2001年国际私法学研究的回顾与展望

进入21世纪,国际私法的发展既面临着诸多挑战,又存在着许多机遇,本年内,我国国际私法学的研究也反映了这种现实的要求,在许多新的领域内,取得了丰硕的成果,主要集中在互联网对国际私法的影响、国家及其财产豁免权等问题.此外,我国国际私法研究工作还表现在对其他国家国际私法研究的深入.十分可喜的是,在传统的冲突法领域出现了一批有份量的专著和论文.据不完全统计,年内共出版国际私法方面的著作十余部,论文160余篇.     

The freedom of navigation in international law and the utility of international society discourse

In the international law of the sea, the emergence of new actors and systems influencing relations between states has lead to evolving rules and calls for the redefinition of the traditional issues such the allocation of jurisdiction and rights to states in its maritime zones. In the maritime domain, this is seen thrice in the evolution of the various maritime zones in the United Nations Conferences for the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS I, II and III）. In the maritime domain, there are certain actions that are not dependent on any state＇s consent. One of such is the rule of freedom of navigation. This paper, argues for the possibilities of concomitance between international law and studies in international society based on the growing recognition of the importance of examining the sociological and historical element in rule development. This paper focuses on a rule in the international law of the sea with the aim of determining the extent to which norms have caused changes in rule development, if any. This method, known as the English School method of international relations, acknowledges the benefits of international law positivism in highlighting generality with the benefits of a normative discourse in highlighting alternatives and the utility of compliance. So, although the maritime domain is rooted in a state system, one where the parts interact as a whole, a branching-out analysis towards the normative discourse in the development of this rule will facilitate more understanding, as the case-specificity of most issues in the maritime domain cannot be overemphasised.     

国际人道主义法的危机——驻伊美军虐待俘虏事件的若干法律问题分析

战争的残酷性使得人们更为关注生命尊严的价值,国际人道主义法亦随之得以发展。然而,近期曝光的驻伊美军虐待战俘事件,侵犯了战俘的生命健康权、人格权、中诉及公平审判权,严重违反国际人道主义法,而现行国际法与国内法机制均无法有效地惩罚这种违法行为。因此,为了真正保护国际人权,惩治战争犯罪,应增强国际刑事法院等组织的地位。     

国际疾病分类（ICD）的发展史

通用、统一的疾病分类就像是自然科学领域里的标准度量衡一样,不可或缺。疾病分类不仅可供医护人员使用,还可为司法鉴定、健康保险机构、国防卫生服务系统、公共卫生管理等作为评价健康状况的“度量衡”。受人类认识水平及科学发展的客观规律影响,疾病分类标准的制定与完善就注定不是一劳永逸的,它需要一代又一代的科研人员不断的进行修订与调整。作为国际通用的疾病分类,更加需要国际组织与各国家和地区的通力合作。随着我国经济、社会与医疗卫生事业的发展,对统一的疾病分类标准需求将更加广泛《,国际疾病分类》不仅在公共卫生领域,还将在司法鉴定领域发挥至关重要的作用。     

论现代国际关系理论与国际法研究的三次联结及其影响

自现代国际关系理论产生以来,与国际法研究的联结已有三次,均对国际法理论与实践的发展产生很大影响。一战后国际法的繁荣与理想主义对其的重视紧密相关。而在冷战时期现实主义占据国际关系理论与实践的主流的情势下,国际关系理论与国际法研究一度疏远,直到20世纪80年代国际机制理论的兴起才重新拾起这种联结纽带,并为国际法晚近的发展构建了合理性基础。在全球化迅猛发展的背景下兴起的建构主义实现了两个学科的第三次联结,并对国际法的理论与实践产生积极影响。     

现代国际法的人本化发展趋势

Humanization is not only a new concept and value-oriented, but also an ever-increasing positive phenomena in international law. Contemporary international law has been contributing to the establishment and improvement of global peace and development order for the co-existence among States on the one hand, and making endeavors to the formation and maintenance of humanizing order, which is both “individual-oriented” and “humankind-oriented”. Such a humanizing phenomenon undoubtedly represents the advanced trend of international law, enriches its contents, updates some of its classic branches and impacts on the basic principle of reciprocity on which it is created and developed. However, the humanization of international law could not have taken shape without common accords among States by means of either treaties or customary rules; and without cooperation among States, the humanistic value of international law can never become true no matter how sublime it is. Zeng Lingliang, Ph.D, is presently a dean and professor in Faculty of Law of the University of Macau, a Cheung Kong awardee and Jean Monnet Chair of European Union Law in Wuhan University, and one of the first three individuals nominated by the Chinese government on the list of panelists in the WTO. Prof. Zeng has a lot of articles published on the WTO issues, EU law and international law, and his representative monographs, for instance, European Communities and Modern International Law (Wuhan University Press, 1992) and its revised edition European Union and Modern International Law (Zhiyi Press, 1994), Law of World Trade Organization (Wuhan University Press, 1996), International Law and China in the Early 21st Century (Wuhan University Press, 2005) and Essentials of EU Law—In the new perspective of the treaty on a Constitution for Europe (Wuhan University Press, 2007).     

The effectiveness of international environmental agreements

Many argue that international environmental agreements (IEAs) can alter states’ cost-benefit analyses by providing crucial information about the costs of environmental degradation. Thereby, IEAs may help to effectively curb environmental pollution. However, previous attempts to empirically measure institutional effectiveness found it difficult to provide credible estimates because they have missed to produce convincing counterfactuals. This study empirically estimates the effectiveness of one prominent example of an international environmental institution, the Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution agreement (LRTAP). It sets forth a transparent identification strategy in light of latest advancements in the causal inference literature and presents evidence for the non-effectiveness of the LRTAP in changing member states’ behavior in terms of anthropogenic emissions of two substances (NO _x and SO₂). By deriving and illustrating the use of difference-in- differences (DID) design in the context of IEAs, this study provides a general methodological tool kit to drawing causal inferences about the effectiveness of international environmental institutions.     

当代国际刑法与国际犯罪问题学术研讨会综述

2002年4月26日,"当代国际刑法与国际犯罪问题学术研讨会"在香港大学隆重举行.此次会议是继2000年8月在贵阳市召开的"当代国际刑法问题学术研讨会"之后,国家重点研究基地中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心主办的又一关于国际刑法问题的学术研讨盛会,也是中心首次在境外举办学术研讨会.此次研讨会顺应当前国际社会惩治与防范国际犯罪的现实需要,有选择、有针对地就国际刑法领域诸多热点、难点问题进行了深入细致的探讨,有力地促进了我国内地与香港地区对国际刑法与国际犯罪问题的研究,因而具有重要的理论与实践意义.