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《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2012,23(2):328-338
Abstract This article describes the process of implementing the HCR-20 into clinical practice at two Swedish forensic psychiatric hospitals. Since the instrument is fairly new, the interrater reliability was checked in a very comprehensive way. Seven clinicians undertook the task of assessing 43 violent offenders admitted to a forensic psychiatric hospital. These assessments were done independently of each other; no discussions of the cases were allowed between the assessors. The outcome is very encouraging, with a high internal consistency and high interrater reliability overall. The whole process of implementing a research instrument into clinical practice is described, how it was done, and what experiences were found. 相似文献
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《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2012,23(1):15-35
Abstract Following the series of incidents during the early 1990s in which psychiatric patients living in the community committed serious harm to themselves or others, the Department of Health issued circular HSG(94)5 to health authorities instructing them to establish supervision registers for such patients. Despite the fact that the circular was extensively criticized on procedural, substantive and policy grounds, its proposals have nevertheless been implemented. This article considers the actions of the Department of Health from a risk communications perspective and argues that the initiative should be understood as, first, an attempt to deflect attention from the unacceptable consequences of community care and, second, a response to the wider electoral concerns of the government. 相似文献
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Ailbhe O'Loughlin 《The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice》2014,53(2):173-192
In 2011, the current government announced plans to overhaul the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme, renaming it the Offender Personality Disorder Pathway (OPDP). This article questions the government's dedication to continuing, and potentially expanding, a costly and controversial initiative in the face of its apparent failure to treat the offenders in its care effectively and facilitate their progress through the prison system. It suggests that these unfulfilled promises are ancillary to another aim: preventively detaining troublesome prisoners. The plans are of particular concern for prisoners on indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPP), whose release may be further impeded. 相似文献
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社会危害性是指行为对特定社会所保护的社会关系造成的现实的或可能的危害的属性,是事实评价与价值评价的统一,是主观与客观的统一,是现实性和可能性、已然性和未然性的统一。人身危险性是初犯可能与再犯可能的统一,是特定人格与非特定人格的统一。因此,两者的关系就表现为人身危险性是社会危害性的重要内容,人身危险性是表征社会危害性的主观范畴。人身危险性的大小是衡量社会危害性程度的一个重要因素。从犯罪定量的角度看,如果犯罪数额、犯罪结果等因素是衡量犯罪的社会危害性程度的客观因素,那么,人身危险性则可以与主观恶性、罪过心理等主观因素一起被视为犯罪定量的主观因素。 相似文献
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本文对大陆法系刑法中超法规违法阻却事由的存在根据和价值诉求进行了理论剖析,并以此来关照我国刑法中的社会危害性,对一段时间以来理论界有关社会危害性的批判作出回应. 相似文献
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In the Netherlands pre-trial forensic mental health assessments are conducted to examine whether a mental disorder was present at the time of the offence that affected the free will of a person, in which case criminal accountability is considered diminished or absent. This study aims to investigate societal changes over time in forensic mental health recommendations in arson cases. Seventy-two reports of male arsonists assessed in 1950–2010 were included in this study, 36 arsonists were assessed in the first time period (1950–1979) and 36 in the second period (1980–2010). Results show an association between DSM classification and the conclusion on criminal accountability only in the first period and an association between recidivism risk and the forensic mental health recommendation only in the later period. It is concluded that mental disorder was of greater influence on the conclusion on accountability in the first time period, whilst dangerousness played a more important role on the forensic mental health recommendation in the later time period. Our findings reflect a shift from paternalistic principles to principles of risk control and show that societal changes influence the field of forensic mental health. 相似文献
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男性罪犯人格、社会支持和人身危险性关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用问卷法,对在押的198名男性犯人的人格、社会支持与人身危险}生的关系进行研究,结果发现：（1）客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度和人身危险性之间存在着显著的相互关联;（2）财产型罪犯的人身危险性要显著高于暴力型、性犯罪和其他类型的罪犯;（3）有前科的罪犯的人身危险性显著高于无前科的罪犯,有前科的罪犯在客观支持和对支持的利用度上的得分均显著低于无前科的罪犯;（4）罪犯的主观支持、对支持的利用度、神经质和精神质对不同犯罪类型的罪犯的人身危险性有不同预测力。 相似文献
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人身危险性是影响量刑的因素,是实施宽严相济刑事政策的重要依据.而许霆案与刘涌案正好是根据人身危险性大小从宽与从严的典型案例.人身危险性的大小主要依靠人格特征来判断,人格具有整体性和可测性,共同性和差异性,自然性和社会性,稳定性和可变性,内隐性和外显性. 相似文献
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建立健全行政问责制,是改善政府管理、建设法治政府的一种有效制度,是构建和谐社会的必然要求。本文探讨了我国现行行政问责制的基本内涵及存在的问题,在此基础上提出了完善行政问责制的相关对策和建议。 相似文献
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依现代民主政治的发展,责任政府的外延已由责任内阁制政府扩展至所有民主政府。就责任政府而言,责任应是民主政府系统中的核心要素。我国责任政府体制包括两个组成部分:一是政治问责制,即国家行政机关要对国家权力机关负责,国家行政机关首长要对自己机关的全面工作向国家权力机关负政治责任。二是行政问责制,即行政首长要对整个行政机关的工作负全面责任,行政首长具有对政府组成部门及其首长、下级行政机关及其首长、公务员的行政问责权力。目前我国行政问责在理论、实践上还存在一些问题。从行政问责逐渐发展到政治问责是我国责任政府建构之路径。 相似文献
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保安处分适用的瓶颈及其解决 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
保安处分在控制与预防犯罪方面具有重要价值 ,但是 ,由于保安处分的适用要件———人身危险性难以把握 ,因而 ,保安处分存在适用风险。本文在国内外学者研究的基础上 ,提出将具有可评估性的人格概念引入保安处分理论中 ,从而有效地控制保安处分适用的风险。 相似文献
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全面推进行政问责制是我国政治体制改革的一项重要内容。本文分析了在推进行政问责制的进程中所面临的权责不清、行政监督虚置、问责文化滞后等主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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国外非政府组织社会责任研究述评 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着非政府组织在数量、组织以及活动范围的不断扩大,其作用越来越大,已经成为权力结构的一部分,由此引发了关于其社会责任问题的研究。本文对国外非政府组织的角色和功能做了历史分析,对于其社会责任的争议做了评述：从非政府组织的社会责任概念、逻辑形式、类别、代表性问题、相关利益者责任、责任机制等方面进行了比较分析。 相似文献
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陈伟 《西南政法大学学报》2011,13(1):49-56
在构建和谐社会时代主题的现实背景下,通过＂行为人中心＂的刑法理论来研究未成年人犯罪具有鲜明的现实意义。未成年人的人身危险性包括初犯可能与再犯可能,未成年人的＂可塑性＂特点并不是否定其人身危险性的正当根据,与之相反,正是＂可塑性＂内在的二面性特征决定了未成年人人身危险性的客观实在性。未成年人的人身危险性包括广度上的征表和量度上的征表两个层面,必须结合具体案件的现实情形审慎考察并予以把握。 相似文献
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刑事政策发展的历史表明,在实证主义刑事政策下出现的人身危险性将刑事政策和刑事责任联系在一起,人身危险性此时成为决定责任存在和大小的依据。在人权与法治刑事政策下,人身危险性实现了从征表潜在犯罪可能和处罚依据到征表犯罪原因和预防的转变,表现在刑法机制上,是积极责任主义到消极责任主义转变的结果,这也同时促使人身危险性具有了减轻刑罚之意义。因而,刑事政策对刑事责任的影响表现在两个方面,一是对作为处罚结果意义上之责任的影响,二是对作为责任主义之＂责任＂的影响,在刑法机制上,前一影响是通过后一影响完成的。在刑事政策视角下,我国刑事责任的转型应实现向责任主义的倾斜,并通过人身危险性角色的转变使传统刑事责任消解单纯处罚结果之内容从而具有预防之功效,最终实现传统刑事责任内容、功能乃至地位的转变。 相似文献
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《社会福利与家庭法律杂志》2012,34(4):423-433
Dangerous offenders are arguably one of the most persistent moral panics of modern times, and it is therefore unsurprising that government agendas have had to include means by which to assess, sentence, and manage such people. Despite the need for policies focusing on dangerousness, this article argues that those introduced by New Labour have been over expansive and have caused a multitude of problems resulting in an untenable situation. In June 2010, Kenneth Clarke, the new Justice Secretary, announced plans for a ‘rehabilitation revolution’, and it is with hope that a new way forward for dealing with these offenders will now be forged. 相似文献
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从人身危险性出发正确贯彻“宽严相济”刑事政策——以未成年人犯罪为视角 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
"宽严相济"刑事司法政策要求该严则严,当宽则宽,宽中有严,严中有宽.但该政策在我国未成年人刑事案件的贯彻执行中常常陷入误区,凡是未成年人犯罪的案件,一概从轻处理.这很可能导致未成年人再次犯罪的可能性增强,无法实现矫正未成年人临时犯罪人格的目的.为了正确贯彻"宽严相济"刑事司法政策,应该以未成年犯罪人的人身危险性作为司法者在量刑时进行自由裁量的参考依据.未成年人人身危险性评估机制包括人身危险性的评估时间、实施主体、评估方法和评估程序. 相似文献
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The three eras in American policing – political, reform, and community – has become the default theoretical framework within the study of criminal justice, explicitly and implicitly shaping the discourse of police studies. Despite historically informed criticisms of this three-era model, no alternative theory has been proffered as a way of critically thinking about the police. This paper draws on Norbert Elias’ civilising thesis and the role of the state as an alternative theoretical framework to explain the evolution of American policing. We argue that changes in policing are more cogently explained by assuming a long-term view of change and that the intrusion and the retreat of the state from society better captures the evolution of the police through time. 相似文献