boundaries, slippages, and connections between the legitimate and the illegitimate within global processes.     

从他者想象到自我镜像——谈《镜花缘》对殊方异域传说的继承与发展

海州板浦的濒海环境,对李汝珍利用海外游历来结构全书的创作构想有着重要的影响.但他对海外诸国的描写并无亲身体验,主要是利用传统的殊方异域传说.早期的殊方异域传说反映的是中土民众对境外他族的集体想象,潜隐着凝聚本族的文化功能.而在李汝珍的创作中,海外异民的行为举止乃是中土社会风气的集中、提炼与反仿,从而将殊方异域传说从一种他者想象发展为自我镜像,并借此来进行社会批判,表达政治理想,由此大大丰富了此类传说的文化功能.