西方劳动哲学的古、近代资源和现代谱系

亚里士多德的四因说和潜能现实说、圣经的创世说和赎罪说、古典政治经济学的劳动价值论、黑格尔的劳动哲学、欧文的劳动主义思想,是现代西方劳动哲学的五大思想资源.诞生于现代劳资关系运动的现代劳动哲学形成了七个主要流派,构成了一个从右到左或从左到右相当完整的谱系.     

Household Responses,Regional Diversity and Contemporary Agrarian Reform in Russia

This article analyses divergent patterns of responses using survey data from rural households in three region of Russia. The purpose of this article is to explore how household responses to reform differ in geographically distinct regions. Second, the goal is to compare regional response patterns using a standardized set of reform dimensions: perceptions about winners and losers, responses to land reform opportunities, the structure of household income, and the use of economic assistance networks. The article concludes that factors other than geography and climate influence responses to reform.     

8: Competency,Relevance, and Empowerment

Children's programs should be restructured so as to provide social systems that vigorously support child and youth care rather than hinder it. Specifically, programs should be reoriented so as to promote normal growth and development, i.e., competency, particularly interpersonal competencies. Programs should be made more relevant to community, rather than institutional, living. Democratizing programs by empowering children and those who care for them will make the programs more effective and appropriate for raising and treating children and youth. Restructuring as a strategy for change is also examined.