二孩政策对高校女性教职工的影响及高校工会的调节作用

本文基于文献分析方法,并结合针对高校女性教职工的非结构化访谈法,研究了高校女性教职工在全面二孩政策下其职业发展所受的众多影响。研究认为,高校女性教职工群体在全面二孩政策下,生育对其存在较多不利影响;基于高校女性教职工的人力资本特征和就业特征,生育对其影响表现出有别于普通女性职员的特征。研究在此基础上,分析了高校工会作为一种重要的干预力量,对于消除全面二孩政策带来的消极影响所能发挥的作用。     

Educational Aspirations of Male and Female Adolescents from Single-Parent and Two Biological Parent Families: A Comparison of Influential Factors

Youth from single-parent families report lower educational aspirations than those from two-parent families. This study explored the influence of background factors (gender, grade, parental education and SES), parental involvement with education, academic self-concept, and peer influences on educational aspirations. The participants were Canadian adolescents; 2751 from two parent and 681 from single-parent families. ANOVA results showed that adolescents from single-parent families scored significantly lower than adolescents from intact families on educational aspirations, and other predictor variables. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the pattern of relationships between educational aspirations and other factors was very similar for adolescents from both types of families; namely academic self-concept significantly predicted educational aspirations. The family involvement and background factors predicted educational aspirations via academic self-concept. Having academically oriented peers was especially beneficial to adolescents from single-parent families. Implications for intervention programs are discussed. The research was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Grant. Rashmi Garg is an Associate professor in the Department of Psychology at Laurentian University. She received her PhD in 1983 from the University of Ottawa. Basically she is interested in applied research in the areas of educational and psychological measurement and testing. More specifically she is interested in the adolescent's education and career development. Stella Melanson received a master's degree in Human Development from Laurentian University in 2003. She is working as a research data analysis coordinator for Ontario Early Years Education and Social Planning Council. Her interest is in early childhood education. Elizabeth Levin is an Associate Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychology at Laurentian University. She received her PhD in 1986 from the University of Waterloo. Her major research interests focus on parenting styles and children's conceptions of parenting.     

Organising and Representing Women: the historical case of the Female Confectioners Union

How women workers’ interests should be represented and advanced by unions underpins debates about the merits of separate organising. This study of an Australian women's union, the Female Confectioners Union, shows how separate organising created union space and voice for female confectionery workers. Set against this was inter-organisational conflict that developed between the union and the existing male-dominated union, in which separate organising became a contested strategy. For the Female Confectioners Union, this conflict not only reinforced the necessity of separate organising to ensure that the interests of women workers remained a central union concern but also what form the separate organising should take.     

Tale of Transgression: Charlie and the Representation of Female Homosexuality in Interwar Sweden

The first Swedish novel with a female homosexual protagonist, Charlie, was published in 1932, and this essay focuses on an analysis of three topoi in it, namely “the unveiling of a secret”, “the triangle of desire”, and “the scene at the mirror”. These topoi correspond to prevalent cultural representations of female homosexuality in the interwar period, under the headings of the three Ms: Masculinity, Mothering, and Mirrors, respectively. The main points of reference in the analysis are taken from sexology, psychoanalysis, and Radclyffe Hall's novel The Well of Loneliness, but it is argued that the narrative of Charlie transcends the restraining categories and normative classifications it presents.     

Unequivocal Victims: The Historical Roots of the Mystification of the Female Complainant in Rape Cases

Historically, numbers of women complainants in rape trials have been regarded suspiciously, or prejudiced in that their credibility has been seriously called into question, or undermined, both from within and outside the courtroom. Arguably, public and legal perceptions as to the expected conduct and behaviour of the stereotypical rape victim have been grounded in the belief that genuine women who allege rape should act and portray themselves as unequivocal victims. This suggests that the contemporary construct of the female rape victim and her associated stereotypical image should be considered not solely as a legal derivative but also within a wider cultural context. This article explores the historical influences that shaped the cultural construct operating in the U.K., in particular, the societal and legal attitudes of the mid-Victorians towards women and sexual violence, creating an historical mystification around the construct of the female rape victim and the crime of rape itself. Reference is made to a number of cases reported in The Times newspaper between 1850–1885 which underline the requisite portrayal of the rape complainant as an unequivocal victim. It is argued that the relocation of this historical and socially constructed mythological imaginary within the context of the law and the trial process has disproportionately contributed to the modern scepticism which surrounds the female complainant. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.